1、托福模拟试卷 20及答案与解析 0 1 Why does the woman go to see her professor? （ A） She wants to know how she is doing in his class. （ B） She received an email summoning her to his office. （ C） She needs him to write her a letter of recommendation. （ D） She is considering applying for a research scholarship. 2 Wha
2、t is the woman required to submit to the Sterns-Baugh Foundation? Click on 2 answers. （ A） A letter of approval from her advisor in the College of Science. （ B） A written testimonial from the head of her college. （ C） An essay that outlines her goals and past accomplishments. （ D） A resume highlight
3、ing her most significant academic achievements. 3 Why will the woman return to the professors office next week? （ A） To turn in a draft of her essay for review. （ B） To introduce herself to the dean of the College of Science. （ C） To collect her scholarship application materials. （ D） To pick up a l
4、etter from the Women in Sciences committee. 4 What can be inferred about the woman? （ A） She is suspicious about something the professor said. （ B） She is annoyed by the professors comment. （ C） She is worried she did not hear the professor correctly. （ D） She is amazed at the news she just received
5、. 5 Why does the woman say this: （ A） To ask for advice about how to present her request to the dean. （ B） To confirm whether it needs to be the dean who writes the letter. （ C） To inquire about the process for getting the letter back. （ D） To express concern about obtaining the letter of recommenda
6、tion. 5 6 What is the talk mainly about? （ A） The gold mining operations among the Native Americans. （ B） The gold-mining frenzies in Georgia and California. （ C） The westward movement across the United States. （ D） The mistreatment of the Native Americans in Georgia. 7 How does the professor explai
7、n the commencement of the rush for gold in Georgia? （ A） By discussing the relationship between the U.S. government and the Cherokee people. （ B） By explaining the term used to label miners who moved to Dahlonega in 1828. （ C） By indicating how much money a miner could make in Dahlonega. （ D） By tel
8、ling several accounts of the discovery of gold there in 1828. 8 What does the professor say about the Trail of Tears? （ A） It was the U.S. governments way of enforcing law in a lawless territory. （ B） It caused the deaths of thousands of Cherokee people who were forced to relocate. （ C） It was the r
9、oute many miners followed when they left Georgia for California. （ D） It occurred when the collapse of the gold rush left many people impoverished. 9 The professor discusses two cases of gold rush that occurred in Georgia and California. Indicate the features of each event. Click in the correct box
10、for each phrase. 10 What can be inferred about the man when he says this: （ A） He is ashamed of his misconception about the gold rush. （ B） He is uncertain of the validity of his information. （ C） He is confused about the chronology of events in the lecture. （ D） He disagrees with the other students
11、 statement about the gold rush. 11 Why does the professor say this: （ A） To indicate that Dahlonega has changed little in the decades since the gold rush. （ B） To provide background details about a city that figured prominently in the gold rush. （ C） To emphasize the effect that the gold rush had on
12、 the population of Dahlonega. （ D） To suggest that gold rush cities continued to prosper long after the initial rush ended. 11 12 What is the lecture mainly about? （ A） The role of permafrost in Arctic environments. （ B） The characteristics and classification of permafrost. （ C） The natural process
13、by which permafrost forms. （ D） Two main categories of permafrost. 13 Why does the professor mention permafrost in the Himalayas? （ A） To explain that certain conditions are necessary for the formation of permafrost. （ B） To suggest that permafrost is more common than many people believe. （ C） To em
14、phasize the changes in permafrost that have occurred due to global warming. （ D） To illustrate that alpine permafrost can be found at low latitudes. 14 What does the professor say about discontinuous permafrost? （ A） It is subcategorized as either extensive or sporadic. （ B） It is an early indicator
15、 of periods of global warming or glaciation. （ C） It covers approximately 24% of Earths land area. （ D） It is the most common form of permafrost. 15 Indicate whether each of the following is mentioned in the lecture as a feature of permafrost. Click in the correct box for each phrase. YES NO 16 Why
16、does the professor say this: （ A） To test whether the students can remember what they have learned. （ B） To add something he forgot to mention in his introduction. （ C） To remind the students of some facts that he mentioned before. （ D） To let the students know that an important detail is coming up.
17、 17 What does the professor mean when he says this: （ A） He does not want to waste time on something the students already know. （ B） He wants the students to feel comfortable about speaking up in class. （ C） He does not think he needs to go over the topic because it is not critical. （ D） He thinks t
18、he students have made a correct assumption about the topic. 17 18 Why does the woman talk to the man? （ A） To request help in checking out books as a student of another university. （ B） To receive a general overview about the layout of the library. （ C） To get information about different library cla
19、ssification systems. （ D） To ask about study resources relevant to her research assignment. 19 How are the different subjects in the library organized? （ A） Every subject is allocated its own special decimal code. （ B） Each general category is assigned a letter of the alphabet. （ C） Related topics a
20、re grouped together by floor. （ D） Numbers are given to the major subjects, called classes. 20 What does the woman imply about her class schedule for the semester? （ A） It will allow her plenty of free time to read in the library. （ B） Most of her classes will not involve the writing of research pap
21、ers. （ C） It will be hard to visit the library because her schedule is pretty busy. （ D） It will require her to conduct a lot of research at the library. 21 Why does the man say this: （ A） To suggest a course of action for solving the womans problem. （ B） To express frustration that the woman is unf
22、amiliar with the library. （ C） To let the woman know who will be available to help her in the library. （ D） To indicate that he does not have time to assist the woman now. 22 What does the man mean when he says this: （ A） He thinks the woman should narrow down her search. （ B） He wants to choose an
23、easier subject to demonstrate the process. （ C） He thinks the woman will be able to find the information easily. （ D） He does not think the woman understands his instructions. 22 23 What aspect of the K-T extinction event does the professor mainly discuss? （ A） The scientists who first discovered it
24、. （ B） A phenomenon that could have caused it. （ C） Its similarities with prior extinction events. （ D） Its long-term effects on the planet. 24 Why does the professor begin the lecture by describing the destructive force of an asteroid impact? （ A） To illustrate the violent conditions present on the
25、 early Earth. （ B） To support an explanation for mass extinctions in Earths history. （ C） To imply that human activities are threatening the planet. （ D） To emphasize the short timeframe of extinction events. 25 What does the professor say about the name of the K-T extinction event? （ A） It is based
26、 on the number of years the event lasted. （ B） It refers to the kinds of species that were affected by it. （ C） It gives information about when the event occurred. （ D） It was created from an incorrect understanding of the event. 26 The professor explained many direct causes of the mass extinctions
27、that were supposedly produced by the K-T asteroid impact. Indicate which causes are mentioned in the lecture. Click in the correct box for each phrase. 27 Why does the professor say this: （ A） To emphasize the deadliness of a huge dust cloud. （ B） To show students the importance of the food chain. （
28、 C） To describe the process of photosynthesis. （ D） To explain the sequence the extinctions occurred in. 28 What does the professor imply about the asteroid impact? （ A） It is a widely accepted theory, but not scientifically proven yet. （ B） Scientists disagree about the size of the asteroid that hi
29、t the planet. （ C） It is something which he does not believe in personally. （ D） It is less fully researched than other theories. 28 29 What is the talk mainly about? （ A） The guild systems of ancient China and India. （ B） The differences between early and modern guilds. （ C） The function and organi
30、zation of early guilds. （ D） The method of advancement for guild members, 30 Why does the professor mention workers unions? （ A） To give an example of the instructional role of guilds. （ B） To correct a common misconception about guilds. （ C） To explain that guilds still exist in the modern world. （
31、 D） To acknowledge that they share limited similarities with guilds. 31 What does the professor say about the Han Dynasty and the Gupta Empire? （ A） They prohibited the formation of guilds by their citizens. （ B） They are credited with influencing the guilds of Europe. （ C） They had guild systems in
32、spired by the European model. （ D） They likely witnessed the formation of the earliest guilds. 32 In the lecture, the professor describes characteristics of European guilds. Indicate whether each of the following is a characteristic of these guilds. Click in the correct box for each phrase. 33 What
33、was a journeyman required to do in order to become a master craftsman? （ A） Create a high-quality work for inspection by other masters. （ B） Travel to distant regions to learn more about a trade. （ C） Pass a standardized written exam given to all guild members. （ D） Help to train junior apprentices
34、in their trade. 34 Why does the professor say this: （ A） To make sure the students remember important information from earlier, （ B） To encourage one of the students to expand on his explanation. （ C） To point out to a student that he is answering a previous question. （ D） To remind the students of
35、a crucial point from the class. 一、 Sections Three： Reading Comprehension 34 The Concept of Style Style may be defined as the characteristic manner of presentation of any art form. We distinguish between the style of a novel and that of an essay, between the style of a cathedral and that of a palace.
36、 The word may also indicate the creators personal manner of expression the distinctive flavor that sets one artist apart from all others. Thus we speak of the literary style of Dickens or Shakespeare, the painting style of Picasso or Michelangelo, the musical style of Bach or Mozart. We often identi
37、fy style with nationality, as when we refer to French, Italian, or German style; or with an entire culture, as when we contrast a Western musical style with one of China, India, or some other region. It is the difference in the treatment of the elements of music that makes one musical work sound sim
38、ilar to or different from another. We have seen that western music is largely a melody-oriented art based on a particular musical system from which the underlying harmonies are also built. Relatively speaking, rhythm and meter in western music are based on simpler principles than are melody and harm
39、ony. Music of other cultures may sound foreign to our ears and sometimes out of tune because they are based on entirely different musical systems from which they derive their melodic material and many do not involve harmony to any great extent. One important factor in these differing languages of mu
40、sic is the way in which the octave is divided and scales are produced. Complex rhythmic procedures and textures set some world music apart from western styles, while basic formal considerations such as repetition, contrast, and variation bring music of disparate cultures closer. In short, a style is
41、 made up of all the factors relating to pitch, time, timbre, and expression, creating a sound that each culture recognizes as its own. Since all art changes from one age to the next, one very important use of the word “style“ is in connecting the various historical periods. The music of each world c
42、ulture has its own style periods. Focusing on the development of western music we will find that the concept of style enables us to draw connections between musicians and their time, so that the musical work is placed in its socio-historical frame. No matter how greatly the artists, writers, and com
43、posers of a particular era may vary in personality and outlook, when seen in the perspective of time, they turn out to have certain qualities in common. Because of this, we can tell at once that a work of art whether music, poetry, painting, sculpture, or architecture dates from the Middle Ages or t
44、he Renaissance, from the eighteenth century or the nineteenth. The style of a period, then, is the total art language of all its artists as they react to the artistic, political, economic, religious, and philosophical forces that shape their environment. (A) Scholars will always disagree as to preci
45、sely when one style period ends and the next begins. (B) Each period leads by imperceptible degrees into the following one, dates and labels being merely convenient signposts. (C) The following outline shows the generally accepted style periods in the history of western music. (D) Each represents a
46、concept of form and technique, an ideal of beauty, a manner of expression and performance attuned to the cultural climate of the period in a word, a style! 350 600: Period of the Church Fathers 600 850: Early Middle AgesGregorian chant 850 1150: Romanesque period development of the staff in musical
47、notation, about 1000 1150 1450: Late Middle Ages (Gothic period) 1450 1600: Renaissance period 1600 1750: Baroque period 1725 1775: Rococo period 1750 1825: Classical period 1820 1900: Romantic period 1890 1915: Post-Romantic and Impressionist period 1910 20th century 35 The word identify in Paragra
48、ph 1 is closest in meaning to_. （ A） define （ B） recognize （ C） relate （ D） orient 36 The word which in Paragraph 2 refers to （ A） western music （ B） a melody-oriented art （ C） the underlying harmonies （ D） a particular musical system 37 In Paragraph 2, the author explains the differences in the tre
49、atment of musical elements in order to_. （ A） identify various musical styles of different cultures （ B） explain that each culture has its own distinctive musical style （ C） argue that the most wonderful music in the world is from Western society （ D） describe the processes of differentiating between different musical styles 38 According to Paragraph 2, what makes music of different cultures bear similarities to one another? （ A） How the octave is divided and scales are produced. （ B） The way in which the harmonies of cert
