1、大学英语六级改革适用（段落翻译）模拟试卷 36及答案与解析 一、 Part Translation 1 清朝是中国的最后一个封建王朝。它由满族人（ Manchus）建立，是中国历史上第二个由非汉族人创建的统一王朝。满族人以前也被称为女真（ Jurchen），他们居住在明朝境内东北部、长城关外。在努尔哈赤（ Nurhaci）统一女真各部落并建立了一个独立的部落之后，他们成为了明朝晚期的主要威胁。满族人联合明朝的将军吴三桂打下了北京，并将其作为清朝的首都。在这之后他们继续南下剿灭（ subdue）明朝的残余 反抗势力。在满族征战中国的过程（ 16181683）中，总共造成了 2500万人丧生。 2
2、 明朝是中国历史上最后一个由汉族建立的王朝，历经十二世、十六位皇帝，国祚 276年。明朝初期明太祖朱元璋定都于南京市。 1421年由明成祖朱棣迁都至北京市。明朝是继汉唐盛世后又一个兴盛的中原王朝，也曾是手工业、经济最繁荣的国家之一。明史（ The History of Ming）认为洪武、永乐在位时期， “治隆唐宋 ”、 “远迈汉唐 ”。明朝时期，无汉唐之和亲，无两宋之岁币，天子御国门，君主死社稷，为后世子孙所敬仰。 3 年画（ New Year Painting）是中国画的一种，始于古代的门神画（ door god painting），在清朝光绪年间正式被称为年画。北宋年间，每逢过年过节家家
3、户户贴年画已成为一种风尚。木板年画历史悠久，堪称中国民间艺术宝库中的一颗明珠。木版年画，顾名思义，就是用木板印出来的年画，不但具有极高的收藏价值，而且还极具观赏性。朱仙镇木板年画和天津杨柳青、山东潍坊、江苏桃花坞年画并称中国四大年画。朱仙镇木版年画采用的是手工木刻制作，制作工艺非常地讲究。 4 在中国古代社会，官服是权力的象征 ，历来受到统治阶级的重视。因为明朝皇帝姓朱，所以官员的官服是以大红为主的（紫色从此不在官服中使用），且样式近似唐代圆领服。最有特色的是用 “补子 ”（ buzi）表示官员的品级。补子是一块约 40-50厘米的正方形丝绸材料，可织绣上不同的纹样，然后被分别缝缀在官服的胸前
4、和背后。文官的补子用飞禽，武官用走兽，分成九个等级。平常穿的圆领袍衫则凭衣服长短来区分身份，衣服长的人地位高。 5 孙权，字（ courtesy name）仲谋，今浙江富阳人。 15 岁时就开始征战沙场。他是一位善于纳贤的英杰，勇敢果断，选拔官员 的标准是唯贤任能。他大胆任用了一批年轻有为的将领，从而帮助孙权成就了一代宏图大业。孙权统治江东 50年，对开发建业和整个江南地区做出了重大贡献。他发展农业，兴修水利，疏浚（ dredge）和扩大了秦淮河水道。他还发展了航海事业，派人到夷洲（今台湾省），出使辽东半岛（ peninsula）及南海诸国，还为西域僧人建造了金陵的第一座佛寺 建初寺。 大学英
5、语六级改革适用（段落翻译）模拟试卷 36答案与解析 一、 Part Translation 1 【正确答案】 The Qing Dynasty was the last imperial dynasty in China. Founded by the Manchus, it was the second non-Han Chinese dynasty that ruled the whole country. The Manchus were formerly known as Jurchen, residing in the northeastern part of the Ming te
6、rritory outside the Great Wall. They emerged as the major threat to the late Ming Dynasty after Nurhaci had united all Jurchen tribes and established an independent one. The Manchu allied with the Ming Dynasty general Wu Sangui to seize Beijing, which was made the capital of the Qing Dynasty, and th
7、en proceeded to subdue the remaining Mings resistance in the south. 【知识模块】 段落翻译 2 【正确答案】 The Ming Dynasty is the last dynasty established by the Han Chinese in Chinese history. It had 16 emperors of 12 generations in its 276 years. Zhu Yuanzhang, founder of the Ming Dynasty, set its capital in Nanji
8、ng in the early years. Emperor Zhudi moved its capital to Beijing in 1421. The Ming Dynasty is a follow-up to the prosperous Han and Tang dynasties, when the handicraft industry and economy flourished. The History of Ming suggests that during the reign of Emperor Hongwu and Yongle, the Ming Dynasty
9、was much more developed than the Han, the Tang and the Song dynasties. The Ming Dynasty was never forced to establish marital relationships with neighboring kingdoms like Tang Dynasty, neither did it pay any tribute like the Song did. Emperors in the Ming Dynasty all dedicated to its country and are
10、 respected by their descendants. 【知识模块】 段落翻译 3 【正确答案】 New Year Painting is a kind of Chinese painting originated from ancient door god painting. In the period of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty, it was formally known as New Year Painting. In the Northern Song Dynasty, it was a trend to paste new
11、 year paintings on New Year festivals and other holidays. The wood panel new year painting has a long history. It can be called a pearl of the treasures of folk art in China. The wood panel new year paintings, as its name implies, are painted with wood panels. They not only have very high artistic v
12、alue, but also are highly ornamental. Wood panel new year paintings in Zhuxian Town, together with new year painting in Yangliuqing of Tianjin, Weifang of Shandong and Taohuawu of Jiangsu are collectively known as the four famous new year paintings in China. Wood panel new year paintings in Zhuxian
13、Town are made of hand-made wood and the production process is very demanding. 【知识模块】 段落翻译 4 【正确答案】 In ancient China, the official dress was a symbol of power, and was taken seriously by the ruling class of ages. In the Ming Dynasty, as the emperors family name was Zhu meaning red, the official dress
14、 was mostly bright red; as a result, the colour purple was no longer used as the colour for the official dress during the period. The Ming official dress looked quite similar to the round-neck dress in the Tang Dynasty. The “buzi” was the most special characteristic of the Ming official dress, which
15、 was used to show the grade of officials. The buzi was a piece of square silk about 40-50cm, which was embroidered with different flower patterns and then sewn to the front part and back part of the official dress. The buzi of the civilian was embroidered with the figure of fowls, and that of the mi
16、litary officer was embroidered with the figures of beasts, which was divided into nine grades. The ordinary round-neck gowns and robes were distinguished according to the length of the dress. The longer the clothes the higher the position. 【知识模块】 段落翻译 5 【正确答案】 Sun Quan, whose courtesy name is Zhongm
17、ou, was born in Fuyang, Zhejiang Province. Sun began to fight on the battlefield when he was only 15 years old. Later, when he became a leader, he was brave, decisive and impartial in appointing officials. As a result, a lot of young yet talented men were promoted to important position, which helped
18、 Sun a lot in building his kingdom. During his fifty years rule, Sun Quan contributed a lot to the development of Jianye (present Nanjing) and the south China as a whole by developing agriculture, building irrigation projects as well as dredging and widening the waterway of the Qinhuai River. Whats
19、more, he helped to develop Chinas navigation industry by sending off convoys to Yizhou (modern Taiwan Province), Liaodong Peninsula and some island countries around South China Sea. Under his order, the first Buddhist temple which was named Jianchu Temple was built for monks from the Western Regions. 【知识模块】 段落翻译
