1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 580及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay about Cross-Campus Selective Courses. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:1上图所示为 2002年和 2005年某高校学生跨校选修课的情况，请描述其变化 2请说明发生变化的原因 3你认为目前高校学生跨校选修课
2、还有哪些困难和问题 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given
3、in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 You Are What You Think Do you see the glass as half-full rather than half-empty? Do you keep your eye upon the dough-nut(油炸圈饼 ), not upon
4、 the hole? Suddenly these cliches(陈词滥调 )are scientific questions, as researchers scrutinize the power of positive thinking. A fast-growing body of research104 studies so far, involving some 15,000 peopleis proving that optimism can help you to be happier, healthier and more successful. Pessimism lea
5、ds, by contrast, to hopelessness, sickness and failure, and is linked to depression, loneliness and painful shyness. “If we could teach people to think more positively,“ says psychologist Craig A. Anderson of Rice University in Houston, “it would be like inoculating(接种 )them against these mental ill
6、s.“ 1. Influence on their abilities “Your abilities count,“ explains psychologist Michael F. Scheier of Carnegie-Mellon University in Pittsburgh, “but the belief that you can succeed affects whether or not you will.“ In part, thats because optimists and pessimists deal with the same challenges and d
7、isappointments in very different ways. Take, for example, your job. In a major study, psychologist Martin E.P. Seligman of the University of Pennsylvania and colleague Peter Schulman surveyed sales representatives at the Metropolitan Life Insurance Co. They found that the positive thinkers among lon
8、g-time representatives, sold 37 percent more insurance than did the negative thinkers. Of newly hired representatives, optimists sold 20 percent more. Impressed, the company hired 100 people who had failed the standard industry test but had scored high on optimism. These people who might never have
9、been hired, sold 10 percent more insurance than did the average representatives. How did they do it? The secret to an optimists success, according to Seligman, is in his “explanatory style“. When things go wrong the pessimist tends to blame himself. “Im no good at this,“ he says, “I always fail.“ Th
10、e optimist looks for other explanations. He blames the weather, the phone connection, even the other person. That customer was in a bad mood, he thinks. When things go right, the optimist takes credit while the pessimist thinks success is due to luck. Negative or positive, it was a self-fulfilling p
11、rophecy(预言能力 ). “If people feel hopeless,“ says Anderson, “they dont bother to acquire the skills they need to succeed.“ A sense of control, according to Anderson, is the real test for success. The optimist feels in control of his own life. If things are going badly, he acts quickly, looking for sol
12、utions, forming a new plan of action, and reaching out for advice. The pessimist feels like a toy of fate and moves slowly. He doesnt seek advice, since he assumes nothing can be done. 2. Influence on their health Optimists may think they are better than the facts would justifyand sometimes thats wh
13、at keeps them from getting sick. In a long-term study, researchers examined the health histories of a group of Harvard graduates, all of whom were in the top half of their class and in fine physical conditions. Yet some were positive thinkers, and some negative. 20 years later, there were more middl
14、e-age diseases among the pessimists than the optimists. Many studies suggest that the pessimists feeling of helplessness undermines the bodys natural defenses, the immune system. Dr. Christopher Peterson of the University of Michigan has found that the pessimist doesnt take good care of himself. Fee
15、ling passive and unable to avoid lifes blows, he expects ill health and other misfortunes, no matter what he does. He eats unhealthy food, avoids exercise, ignores the doctor, has another drink. 3. What underlines pessimism and optimism? Most people are a mix of optimism and pessimism, but are incli
16、ned in one direction or the other. It is a pattern of thinking learned from early childhood, says Seligman. It grows out of thousands of cautions or encouragement, negative statements or positive ones. Too many “donts“ and warnings of danger can make a child feel incompetent, fearfuland pessimistic.
17、 As they grow, children experience small triumphs, such as learning to tie shoelaces(鞋带 ). Parents can help turn these successes into a sense of control, and that breeds optimism. 4. Changing from a pessimist to an optimist Pessimism is a hard habit to breakbut it can be done. In a series of studies
18、, Dr. Carol Dweek of the University of Illinois has been working with children in the early grades of school. As she helps students to change the explanations for their failuresfrom “I must be dumb“ to “I didnt study hard enough“, their academic performance improves. So, if youre a pessimist, theres
19、 reason for optimism. You can change. Heres how, says Steve Hollon, a psychologist at Vanderbilt University: 1. Pay careful attention to your thoughts when bad things happen. Write down the first thing that comes to mind, without any changes or corrections. 2. Now try an experiment. Do something tha
20、ts contrary to any negative reactions. Lets say something has gone wrong at work. Do you think, I hate my job, but I could never get a better one? Act as if that werent so. Send out resumes. Go to interviews. Look into training and check job information. 3. Keep track of what happens. Were your firs
21、t thoughts right or wrong? “If your thoughts are holding you back, change them,“ says Hollon. “Its trial and error, no guarantees, but give yourself a chance.“ Positive thinking leads to positive actionand reaction. What you expect from the world, the evidence suggests, is what youre likely to get.
22、2 The passage summarizes the positive effects of optimism. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 Optimists and pessimists differ in their focus when they look at the same thing. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 Optimists do not blame themselves when things go wrong. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 Pessimism weakens mental ability
23、 as well as physical health. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 Most people are half optimists and half pessimists. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 7 Parents play very important roles in the shaping of childrens characters. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 8 Every pessimist can overcome pessimism. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 9 According
24、 to Seligman, the secret to an optimists success is in _. 10 Anderson believes that the real test for success is a _. 11 If you want to change yourself from a pessimist into an optimist, the first thing you should do is _ to your thoughts when bad things happen. Section A Directions: In this section
25、, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the f
26、our choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） They are very rewarding. （ B） They are too time-consuming. （ C） They are not helpful at all. （ D） They are too troublesome. （ A） On holiday. （ B） On business. （ C） The great lakes. （ D） In the office. （ A） The figures are no
27、t as accurate as she expects. （ B） The sales of the year are satisfactory. （ C） The figures are probably not accurate. （ D） The sales of the year are unsatisfactory. （ A） In April. （ B） In May. （ C） In July. （ D） Not decided yet. （ A） The loss of the store. （ B） The possible harm to the people nearb
28、y. （ C） The punishment to the crazy man. （ D） The reason for the crazy action. （ A） She is going to give up biology. （ B） She spends half of her time on biology. （ C） To her, biology is difficult, but math is not. （ D） To her, math is even more difficult than biology. （ A） It rained for a short whil
29、e. （ B） There was a car accident. （ C） There was a fire. （ D） It snowed heavily. （ A） Bill is a punctual person. （ B） Bill will come on time tonight. （ C） Bill will be late as usual. （ D） Bill wont come at all. （ A） Giving a lecture. （ B） Discussing political science. （ C） Working on a science probl
30、em. （ D） Reading twentieth-century literature. （ A） Telling jokes. （ B） Falling asleep during class. （ C） Staying late after class. （ D） Eating in the cafeteria. （ A） They complete all their assignments. （ B） They study hard for his tests. （ C） They compete for the best seats in the class. （ D） They
31、 read all his books. （ A） To convince him to go on a canoe trip. （ B） To invite him to a cookout. （ C） To ask if she can borrow his car. （ D） To tell him about a trip she took. （ A） A lunch. （ B） A sleeping bag. （ C） A canoe. （ D） A tent. （ A） Swimming. （ B） Driving. （ C） Sleeping outdoors. （ D） Can
32、oeing. （ A） To find out whether he wants to go canoeing. （ B） To tell him whether her car is repaired. （ C） To find out what kind of food he is bringing. （ D） To tell him what time they are leaving. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, yo
33、u will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） Space Travel. （ B） Problems of Astronauts. （ C） Water Pollution. （ D） The Spaceship Earth. （ A） The pre
34、sent population on earth is fourteen billion. （ B） Water is recycled every seventy million years. （ C） The planet earth travels around the sun at 18 miles per second. （ D） The earth is compared to a spaceship because they both travel around the sun. （ A） Someday human beings will be able to live on
35、a spaceship. （ B） Space travel will cause pollution to other planets. （ C） Man must stop abusing the environment in order to have a better future. （ D） The spaceship Earth can not make a trip to the moon when its supplies are used up. （ A） The birthday of some ancient people. （ B） The birthday of Je
36、sus Christ. （ C） Ancient festivals. （ D） Some modem days. （ A） There are only two types of dances in Europe to celebrate the festivals. （ B） Combat dances are usually held to celebrate the battle between the old year and the new. （ C） Australia is a country where there are ghosts and witches. （ D） T
37、he two main types of dances lake place either in winter or in summer. （ A） He is a famous man in England. （ B） He is a man wearing animal mask. （ C） He is a professional dancer. （ D） He is a man in green leaves representing the new vegetation of the summer. （ A） As soon as she realized that somethin
38、g was wrong. （ B） Only when her husband advised her to. （ C） A long time after the trouble began. （ D） When John asked what was wrong with her. （ A） To get an expert to examine her. （ B） To send her to hospital. （ C） To treat her himself. （ D） To advise her to wait for a few weeks. （ A） He became ba
39、d-tempered, too. （ B） He spent less and less time at home. （ C） He lost his temper more often with John. （ D） He became more and more quiet. （ A） He tried to imagine himself in her place. （ B） He tried not to notice it. （ C） He pretended he had toothache. （ D） He behaved himself as well as possible.
40、 Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words
41、 you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 36 One of the most popular myths about the United States in the 19th century was that of the free an
42、d simple life of the farmer. It was said that farmers were tied to their own【 B1】 _to produce what-ever their families needed. They might sometimes【 B2】 _with neighbours, but in general, they could get along just fine by relying on themselves, not on【 B3】 _ties with others. This is how Thomas Jeffer
43、son【 B4】 _the farmer at the beginning of the 19th century, and at that time this may have been close to the truth,【 B5】 _on the frontier. But by the mid-century, sweeping changes in【 B6】 _were well under way as farmers began to【 B7】_in the raising of crops such as cotton or corn or wheat. By late in
44、 the century,【 B8】 _advances in farm machinery had vastly increased production of specialized crops, and【 B9】 _.By raising and selling specialized crops, farmers could afford more and finer goods, and achieve a much higher standard of living, but at a price. 【 B10】 _.Their lives were increasingly co
45、ntrolled by banks, which had power to grant or deny loans for new machinery and by the railroads, which set the rates for shipping their crops to market.【 B11】 _, for example, the price of wheat in Kansas. And so, by the end of 19th century, the era of Jeffersons independent farmer had come to a clo
46、se. 37 【 B1】 38 【 B2】 39 【 B3】 40 【 B4】 41 【 B5】 42 【 B6】 43 【 B7】 44 【 B8】 45 【 B9】 46 【 B10】 47 【 B11】 Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Re
47、ad the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. 47 Andrew Carnegie, known as the King
48、 of Steel, built the steel industry in the United States, and, in the process, became one of the wealthiest men in America. His success resulted in part from his ability to sell the product and in part from his policy of expanding during periods of【 S1】 _declines, when most of his competitors were r
49、educing their investments. Carnegie believed that【 S2】 _should progress through hard work, but he also felt【 S3】 _that the wealthy should use their fortunes for the benefit of society. He opposed charity, preferring instead to provide【 S4】 _opportunities that would allow others to help themselves. “He who dies rich, dies disgraced,“ he often said. Among his more【 S5】 _contributions to society are those that bear his name, incl
