1、大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 279及答案与解析 Section C 0 Divorce doesnt necessarily make adults happy. But toughing it out in an unhappy marriage until it turns around just might do, a new study says. The research identified happy and unhappy spouses, culled (选出 ) from a national database. Of the unhappy partners w
2、ho divorced, about half were happy five years later. But unhappy spouses who stuck it out often did better. About two-thirds were happy five years later. Study results contradict what seems to be common sense, says David Blankenhorn of the Institute for American Values, a think-tank on the family. T
3、he institute helped sponsor the research team based at the University of Chicago. Findings will be presented in Arlington, Va., at the “Smart Marriage“ conference, sponsored by the Coalition for Marriage, Families and Couples Education. The study looked at data on 5,232 married adults from the Natio
4、nal Survey of Families and Households. It included 645 who were unhappy. The adults in the national sample were analyzed through 13 measures of psychological well-being. Within the five years, 167 of the unhappy were divorced or separated and 478 stayed married. Divorce didnt reduce symptoms of depr
5、ession, raise self-esteem or increase a sense of mastery compared with those who stayed married, the report says. Results were controlled for factors including race, age, gender and income. Staying married did not tend to trap unhappy spouses in violent relationships. What helped the unhappy married
6、 turn things around? To supplement the formal study data, the research team asked professional firms to recruit focus groups totaling 55 adults who were “marriage survivors“. All had moved from unhappy to happy marriages. These 55 once-discontented married felt their unions got better via one of thr
7、ee routes, the report says: Marital endurance. “With time, job situations improved, children got older or better, or chronic ongoing problems got put into new perspective.“ Partners did not work on their marriages. Marital work. Spouses actively worked “to solve problems, change behavior or improve
8、communication“. Personal change. Partners found “alternative ways to improve their own happiness and build a good and happy life despite a mediocre marriage.“ In effect, the unhappy partner changed. 1 According to David Blankenhorn, people commonly believe that_. （ A） divorce is a better solution to
9、 an unhappy marriage than staying together （ B） divorce is not necessarily the only solution to an unhappy marriage （ C） keeping an unhappy marriage needs much courage and endurance （ D） to end an unhappy marriage or not is a tough decision for the spouses 2 Which of the following is true about the
10、research under discussion? （ A） It was conducted by the Institute for the American Values headed by David Blankenhorn. （ B） It was sponsored by the Coalition for Marriage, Families and Couples Education. （ C） Its subjects were chosen from a national database based at the University of Chicago. （ D）
11、Its report will be included in the schedule of the “Smart Marriage“ conference. 3 The 13 measures of psychological well-being are used to _. （ A） serve as the standards for choosing the subjects of the research （ B） serve as the ways to help adults to get over their unhappy marriage （ C） examine all
12、 the 5,232 married adults （ D） examine all the adults in the database 4 The authors attitude towards divorce may best be described as “_“. （ A） critical （ B） impersonal （ C） arbitrary （ D） scornful 5 According to the report, those unhappily-wedded may not survive their marriage by_. （ A） waiting for
13、 the living conditions to get improved （ B） achieving childrens understanding （ C） changing their own attitude towards mediocre marriages （ D） working on their problems and strengthening communication 5 Did you know that all human beings have a “comfort zone“ regulating the distance they stand from
14、someone when they talk? This distance varies in interesting ways among people of different cultures. Greeks, others of the Eastern Mediterranean, and many of those from South America normally stand quite close together when they talk, often moving their faces even closer as they warm up in a convers
15、ation. North Americans find this awkward and often back away a few inches. Studies have found that they tend to feel most comfortable at about 12 inches apart. In much of Asia and Africa, there is even more space between two speakers in conversation. This greater space subtly lends an air of dignity
16、 and respect. This manner of space is nearly always unconscious, but it is interesting to observe. This difference applies also to the closeness with which people sit together, the extent to which they lean over one another in conversation, how they move as they argue or make an emphatic point. In t
17、he United States, for example, people try to keep their bodies apart even in a crowded elevator, in Paris they take it as it comes. Although North Americans have a relatively wide “comfort zone“ for talking, they communicate a great deal with their hands not only with gesture but also with touch. Th
18、ey put a sympathetic hand on a persons shoulder to demonstrate warmth of feeling or an arm around him in sympathy; they nudge a man in the ribs to emphasize a funny joke; or they pat an arm in reassurance. To many people especially those from Asia or the Moslem countries such bodily contact is unwel
19、come, especially if inadvertently (不注意地 ) done with the left hand. (The left hand carries no special significance in the U.S. Many Americans are simply left-handed and use that hand more.) 6 What would most probably happen when a Greek meets a North American? （ A） The Greek keeps 12 inches apart fro
20、m the North American. （ B） The Greek can keep comfortable distance with the North American. （ C） The North American accepts the Greek distance when they become friends. （ D） The North American keeps backing away while the Greek keeps moving closer. 7 For Asians, the “comfort zone“ _. （ A） is based o
21、n subconsciousness （ B） implies self-esteem （ C） is determined by social customs （ D） varies in accordance with social status 8 Which of the following statements is true about the people in the United States? （ A） They tend to keep the bodily space unconsciously. （ B） Their sense of distance has not
22、hing to do with dignity or respect. （ C） They avoid any bodily contact in communicating. （ D） Their communication cannot be carried out without hand gesture. 9 It can be inferred from the passage that the Frenchmen prefer_. （ A） to move closer when they want to emphasize a point （ B） to use more bod
23、y language to interact with others （ C） to sit farther apart when they talk in a large room （ D） to take it pleasant to have bodily contact in an elevator 10 Touching with the left hand is regarded as _ in the Muslem countries. （ A） a meaningless gesture （ B） an offending action （ C） an unintentiona
24、l mistake （ D） a badly-intentioned joke 10 In a step that should help make the Internet safer for consumers, anti-virus giant Symantec on Wednesday will introduce a protection system designed to anticipate new ill-meaning programs that try to steal onto your computer. For decades, anti-virus protect
25、ion has worked by reacting to new ill-meaning programs. Researchers rush to identify bad code, then create and distribute filters for it. But cybercriminals have got so fast at escaping the latest filters that protection often comes too late. Symantecs new system, called Quorum, continuously predict
26、s whether any new program that attempts to run on your PC is good or bad. It then takes steps to isolate the bad code. “Were closing a major gap the bad guys have been using to deliver their ill-meaning software,“ says Rowan Trollope, senior vice president of consumer products. Symantec becomes the
27、fourth major anti-virus firm and the largest to add predictive capabilities to traditional reactive anti-virus systems. Since February, McAfee, Panda Security and Trend Micro have introduced similar predictive technologies. Computer infections most often spread when a PC user clicks on an altered We
28、b link that arrives in an e-mail or social-network message, or appears in search results for questions on Google, Bing and Yahoo Search. Whats more, millions of lawful Web pages unknowingly altered by hackers can also infect a PC during a page visit. Cybercriminals use infected PCs to spread junk e-
29、mails, steal data and hijack online banking accounts. Infections can change hourly, forcing anti-virus firms to create and deliver thousands of filters each day. “The amount of ill-meaning software produced today has required all of us to change the approach we take in combating it,“ says Trend Micr
30、o senior manager Jon Clay. Trend began offering predictive protection to business customers in May. A consumer version is due next year. “There is a natural evolution taking place,“ says Mike Gallagher, chief technology officer for McAfee, which rolled out its Artemis system for consumers and busine
31、sses in February. Symantec introduces Quorum in its new Norton Internet Security 2010 system for consumers priced at $70 for a one-year subscription; McAfees consumer subscription is priced similarly. Panda Securitys free consumer version of its Panda Cloud anti-virus product has been out since Apri
32、l. 11 In the past decades, anti-virus protection hasnt worked effectively because _. （ A） researchers didnt create filters in time （ B） filters were soon escaped by cybercriminals （ C） ill-meaning programs were too complex （ D） cybercriminals were smarter than researchers 12 How does Quorum protect
33、your computer? （ A） It continuously updates the anti-virus database in your computer. （ B） It reacts to the ill-meaning programs once they run on your computer. （ C） It evaluates every new program before it can run on your computer. （ D） It automatically refuses unfamiliar software to run on your co
34、mputer. 13 Computers are usually infected by connecting to _. （ A） e-mail boxes or social-network messages （ B） search engines of Google, Bing and Yahoo （ C） lawful web pages （ D） spoiled web links 14 According to Jon Clay, there are so many ill-meaning programs every day that _. （ A） anti-virus fir
35、ms should work more willingly （ B） anti-virus firms should speed up their research （ C） filters should be predictive instead of reactive （ D） filters should be delivered hourly instead of daily 15 What company is the last one to add predictive capacities to its anti-virus product? （ A） Symantec. （ B
36、） McAfee. （ C） Trend Micro （ D） Panda Security. 15 Henry III didnt know much about biology. He went through six wives back in the 1500s, looking for one who could bear him a son. Scientists now know that its the fathers sperm, not the mothers egg, which determines whether a baby is a boy or a girl.
37、And last week researchers at the Genetics and IVF Institute, a private fertility (生育能力 ) center in Virginia, announced a new technique that will allow parents to choose the sex of their baby-to-be, before it has even been conceived. The scientist used a tiny laser detector to measure the DNA in mill
38、ions of sperm cells as they pass single file through a narrow tube, like cattle being herded through a corral (牲口栏 ). In a study published last week, “girl sperm,“ which has more DNA the genetic material in each cell, was collected, while “boy sperm“ was discarded. And when purified girl sperm was u
39、sed to impregnate (使受孕 ) a group of mothers, 15 of 17 resulting babies turned out to be girls. The researchers say that “sex selection“ can also double a mothers chance of having a son and can be used to avoid genetic diseases that affect only one gender, such as hemophilia (血友病 ). But some experts,
40、 like New York University fertility specialist Dr. Jamie Grifo, worry that sex selection could lead to a kind of in uteri (子宫 ) discrimination, especially in cultures where sons are considered superior to daughters. “Its valuing one gender over another,“ Grifo says. “I dont think thats something we
41、should be doing.“ So far, patients at the institute have been asking for both boys and girls, in order to “balance“ their families. And some ethics experts say thats fine, as long as parents are just looking for a little gender variety. “If you have three boys, and you want a girl,“ says University
42、of Texas reproductive-law professor John Robertson, “thats not gender bias at all.“ 16 The DNAin the sperm cells can be measured _. （ A） in the same way how the cattle are herded （ B） when they pass through a tube one behind the other （ C） after they pass through a laser tube （ D） when they are scan
43、ned by a laser detector all at a time 17 The gender of the baby is decided by_. （ A） the fathers DNA （ B） the mothers DNA （ C） the fathers sperm （ D） the mothers egg 18 According to this passage, the practice of “sex selection“ _. （ A） can help to prevent all genetic problems （ B） is totally unaccep
44、table to ethics experts （ C） was already realized five hundred years ago （ D） will benefit families with certain inheritable diseases 19 Girl sperm was preferred to boy sperm in the research most probably because _. （ A） girl sperm contains more genetic material （ B） more mothers want to have girl b
45、abies （ C） girl sperm is healthier and more active （ D） girl sperm is more easily purified 20 It can be concluded from the passage that the authors attitude toward “sex selection“ is _. （ A） negative （ B） positive （ C） neutral （ D） favorable 大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 279答案与解析 Section C 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 1 【正确答案】
46、 A 【试题解析】 根据第 2段第 5句首先可以推断人们普遍的观点与研究结果相反。第 2段开头四句表明坚持不离婚的人最终的情况会变得比离婚的人好，与此相反的观点即为：人们通常认为离婚比坚持不离婚好，因此选项 A为本题答案。选项B是本文的主题，研究的结果也支持这个说法，而人们普遍的看法应与此相反；C、 D的内容作者在本文未有涉及。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 2 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 第 2段末句表明 “智慧婚姻 ”会议的内容包括宣读研究结果，由此可见，选项 D是对第 2段末句的近义改写。第 2段第 6句表明选项 A中提到的研究所赞助该研究 (由此知 B不正确 )，并非开展该研究，而且原文
47、也没有表明 David Blankenhorn是该研究所的领导，故 A不正确； database在第 2段首句提到， the University of Chicago在第 6句提到，它们之间并没有关系，选项 C也不对。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 3 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 第 3段第 3句中的 The adults in the national sample指的就是已被抽样出来的受试者，即第 3段首句提到过的 5,232 married adults，因此本题答案为选项 C。此句表明在分析样本之前，这些样本 (即受试者 )是已选定了的，故 A显然不对； B文中未提及；而 D中 all
48、 the adults显然扩大了测试对象的范围，本文只关注婚姻中的成年人。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 4 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 首段的结构就像新闻报道的结构，将信息的来源放在了段末，指出本文将要介绍一项新研究的结果，其他段落的首句都含有 research， study或report等词，表明本文作者只是客观地转述研究的过程和结果，没有发表自己的见解，因此 B正确。虽然本文显示，在遇到不快乐的婚姻的时候，离婚并不一定使人快乐，但不能因此说作者对离婚抱着 “批评 ”或 “鄙视 ”的态度，因为本文主要介绍了一项研究及其结果，因此选项 A和 D都不正确；作者引用了研究中的很多数据，而且客观地陈
49、述了研究的结果，对有关 divorce的任何结论都来自于那项研究，并没有武断地妄下结论，因此选项 C也不正确。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 5 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 选项 B在原文没有提及，虽然倒数第 3段第 2句也提到了有关children的信息，但从该句不能推断出与 understanding有关的任何信息，因此 B符合本题题意。选项 A概括了改善婚姻的第 1条途径；选项 D是第 2条途径；而选项 C是第 3条途径。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 6 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 第 2段首句提到希腊人喜欢保持近距离，第 2句提到北美人不喜欢这种近距离，由此可推断，当这两国人见面的时候，希腊人总是想靠近，而北美人总是想退后以保持距离，因此选项 D是正确的推断 。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 7 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 选项 B是对第 2段倒数第 2句中的 lends an air of dignity的近义改写，为本题答案。第 2段末句中的 unconscious(无意识的 )与选项 A中的subconsciousness(潜意识 )并非同义，
