1、大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 186及答案与解析 Section A 0 Unless measures are taken at once, there is a possibility that all the oceans of the world will be dead by the next century. How can this possibly happen? We have already seen that people【 C1】 _all kinds of waste products to be thrown into the sea It is almos
2、t【 C2】 _to measure how much industrial waste ends up in our oceans, but we can【 C3】 _how much oil is poured into them according to the law and against the law. It is against the law to pour oil into the sea【 C4】_to the shore, but when a ship is many miles out to the sea there are no such【 C5】 _. Est
3、imate of the amount of oil poured in European Waters【 C6】_is about 200,000 tons every year. Some people say the【 C7】 _could be ten times as high around the world. It is not only our【 C8】 _that suffer from oil pollution. Among other things, many fish now contain very high amounts of【 C9】 _substances.
4、 Next time you have fish to eat, how can you be sure that they are free from oil pollution? You cannot see the【 C10】 _and you cannot taste them, either. It is really quite a problem. Nearly all of the countries are trying hard to prevent and control oil pollution. We hope that the day will soon come
5、 when fish will be free from oil pollution. A. limitations B. seashores C. allow D. invade E. close F. poisonous G. afterwards H. agenda I. edit J. figure K. impossible L. alone M. effects N. calculate O. extensive 1 【 C1】 2 【 C2】 3 【 C3】 4 【 C4】 5 【 C5】 6 【 C6】 7 【 C7】 8 【 C8】 9 【 C9】 10 【 C10】 Sec
6、tion B 10 How Advertisement Is Done? A)When we choose a word we do more than give information; we also express our feelings about whatever were describing. Words point to facts but often link these to attitudes at the same time; they can also affect the beliefs and attitudes of other people. These t
7、wo remarks are much the same or are they? Whats the speakers feeling towards the same dog in each case? And how would the different descriptions affect the listeners? Here comes that pet. Here comes that dog. The fact that words can wOrk like this is important and valuable, for it adds a richness to
8、 our communication with one another. Advertisers make use of it in a number of ways. B)The manufacturer needs a name that will do more than just label: he wants a name that brings suitable associations as well the ideas that the word brings to the mind will help sell the product. If all were availab
9、le at the same price, which coat or suit would you choose from this range of shades Dark Tan, Brown, Mud Brown? Which of these shades of eye-show Black Diamond, Black, Coaldust? C)Because words have these associations, the advertiser is very careful about the way he describes his product and what it
10、 will do. Almost every advertisement has certain key words(sometimes, but not always, in bold or large letters, or beginning with a capital letter)that are intended to be persuasive, while at the same time appearing to be informative. Its difficult enough simply to describe what a thing is and how i
11、n words, especially in a few words, but the writers who write for the advertisements also try to include feelings, associations and attitudes. Some words seem to have been so successful in selling that the advertisers use them almost as if they were magic key to a certain sale. How often, for instan
12、ce, have you come across the word “golden“ in advertisements? D)One thing reminds us of another especially if we often see them together. These reminders(called “associations“)are sometimes more imaginary than real: for many people a robin suggests Christmas, for others silver candlesticks suggest w
13、ealth The tricks of the advertising business we have so far described are all examples of the advertiser encouraging us to associate products with those things he thinks we really want a good job, nice clothes, a sport car, a beautiful girlfriend perhaps most of all a feeling of importance. The “ima
14、ge“ of a product is based on these associations, and the advertiser often creates a “good image“ by showing us someone who uses his product and who leads the kind of life we should like to lead. We buy not just the product but the sense of importance that goes with it We drink Coca-Cola not just for
15、 the taste, but because we would like to be thought of as being as gay as the energetic people who drink it in the ads. E)In this age of moon flights, heart transplants and wonder drugs, we are all impressed by science. If an advertiser links his claim with a scientific fact, there is even a chance
16、we can be blinded by science. The question is simply whether the impressive air of the new discovery or the “man-made miracle“ is being used to help or just to deceive us. Another method of persuasion is to call up guilty feelings, for example to imply that any mother who really loves her children u
17、ses a certain product. If Mrs. Gray does not use it, she might start to think of herself as a bad mother who does not love her family. So she might go and buy that particular product, rather than go on feeling guilty. F)Some products are advertised as having a remarkable and immediate effect. We are
18、 shown the situation before using the product and this is contrasted with the situation that follows its use. Have you noticed anything about these advertisements? Taking a tablet for a headache in such advertisements can have truly remarkable results. For not only has the headache gone, the person
19、concerned has often had a new hair-do, required a new set of clothes and sometimes even moved into a more modern, better furnished house. What splendid value for a few pence! G)We are often encouraged to believe nowadays that, because someone has been successful in one field, he should be regarded a
20、s an authority in other fields. How true is this likely to be? The advertiser knows that there are certain people whom we admire because they are famous sportsmen, actors or singers, and he believes that if we discover that a certain well-known personality uses his product, we will want to use it to
21、o. This is why so many advertisements feature famous people. But does a man who is a famous sportsman know more about these things than anyone else? And does he even use the product he praises? The next time you see any advertisements which feature well-known people, consider in which of them you th
22、ink the person concerned should be regarded as an authority and those where he clearly is not. H)Another way in which an advertiser may try to make us want his product is by suggesting that most people, or the “best“ people, already use it and that we will no doubt want to follow them. How important
23、 is this when you think about it? No one likes to be inferior to others, but are we really inferior just because we have not got all the things others have? Furthermore, do we really want to be like other people? Is it really desirable to behave just like others? I)If you keep talking about somethin
24、g for long enough, finally people will pay attention to you. How many advertisements have you seen that are based on this rule? If we hear the name of a product many times a day, we are much more likely to find that this is the name that comes into our head when the shopkeeper asks “What brand?“ We
25、usually like to choose things for ourselves, but if the advertiser plants a name in our heads on this way, he has helped to make the choice for us. J)One of the ways in which an advertiser can make sure that the name of his product is heard by people far more often than he can afford to have it adve
26、rtised on television, is to write a jingle or slogan that people, especially children, will sing and repeat. In this way, some advertising slogans have become part of everyday speech and we repeat them without realizing that we are unpaid advertisers. 11 When someone is famous or successful in one f
27、ield, we tend to regard him as an authority in other fields too. 12 When people think of a robin, they will also think of Christmas. 13 If we hear the name of a product for enough times, the brand name will pop in our mind when we are asked “what brand?“ 14 Most advertisements try to write certain k
28、ey words that are persuasive and informative, including feelings, associations and attitudes. 15 When a manufacturer considers a brand name for his product, he wants it to bring suitable associations. 16 By calling up guilty feelings, the advertisement can achieve its goal of being persuasive. 17 In
29、 order to enable the name of their products to be heard by people as often as possible, advertisers would write a jingle or slogan that can be sung or repeated by people. 18 Words in the ads not only point to the fact, but can affect the beliefs and attitudes of the target audiences. 19 Some adverti
30、sement shows a remarkable and immediate effect of the product by contrasting the situation before using it and that follows its use. 20 Coca-Cola has always reminded consumers of an energetic image. Section C 20 People become quite illogical when they try to decide what can be eaten and what cannot.
31、 If you lived in the Mediterranean, for instance, you would consider octopus(章鱼 )a great delicacy(美味佳肴 ). You would not be able to understand why some people find it repulsive. On the other hand, your stomach would turn at the idea of frying potatoes in animal fat the normally accepted practice in m
32、any northern countries. The sad truth is that most of us have been brought up to eat certain foods and we stick to them all our lives. No creature has received more praise and abuse than the common garden snail. Cooked in wine, snails are a great luxury in various parts of the world. There are count
33、less people who, ever since their early years, have learned to associate snails with food. My friend, Robert, lives in a country where snails are looked down upon As his flat is in a large town, he has no garden of his own. For years he has been asking me to collect snails from my garden and take th
34、em to him. The idea never appealed to me very much, but one day, after a heavy shower, I happened to be walking in my garden when I noticed a huge number of snails taking a walk on some of my prize plants. Acting on a sudden impulse, I collected several dozen, put them in a paper bag, and took them
35、to Robert. Robert was delighted to see me and equally pleased with my little gift. I left the bag in the hall and Robert and I went into the living room where we talked for a couple of hours. I had forgotten all about the snails when Robert suddenly said that I must stay to dinner. Snails would, of
36、course, be the main dish. I did not fancy the idea and I reluctantly followed Robert out of the room. To my surprise, we saw that there were snails everywhere, they had escaped from the paper bag and had taken complete possession of the hall. I have never been able to look at a snail since then. 21
37、The word “repulsive“(Line 3, Para. 1)most probably means “_“. （ A） disgusting （ B） pleasant （ C） acceptable （ D） delicious 22 We can infer from the second paragraph that when collecting the snails, the author _. （ A） was glad that he could share them with his friend （ B） was angry because they might
38、 damage his beloved plants （ C） was excited about being able to give his friend a surprise （ D） was depressed because it was hard to extinguish them all 23 The author finds that snails _. （ A） are as delicious as octopus （ B） are disliked in his hometown （ C） are the most controversial food （ D） are
39、 as popular as fried potatoes 24 The best title of this passage might be “_“. （ A） One Mans Meat is Another Mans Poison （ B） Foods and Cultures （ C） Snail and Octopus （ D） People Are Illogical in Front of Delicacies 25 As indicated in the passage, people love different foods mainly because _. （ A） t
40、hey live in different places （ B） they learn to eat certain foods in their families （ C） they have different understandings of delicacy （ D） they are too illogical to explain 25 Imagine you went to a restaurant with a date; had a burger, paid with a credit card, and left. The next time you go there,
41、 the waiter or waitress, armed with your profile data, greets you with, “Hey Joe, how are you? Mary is over there in the seat you sat in last time. Would you like to join her for dinner again?“ Then you find out that your burger has been cooked and your drink is on the table. Forget the fact that yo
42、u are with another date and are on a diet that doesnt include burgers. Sound a little bizarre? To some, this is the restaurant equivalent of the Internet. The Nets ability to profile you through your visits to and interactions at websites provides marketers with an enormous amount of data on you som
43、e of which you may not want them to have. Are you aware that almost every time you access a website you get a “cookie“? Unfortunately, its not the Mrs. Fields type. A cookie on the Internet is a computer code sent by the site to your computer usually without your knowledge. During the entire period
44、of time that you are at the site, the cookie is collecting information about your interaction, including where you visit, how long you stay there, how frequently you return to certain pages, and even your electronic address. Fill out a survey to collect free information or samples, and marketers kno
45、w even more about you like your name, address, and any other information you provide. While this may sound scary enough, cookies arent even the latest in technology. A new system called I-librarian Alexanamed for the legendary third century B.C. library in Alexandria, Egypt does even more. While coo
46、kies track what you are doing at one site, Alexa collects data on all your Web activity, such as which sites you visit next, how long you stay there, whether you click on ads, etc. All this information is available to marketers, who use it to market more effectively to you. Not only do you not get p
47、aid for providing the information, you probably dont even know that you are giving it. 26 In the restaurant story, the author may most probably think the waiter or waitress was _. （ A） considerate （ B） polite （ C） irritating （ D） unsmart 27 The author makes up the restaurant story in order to _. （ A
48、） show the good service offered in some Web restaurants （ B） criticize some restaurants for too considerate service （ C） show the Internets ability to collect data on you （ D） prove the incredible power of the Internet 28 What can be learned about “cookie“ from the second paragraph? （ A） It was firs
49、t created by Mrs. Field. （ B） It collects information on you without your knowing it. （ C） Its some information sent to your computer about yourself. （ D） Its the latest in technology. 29 What can be learned about “Alexa“ from the second paragraph? （ A） Alexa is named after an ancient hero in Egypt. （ B） Alexa is installed in libraries. （ C） Alexa can collect all the necessary data on you. （ D） Alexa can provide more data for marketers than a cookie. 30 Which of the following wor
