1、大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 87及答案与解析 Section C 0 The common cold is the world s most widespread illness, which is plagues(疫病 )that flesh receives. The most widespread fallacy of all is that colds caused by cold. They are not. They are caused by viruses passing on from person to person. You catch a cold by co
2、ming into contact, directly or indirectly, with someone who already has one. If cold causes colds, it would be reasonable to expect the Eskimos to suffer from them forever. But they do not. And in isolated arctic regions explorers have reported being free from colds until coming into contact again w
3、ith infected people from the outside world by way of packages and mail dropped from airplanes. During the First World War soldiers who spent long periods in the trenches, cold and wet, showed no increased tendency to catch colds. In the Second World War prisoners at the notorious Auschwitz concentra
4、tion camp, naked and starving, were astonished to find that they seldom had colds. At the Common Cold Research Unit in England, volunteers took part in Experiments in which they gave themselves to the discomforts of being cold and wet for long stretches of time. After taking hot baths, they put on b
5、athing suits, allowed themselves to be with cold water, and then stood about dripping wet in drafty room. Some wore wet socks all day while others exercised in the rain until close to exhaustion. Not one of the volunteers came down with a cold unless a cold virus was actually dropped in his nose. If
6、, then, cold and wet have nothing to do with catching colds, why are they more frequent in the winter? Despite the most pains-taking research, no one has yet found the answer. One explanation offered by scientists is that people tend to stay together indoors more in cold weather than at other times,
7、 and this makes it easier for cold viruses to be passed on. No one has yet found a cure for the cold. There are drugs and pain suppressors(止痛片 )such as aspirin, but all they do is relieve the symptoms. 1 The author cites the Eskimos not suffering from common colds forever to indicate_. （ A） common c
8、olds are more severe than other plagues （ B） viruses passing from person to person are the factors causing common colds （ C） common colds are full of myth （ D） the idea that cold leads to colds 2 Which of the following does not agree with the passage? （ A） The Eskimos do not suffer from colds all th
9、e time. （ B） Colds are not caused by cold. （ C） People suffer from colds just because they like to stay indoors. （ D） A person may catch a cold by touching someone who already has one. 3 Arctic explorers may catch colds when_. （ A） they are working in the isolated arctic regions （ B） they are writin
10、g reports in terribly cold weather （ C） they are free from work in the isolated arctic regions （ D） they are coming into touch again with the outside world 4 Volunteers taking part in the experiments in the Common Cold Research Unit_. （ A） all suffered from cold and wet （ B） never caught colds （ C）
11、caught colds easily （ D） all caught colds because of the harsh environment 5 The passage mainly discusses_. （ A） the experiments on the common cold （ B） the cures about the common cold （ C） why and how people catch colds （ D） the continued spread of common colds 5 New research has found that those w
12、ho work 11-hour days or more increase their chance of a heart attack by two thirds. If youre about to embark on your usual 12-hour day at the office, you might want to pause a while a few hours, actually. A study has found that those who spend more than 11 hours at work increase their chance of havi
13、ng a heart attack by two thirds. The team from University College London looked at more than 7,000 civil servants working in Whitehall over a period of 11 years and established how many hours they worked on average a day. They also collected information including the condition of their heart from me
14、dical records and health checks. Over the period, a total of 192 had suffered a heart attack. Then the study was published in the journal Annals of Internal Medicine, reporting that those who worked more than 11 hours a day were 67 percent more likely to have one than those who had a “nine to five“
15、job. Professor Mika Kivimki, who led the study, said: “We have shown that working long days is associated with a remarkable increase in risk of heart disease. Considering that including a measurement of working hours in a GP interview is so simple and useful, our research presents a strong case that
16、 it should become standard practice. This new information should help improve decisions regarding medication for heart disease.“ “It could also be a wake-up call for people who over-work themselves, especially if they already have other risk factors,“ Professor Kivimki added. Around 2.6 million Brit
17、ons have heart disease, where the organ s blood supply is blocked by the build-up of fatty deposits in the coronary arteries(冠状动脉 ). It is the nations biggest killer, claiming 101,000 lives in this country every year. Heart attacks occur when a coronary artery becomes completely blocked; if the bloo
18、d supply is not restored, the section of the heart being supplied by the artery will die. 6 Scientists who take part in the experiment use some methods to get results EXCEPT_. （ A） data collection （ B） medical check （ C） sample observation （ D） questionnaire 7 What is true about the study? （ A） The
19、findings of the study have not been published. （ B） The experiment was conducted in University College London. （ C） People who work longer hours have a higher risk of heart disease. （ D） The civil servants have worked for over 11 years. 8 According to the passage, what is Professor Kivimki s view on
20、 his study? （ A） He remains modest about the result of his study. （ B） The study will provide some useful information for the medical field. （ C） The study is perfect that no further research is needed. （ D） Longer working hours is a heart attack causing factor that no one noticed before. 9 What is
21、NOT true about the heart attack? （ A） The fatty deposits which blocked cause the heart attack. （ B） The coronary arteries are blocked. （ C） Once theblood supply restored, the section of the heart being supplied will work again （ D） When heart attack occurs, the blood cannot go through the vessel. 10
22、 The passage mainly discusses_. （ A） how does the heart attacks occur （ B） the experiment on heart disease （ C） more and more people are suffering from heart attack （ D） long time working increases the risk of heart disease 10 With 10,600 bicycles in circulation, Paris city officials are hoping the
23、program will provide people with more environmentally friendly transportation. It seems both Parisians and tourists are taking advantage of the program. Since its launch a little over two weeks ago, Velib has already seen almost half a million rentals. And, with the addition of 10,000 more bikes and
24、 700 more stations in the next 12 months, city officials expect at least 200,000 regular users by year end. Parisian Olivier Bioret has already gone for a spin on one of Velib s vehicles and plans to make use of them more often. “Its a real pleasure when, like me, you dont have space enough in your
25、flat to have your own bike to be able to discover, to cross Paris and not have to take the subway,“ he said. As a socialist and longtime green activist, Mayor Bertrand Delanoe regards Velib as just a part of his plan to reduce car traffic and, thus, lower pollution by 2020. Apart from its environmen
26、tal benefits, Velib is also being praised as a way of collecting money for the city, for all the money from rentals goes to the city government. Paris is not alone in its attempt to profit from the power of the bicycles. Across the globe, cities such as Barcelona, which stated its bike-share program
27、 in March with 1,500 vehicles and 100 stations, and New York, which launched a five-day trial program last month, are using bicycles as a way to cut back on both traffic and pollution. However, it remains to be seen whether people s acceptance of these programs is simply a passing fashion or whether
28、 this movement has the power to take root and transform the face of public transportation around the world. 11 The real purpose of Velib is_. （ A） to help people save money and space （ B） to make some money for the city government （ C） to provide convenience to both Parisians and tourists （ D） to re
29、duce traffic and pollution in the city 12 According to the passage, what is TRUE about the program? （ A） In this program, people rent bicycles. （ B） People will abandon it after 12 months novelty. （ C） It merely contributes to the environment. （ D） It is exclusive to local residents. 13 Which of the
30、 following is TRUE according to the passage? （ A） There will be 700 stations in one years time. （ B） There will be over 20,000 bikes in use in a year. （ C） In the first two weeks there were nearly a million rentals. （ D） There will be 200,000 regular rentals each day by year end. 14 We can know from
31、 the passage that_. （ A） Cities in other countries also have such programs （ B） Parisians can use the bicycles free of charge （ C） Paris sets an example to many other cities （ D） Paris is the first city to start such a program 15 As to the future of the program, the author is_. （ A） critical （ B） op
32、timistic （ C） uncertain （ D） negative 15 Tall men are more likely to have children than their vertically challenged friends because women find height attractive, a new study shows. The preference may be putting evolutionary pressure on men, even today. In an earlier study, evolutionary psychologist
33、Robin Dunbar of the University of Liverpool decided to find out which attributes men and women like in their partners. He noticed that men only put their height in their ads if they are tall. “Men never say I m a 5-foot-2 Danny DeVito look-alike,“ says Dunbar. “You only advertise things that are adv
34、antageous.“ If tall men are truly more attractive to women, Dunbar reasoned, they might have more children than short men. To test this, he teamed up with two colleagues in the Polish city of Wroclaw. Together they examined the medical records of more than 4,400 healthy men aged 25 to 60 who were gi
35、ven compulsory medical examinations in Wroclaw between 1983 and 1989. The team noted the mens heights and whether they had children. They then adjusted the figures to account for factors such as the trend for people to be taller the more recently they were born, due to improving diet and healthcare.
36、 The results showed childless men were on average significantly shorter than men with one or more children. This confirms that women prefer taller men, says Dunbar. And the finding was backed by another feature of the Wroclaw men: bachelors were shorter than their married counterparts. There may be
37、several reasons why women prefer tall men. Society generally associates lofty men with wealth, success and good health. But the fact that the effect is so prominent suggests to Dunbar that the preference is indeed programmed into women s genes. This might date back to a time when tall men in hunting
38、 societies were stronger and genetically, better equipped for the struggle to survive. Dunbar hopes his study will persuade scientists that sexual selection influences behavior. “In the social sciences, people seem very reluctant to believe that evolutionary principles guide human behavior at all. I
39、t must help to turn the tide.“ “Its an interesting study that suggests many more questions,“ says Robert Barton, an evolutionary biologist at the University of Durham. For example, does the same effect occur in different cultures? Other research suggests extreme height is unattractive to women, whic
40、h may explain why evolution has not stretched the height gap between the sexes further. “Clearly, something has limited that process,“ Barton says. 16 According to the passage, we can obtain that_. （ A） short men are more attractive to most women （ B） tall men thought their height is their advantage
41、 （ C） short men tend to not advertise themselves （ D） women only pay attention to the heights in men s advertisements 17 What is the purpose of Robin Dunbars study in Wroclaw? （ A） To help the medical world to advance. （ B） To find out why some men choose to remain single. （ C） To see whether tall m
42、en are really more likely to have children. （ D） To see what factors enable men to be taller today. 18 Dunbar mentioned his finding “bachelors in Wroclaw were shorter than their married counterparts“ to prove that_. （ A） shorter men don t like to attract women （ B） shorter men are out of the sight o
43、f women （ C） shorter men don t like to have children （ D） shorter men are less attractive to women 19 According to Robin Dunbar s theory, women prefer tall men because_. （ A） tallness is generally associated with wealth, success and health （ B） taller men have better chance to survive （ C） taller me
44、n live longer than the shorter men （ D） tall men have better genes 20 The best title for this passage is_. （ A） Height And Attractiveness （ B） Comparison Between Tall Men And Short Men （ C） The Higher, the Better （ D） Tall Men Are Wealthier 大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试 卷 87答案与解析 Section C 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 1 【正确答案】
45、B 【试题解析】 细节题。题目考查的是对细节的推断。文章第二段说到，对于感冒，最普遍的谬论是感冒是由寒冷引起的，后面说感冒是由人与人之间传播的病毒导致的， “Ifcold causes colds it would be reasonable to expect the Eskimos to suffer from themforever ”可推断，作者的意思是，如果寒冷可以造成感冒，那一直忍受寒冷的爱斯基摩人 一定会一直都在感冒。即用这个例子验证寒冷不会引起感冒感冒是由病毒的传播所导致。故选 B。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 2 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 细节题。爱斯基摩人不会一直感冒，且
46、感冒不是由寒冷引起的，故A、 B与文章相符。文章第二段提到生活在北极圈与世隔绝的人们一直都不会得感冒直到他们与感染了感冒病毒的人接触。故可知 D与文章相符。对于 C，作者在倒数第二段中说冬天感冒人多的原因是冬天人们更愿意一起待在屋里，这样感冒病毒很容易在人与人之间传播，而单纯地待在屋里不会得感冒，故 C错误。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 3 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 细节题。根据第二段结尾。 “And in isolated arctic regions explorers havereported being free from colds until coming into contac
47、t again with infected people fromthe outside world by way of packages and mail dropped from airplanes ”可知他们只 会在与外界感染感冒的人相接触才会被感染。故选 D。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 4 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 细节题。本题的考点在第四段，根据描述，这些志愿者在洗完热水澡后，穿上泳衣，在自己身上浇凉水，然后站在通风的房间里，还有些人穿着湿袜子，站在雨中，以检测他们会不会得感冒。结果证明所有人都没有得感冒，直到他们接触了病毒。故 B、 C、 D错误，只有 A正确。 【知识模块】
48、仔细阅读 5 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 本题考查对文章主旨大意的掌握。通读文章。作者一直在谈人们为什么 会得感冒和得感冒的途径，故 C正确。 A只说到了实验，不全面。 B和 D文章没有提及。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 6 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 细节题。在第二段中，作者先后提到了观察、数据采集、医学检查等，而 questionnaire不包括在研究范围中，故选 D。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 7 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 细节题。在第二段中，作者说到， “the study was published in the journalAnnals of In
49、ternal Medicine”，与 A相反。 “the team from University College Londonlooked at more than 7,000 civil servants working in Whitehall”， B中，实验不是在这里做的，而是来自这里的研究员做的。由 “looked at more than 7， 000 civil servantsworking in Whitehall over a period of 11 years”。可知是研究员观察这些公务员 11年，而不是公务员在白宫工作了 11年， D错误。故选 C。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 8 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 细节题。由第三段，在 “Considering that including a measurement of workinghours in a GP interview is so simple and useful our research presents a strong case that itshould become standard
