1、在职申硕同等学力英语（阅读）模拟试卷 3及答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension Directions: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar acro
2、ss the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. 0 Adam Smith, writing in the 1770s, was the first person to see the importance of the division of labor and to explain part of its advantages. He gives as an example the process by which pins were made in England. “One man draws out the wi
3、re; another strengthens it; a third cuts it; a fourth points it; a fifth grinds it at the top to prepare it to receive the head. To make the head requires two or three operations. To put it on is a separate operation, to polish the pins is another. And the important business of making pins is, in th
4、is manner, divided into about eighteen operations, which in some factories are all performed by different people, though in others the same man will sometimes perform two or three of them. “ Ten men, Smith said, in this way, turned out twelve pounds of pins a day or about 4,800 pins per worker. But
5、if all of them had worked separately and independently without division of labor, none of them could have made twenty pins in a day and perhaps not even one. There can be no doubt that division of labor is an efficient way of organizing work. Fewer people can make more pins. Adam Smith saw this but
6、he also took it for granted that division of labor is in itself responsible for economic growth and development and that it accounts for the difference between expanding economies and those that stand still. But division of labor adds nothing new; it only enables people to produce more of what they
7、already have. 1 According to the passage, Adam Smith was the first person to_. （ A） take advantage of the division of labor （ B） introduce the division of labor into England （ C） understand the effects of the division of labor （ D） explain the causes of the division of labor 2 Adam Smith saw that th
8、e division of labor_. （ A） enabled each worker to make pins more quickly and more cheaply （ B） increased the possible output per worker （ C） increased the number of people employed in factories （ D） improved the quality of pins produced 3 Adam Smith mentioned the number 4,800 in order to_. （ A） show
9、 the advantages of the division of labor （ B） show the advantages of the old craft system （ C） emphasize how powerful the individual worker was （ D） emphasize the importance of increased production 4 According to the writer, Adam Smiths mistake was in believing that division of labor_. （ A） was an e
10、fficient way of organizing work （ B） was an important development in methods of production （ C） certainly led to economic development （ D） increased the production of existing goods 5 Which of the following could serve as an appropriate title for the passage? （ A） Adam Smith, the English Economist （
11、 B） The Theory of Division of Labor （ C） Division of Labor, an Efficient Way of Organizing Work （ D） Adam Smith, the Last Discoverer of Division of Labor 6 Which of the following can best describe the authors attitude to the labour division? （ A） An efficient way. （ B） Nothing new. （ C） Dialectic. （
12、 D） Sarcastic. 6 Excerpt 1 Mankinds fascination with gold is as old as civilization itself. The ancient Egyptians esteemed gold, which had religious significance to them, and King Tutankharnun was buried in a solid-gold coffin 3,300 years ago. The wandering Israelites worshiped a golden calf, and th
13、e legendary King Midas asked that everything he touched be turned into gold. Excerpt 2 Most economists hate gold. Not, you understand, that they would turn up their noses at a bar or two. But they find the reverence in which many hold the metal almost irrational. That it was used as money for millen
14、nia is irrelevant: it isnt any more. Modern money takes the form of paper or, more often, electronic data. To economists, gold is now just another commodity. Excerpt 3 People have always longed to possess gold. Unfortunately, this longing has also brought out the worst in the human character. The Sp
15、anish conquistadors robbed palaces, temples, and graves, and killed thousands of Indians in their ruthless search for gold. Often the only rule in young California during the days of the gold rush was exercised by the mob with a rope. Even today, the economic running of South Africas gold mines depe
16、nds largely on the employment of black laborers who are paid about 40 pounds a month, plus room and board, and who must work in conditions that can only be described as cruel. About 400 miners are killed in mine accidents in South Africa each year, or one for every two tons of gold produced. Excerpt
17、 4 Much of golds value lies in its scarcity. Only about 80,000 tons have been mined in the history of the world. All of it could be stored in a vault 60 feet square, or a supertanker. Excerpt 5 So why is its price soaring? Over the past week, this has topped $ 450 a troy ounce, up by 9% since the be
18、ginning of the year and 77% since April 2001. Ah, comes the reply, gold transactions are denominated in dollars, and the rise in the price simply reflects the dollars fall in terms of other currencies, especially the euro, against which it hit a new low this week. Expressed in euros, the gold price
19、has moved much less. However, there is no iron link, as it were, between the value of the dollar and the value of gold. A rising price of gold, like that of anything else, can reflect an increase in demand as well as a depreciation of its Unit of account. Excerpt 6 This is where gold bulls come in.
20、The fall in the dollar is important, but mainly because as a store of value the dollar stinks. With a few longish rallies, the greenback has been on a downward trend since it came off the gold standard in 1971. Now it is suffering one of its sharper declines. At the margin, extra demand has come fro
21、m those who think dollars indeed any money backed by nothing more than promises to keep inflation low a decidedly risky investment, mainly because America, with the worlds reserve currency, has been able to create and borrow so many of them. The least painful way of repaying those dollars is to make
22、 them worthless. 7 The main idea of Excerpt 1 is that_. （ A） human beings began to love gold with the emergence of civilization （ B） the ancient Egyptians valued gold for its religious importance （ C） king Midas was a person who could turn everything into gold （ D） king Tutankharnun buried a solid-g
23、old coffin 33 centuries ago 8 In economists eyes, gold is something_. （ A） that they look down upon （ B） that worth peoples reverence （ C） that can be exchanged in the market （ D） that can be replaced by other money 9 Even at present, in South Africa_. （ A） the black laborers are killed for mining g
24、old （ B） the black laborers have got rid of the control of white rulers （ C） the black laborers who mine gold are still exploited cruelly （ D） the life of the black laborers is highly improved 10 According to the author, one of the reasons for the rising of gold price is_. （ A） the increasing demand
25、 for gold （ B） the depreciation of the euro （ C） the link between the dollar and gold （ D） the increment of the value of the dollar 11 We can infer from Excerpt 6 that_. （ A） the decline of the dollar is inevitable （ B） America benefits from the depreciation of the dollar （ C） the depreciation of th
26、e dollar is good news to other currencies （ D） investment in the dollar yields more returns than that in gold 11 When they advise your kids to “get an education“ if you want to raise your income, they tell you only half the truth. What they really mean is to get just enough education to provide manp
27、ower for your society, but not too much that you prove an embarrassment to your society. Get a high school diploma, at least. Without that, you are occupationally dead, unless your name happens to be George Bernard Shaw or Thomas Alva Edison and you can successfully drop out in grade school. Get a c
28、ollege degree, if possible. With a B. A., you are on the launching pad. But now you have to start to put on the brakes. If you go for a masters degree, make sure it is an M. B. A. , and only from a first-rate university. Beyond this, the famous law of diminishing returns begins to take effect. Do yo
29、u know, for instance, that long-haul truck drivers earn more a year than full professors? Yes, the average salary in 1977 for those truckers was $ 24,000, while the full professors managed to average just $ 23,930. A Ph.D. is the highest degree you can get, but except in a few specialized fields suc
30、h as physics or chemistry, where the degree can quickly be turned to industrial or commercial purposes, you are facing a dim future. There are more Ph. D. s unemployed or underemployed in this country than in any other part of the world by far. If you become a doctor of philosophy in English or hist
31、ory or anthropology or political science or languages or worst of all in philosophy, you run the risk of becoming over-educated for our national demands. Not for our needs, mind you, but for our demands. Thousands of Ph.D.s are selling shoes, driving cabs, waiting on tables and filling out fruitless
32、 applications month after month. And then maybe taking a job in some high school or backwater college that pays much less than the janitor earns. You can equate the level of income with the level of education only so far. Far enough, that is, to make you useful to the gross national product, but not
33、 so far that nobody can turn much of a profit on you. 12 According to the writer, what the society expects of education is to turn out people who_. （ A） will not be a shame to the society （ B） will become loyal citizens （ C） can take care of themselves （ D） can meet the demands as a source of manpow
34、er 13 Many Ph.D.s are out of job because_. （ A） they are wrongly educated （ B） they are of little commercial value to the society （ C） there are fewer jobs in high schools （ D） they prefer easy jobs with more money 14 The nation is only interested in people_. （ A） with diplomas （ B） specialized in p
35、hysics and chemistry （ C） valuable to the gross national product （ D） both A and C 15 Which of the following statements is NOT true? （ A） Bernard Shaw didnt finish high school, nor did Edison. （ B） One must think carefully before going for a masters degree. （ C） The higher your educational level, th
36、e more money you will earn. （ D） If you are educated too much, youll make things difficult for the society. 16 What is the attitude of the author to the education? （ A） Education is necessary but not crucial. （ B） Higher education isnt equal to the higher income. （ C） Education works not so well as
37、technique. （ D） A Ph.D.can only work in schools or colleges. 17 If you want to get a high salary, you should_. （ A） get a higher education （ B） study MBA （ C） consider how much profit you can make （ D） consider how much profit your company can make 17 Personality is to a large extent inherent A-type
38、 parents usually bring about A-type offspring. But the environment must also have a profound effect, since if competition is important to the parents, it is likely to become a major factor in the lives of their children. One place where children soak up A-characteristics is school, which is, by its
39、very nature, a highly competitive institution. Too many schools adopt “the win at all costs“ moral standard and measure their success by achievements. The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A-typ
40、es seem in some way better than their B-type fellows. Being too keen to win can have dangerous consequences: remember that Pheidippides, the first marathon runner, dropped dead seconds after saying: “Rejoice, we conquer!“ By far the worst form of competition in schools is the disproportionate emphas
41、is on examinations. It is a rare school that allows pupils to concentrate on those things they do well. The merits of competition by examination are somewhat questionable, but competition in the certain knowledge of failure is positively harmful. Obviously, it is neither practical nor desirable that
42、 all A-youngsters change into Bs. The world needs all types, and schools have an important duty to try to fit a childs personality to his possible future employment. It is top management. If the preoccupation of schools with academic work was lessened, more time might be spent teaching children sure
43、r values. Perhaps selection for the caring professions, especially medicine could be made less by good grades in chemistry and more by such considerations as sensitivity and sympathy. It is surely a mistake to choose our doctors exclusively from A-type stock. Bs are important and should be encourage
44、d. 18 According to the passage, A-type individuals are usually_. （ A） impatient （ B） considerate （ C） aggressive （ D） agreeable 19 The author is strongly opposed to the practice of examinations at schools because_. （ A） the pressure is too great on the students （ B） some students are bound to fail （
45、 C） failure rates are too high （ D） the results of examinations are doubtful 20 The selection of medical professionals is currently based on_. （ A） candidates sensitivity （ B） competitive spirit （ C） academic achievements （ D） surer values 21 From the passage we can draw the conclusion that_. （ A） t
46、he personality of a child is well established at birth （ B） family influence dominates the shaping of ones characteristics （ C） the development of ones personality is due to multiple factors （ D） B-type characteristics can find no place in competitive society 22 The best title for this article is_.
47、（ A） Personality Acquisition （ B） Effects of Environment （ C） Competition in School （ D） Cooperation of Inherence and Environment 23 Why does the author mention Pheidippides at the end of the second paragraph? （ A） He wants to show that the education in school is not good. （ B） He wants to show the
48、brute fact of A-type personality. （ C） He wants to show that to live is better than to win. （ D） He wants to show that B type should be encouraged more. 在职申硕同等学力英语（阅读）模拟试卷 3答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension Directions: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by 5 questions or unfini
49、shed statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. 【知识模块】 阅读 1 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 本题的依据句是文章第 1段的第 1句 “was the first person to see the importance of the division of labor and to explain part of its advantages”， C项中的 understand就等于原文中的 see，因此 C项为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 2 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 本题可参照文章的第 3段。从中可知，通过劳动分工工人们能极大地提高产量。因此
