1、大学英语六级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 108及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the remark “Work with, not against, nature.“ You can give examples to illustrate your point and then explain how you can work with nature. You should write at least 15
2、0 words but no more than 200 words. Section A （ A） The man does not seem to have a good sense of time. （ B） The man is a poorer driver than the woman. （ C） The man had to fix the car again for the woman. （ D） The woman often misunderstood the man. （ A） Jazz. （ B） Classical music. （ C） Rock and roll.
3、 （ D） All kinds of music. （ A） He rejected their request. （ B） He accepted their request. （ C） He agreed to consider their request. （ D） He asked them to come with the others. （ A） Impatient. （ B） Serious. （ C） Enthusiastic. （ D） Nervous. （ A） Her name is on the top of the list. （ B） She is expectin
4、g a job interview. （ C） She will be the last to be interviewed. （ D） She must fix a date for the job interview. （ A） The husband went to the hair salon with his wife. （ B） The wife is annoyed at her husbands complaint. （ C） The husband is not usually so observant. （ D） The wife is going to the haird
5、ressers. （ A） He must take a connected flight at Jacksonville. （ B） He has to change the flight at Albany. （ C） He will fly for two hours. （ D） He will fly directly to his destination. （ A） Its on time. （ B） Its crowded. （ C） Its empty. （ D） Its late. （ A） She is arrogant. （ B） She is inexperienced.
6、 （ C） She is confident. （ D） She is offensive. （ A） She was replaced by another employee. （ B） She was fired by her last boss. （ C） She couldnt find room for improvement. （ D） She couldnt make any progress in her job. （ A） She met the HR manager of her last company. （ B） She got a job from last week
7、s career fair. （ C） It was an internet career fair. （ D） It was held in the civic center downtown. （ A） Its being outdoors. （ B） She needs to deal with different people. （ C） Its sometimes dangerous to drive at night. （ D） She has to work when the weather is bad. （ A） Meeting interesting people in t
8、he city. （ B） Being able to enjoy being outdoors. （ C） Driving in unsettled weather. （ D） Taking long drives outside the city. （ A） Rather difficult to please. （ B） Rude to women drivers. （ C） Talkative and generous with tips. （ D） Different in personality. （ A） She complains a lot. （ B） She plans t
9、o quit her job. （ C） She is often criticized by her customers. （ D） She is very familiar with the city. Section B （ A） Delayed treatments. （ B） The quakes themselves. （ C） Lack of food and water. （ D） Collapse of buildings. （ A） Earthquakes may happen anywhere at anytime. （ B） The precise place and
10、time of an earthquake. （ C） Whether the majority of people know about first aid. （ D） Whether people live and work near earthquake belts. （ A） They have compared animal behaviors with humans. （ B） They knew how to avoid earthquakes. （ C） They tried many ways to decrease earthquakes. （ D） They showed
11、 increasing success in predicting earthquakes. （ A） Young people tended to do what they like. （ B） Companies preferred male workers to female. （ C） Young men got better pay than young women. （ D） Good looking people earned more than bright ones （ A） The self-assured ones. （ B） The high-income ones.
12、（ C） The average ones. （ D） The popular ones. （ A） Brighter people got better pay. （ B） Pay scales were not fair at all. （ C） Males were brighter than females. （ D） Pays depended on ones age. （ A） He has to be 40 per cent smarter. （ B） He has to work for longer time. （ C） He needs to have a better e
13、ducation. （ D） He should have something special. （ A） They can practice anywhere in America or in other countries. （ B） They need to apply in the state where they want to work. （ C） They have to get the permission from National Health. （ D） They are only allowed to work in their own country. （ A） Sh
14、e has little respect and low income. （ B） The doctor seldom relies on her reports. （ C） She has to take care of the patients until they recover. （ D） The patients believe in her judgment and advice. （ A） Discuss the patients treatment with doctors. （ B） Show too much care to the patient. （ C） Have m
15、uch freedom to give advice to the patient （ D） Tell the patient the exact results of the test. Section C 26 After decades of staring at apes, Frans de Waal has written a book about what humans see when they watch chimpanzees. These creatures stand on two legs and use arms. They live in social groups
16、, and they share more than 98 percent of their DNA with their human【 B1】 _. Humans and the great apes had a common ancestor 7 million years ago. So to stare at an ape is to see what might have been a 【 B2】 _ on the road from yesterday. And when you watch them, do you see them? Or yourself? Humans us
17、ed to define themselves as【 B3】 _ because humans used language, made tools and 【 B4】 _ culture. Then they started looking more closely. They saw that macaque monkeys in Japan learned from each other to wash the sand off their sweet potatoes before they began chewing. Chimpanzees can put the worlds【
18、B5】 _ nut onto a hard surface, pound it with a stone and finish the job by poking out tiny bits of kernel with a stick. One group of scientists in 1999 counted 39 different behavior【 B6】_ among separate groups of chimpanzees. That is, table manners and working practices differed according to geograp
19、hy. When you watch the great apes, it should be your obvious position to assume that apes【 B7】 _ humans. Who says that when a chimp looks thoughtful, it isnt thinking? De Waals chimps live in a social group. They can rate what they saw as sad or happy, and they 【 B8】 _ doing that without previous tr
20、aining. There are ways of understanding how chimps 【 B9】 _ the world. In the field, people have seen them using leaves as an umbrella or 【 B10】 _ their backsides with a piece of wood. 27 【 B1】 28 【 B2】 29 【 B3】 30 【 B4】 31 【 B5】 32 【 B6】 33 【 B7】 34 【 B8】 35 【 B9】 36 【 B10】 Section A 36 Secondhand s
21、moke is accountable for 42,000 deaths annually to nonsmokers in the United States, including nearly 900 infants, according to a new study. Altogether, annual deaths from secondhand smoke【 C1】 _nearly 600,000 years of potential life lostan average of 14.2 years per personand $6.6 billion in lost prod
22、uctivity,【 C2】_to $158,000 per death, report the researchers. The new research reveals that despite public health efforts to reduce tobacco use, secondhand smoke continues to【 C3】 _a grievous toll on nonsmokers. “In general, fewer people are smoking and many have made lifestyle changes, but our rese
23、arch shows that the impacts of secondhand smoke are【 C4】 _very large,“ said lead author Wendy Max, PhD, professor of health economics at the University of California. “The【 C5】 _of information on biomarker-measured(生 物指标测量 )exposure allows us to more accurately assess the impact of secondhand smoke
24、exposure on health and productivity. The impact is particularly great for communities of color.“ Exposure to secondhand smoke is linked to a number of【 C6】 _illnesses including heart and lung disease, as well as conditions affecting newborns such as low birth weight and respiratory distress syndrome
25、. In the research, the scientists【 C7】_the economic implicationsyears of potential life lost and the value of lost productivityon different racial and ethnic groups. “Our study probably underestimates the true economic impact of secondhand smoke on【 C8】 _,“ said Max. “The toll is substantial, with c
26、ommunities of color having the greatest【 C9】 _. Interventions need to be designed to reduce the health and economic burden of smoking on smokers and nonsmokers alike, and on particularly【 C10】 _groups.“ A)losses B)turbulent C)nonetheless D)availability E)adhering F)generalized G)take H)triumphs I)fa
27、tal J)henceforth K)mortality L)represent M)amounting N)vulnerable O)gauged 37 【 C1】 38 【 C2】 39 【 C3】 40 【 C4】 41 【 C5】 42 【 C6】 43 【 C7】 44 【 C8】 45 【 C9】 46 【 C10】 Section B 46 Wikipedias Trembling AWikipedia is dying! Wikipedia is dying! Thats the line repeated by the media every six months or so
28、 since 2009, when Spanish researcher Felipe Ortega first noticed that unprecedented numbers of volunteer editors were abandoning the sixth most popular website in the world. As the now familiar story goes, the byzantine(极其复杂的 )infrastructure behind the free, crowdsourced encyclopedia30 million artic
29、les in 287 languages, including more than 4.3 million in Englishis choking to death. Wikipedia pessimists say the site is fatally blocked by white American men who would rather describe the extreme details of a new breed of Pokemon or fervently debate the politicization of an Arabic food than guide
30、a diverse group of new editors around the world. BThe other corrosive element is the pervasive fighting by editors that sometimes supersedes(替代 )the facts. “You have to realize that there are two very different sides to Wikipedia,“ Tare, a 40-year-old IT worker from New England, told Newsweek in an
31、email. One is “the public face of Jimbo Wales and the sum of human knowledge, represented in tens of hundreds of thousands of articles, i.e. the encyclopedia proper.“ The other is “harsh and ugly,“ like “taking the red pill and waking up in the Matrix.“ CIn many ways, Wikipedia is a victim of its su
32、ccess, and the Wiki spirit upon which it was founded. The site grew quickly: more than 20,000 articles in 18 languages just one year after Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger founded it in January 2001. Two years later, Wales launched the Wikimedia Foundation to finance and run the site; the nonprofit now
33、has a staff of 187 people who develop and maintain open-content, Wiki-based products. After the site saw gigantic growth from 2004 to 2007the English-language Wikipedia had around 750,000 entries by late 2005the community created some tools to preserve quality and accuracy. Things didnt go as planne
34、d. DA study published in the American Behavioral Science Journal by former Wikimedia fellows earlier this year found that the new automated quality-control tools and bureaucratic editing guidelines “crippled the very growth they were designed to manage“ by scaring off new editors: The proportion of
35、“desirable newcomers“defined in the study as both “good-faith“ editors who try but fail to be productive and “golden“(successful)contributorsentering Wikipedia has not changed since 2006, and they are significantly more likely than their predecessors to have their first contributions rejected. The n
36、umber of editors peaked in 2007 and has been falling ever since, and its now next-to-impossible to become a high-ranking “administrator,“ editors who check entries for accuracy and fairness. EThe Wikimedia foundation disclosed in its 2011-2012 annual report that “declining participation is by far th
37、e most serious problem facing the Wikimedia projects.“ The Wikimedia fellows behind a comprehensive study led by computer scientist and University of Minnesota Ph.D. candidate Aaron Halfaker were more blunt: They suggested Wikipedia change its motto from “the encyclopedia that anyone can edit“ to “t
38、he encyclopedia that anyone who understands the norms, socializes him or herself, dodges the impersonal wall of semiautomated rejection and still wants to voluntarily contribute his or her time and energy can edit.“ FWikimedia has been working hard on this problem, but the site is still “almost enti
39、rely written by techno-Libertarian white guys in their 30s,“ said Kevin Gorman, a longtime Wikipedia editor who has done work for the Wikimedia Foundation. According to a 2011 worldwide Wikipedia Editor Survey, the typical editor is college-educated, 30 years old, and intimidatingly tech-savvy(懂行的人
40、); 91 percent of them are men. GHeadlines proclaiming Wikipedias decline are “exaggerated and wrong,“ said Andrew Lih, a journalism professor at American University and author of The Wikipedia Revolution. Even Halfaker thinks theres hope. “Im inspired by what Wikipedia has done for the accessibility
41、 and access of knowledge generally,“ he told Newsweek. “But that doesnt mean that we cant do better.“ HWikimedia Executive Director Sue Gardner told Newsweek that Wikimedia is primarily focused on fixing the infrastructure, streamlining Wikipedias weak and inscrutable(高深莫测的 )text-based editing tool
42、so that its as accessible to undergraduates and grandmas as it is to geeks(极客 ). She believes Visual Editor, currently in buggy Beta(测试 ), will do just thatas soon as it stops crashing. IShe also pointed to another pet cause: modifying the sites interface in small ways most users probably wont notic
43、e. For example, when Wikimedia realized that successful editors got their sea legs by fixing typing errors, the foundation started directing new registrants toward articles full of them. “The idea is to handhold people so theyre getting positive feedback,“ she said. According to Wikimedia, that quic
44、k fix has led to 3,000 new Wikipedians a month making their first edits. JWikimedia has also hired diversity advocates like Sarah Stierch, a longtime Wikipedia editor and gender issues campaigner. Before joining Wikimedia as a program evaluation community coordinator, Stierch held a paid Wikimedia f
45、ellowship during which she focused on gender work and taught women around the country how to edit Wikipedia. She also founded Teahouse, described on its Wikipedia page as “a friendly place to help new editors become accustomed to Wikipedia culture, ask questions, and develop community relationships.
46、“ KAdditionally, Wikimedia helps organize domestic and global education programs in which volunteer “ambassadors“ work with college professors to assign Wikipedia entries. Gardner extolled(赞扬 )the virtues of the program in Egypt, launched in spring 2012 to tackle the gender gap on the Arabic Wikiped
47、ia. It reached out to arts and languages departments, where there is a higher percentage of female students. According to Wikimedia, 87 percent of the Egyptian student-editors in the program are women, and theyve added more than 1,000 articles to the Arabic Wikipedia and have made needed edits on ma
48、ny existing articles. LGorman, the regional ambassador for the U.S. Education Program for California and Hawaii, spoke passionately of his work with professors and undergraduates. But he said the program lacks oversight(监督 ), particularly when it comes to targeting underrepresented topics, and wishe
49、s Wikimedia would consider paying ambassadors. “A lot of Wikipedians have a strong irrational fear of money,“ he said, which he believes holds back widespread progress. MGardners response: “I dont think we would ever consider paying ambassadors, because we really dont have to. Wikipedians naturally want to share. They like coaching new people.“ Gardner believes Wiki-medias initiatives will start paying off i
