1、清华大学考博英语模拟试卷 15及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 A child hears his mother tongue spoken from morning till night in its_form. （ A） correct （ B） accurate （ C） genuine （ D） perfect 2 The first few months of the year I had dreaded the ringing of the telephone,because I knew it meant another_decision
2、to be made. （ A） critical （ B） plentiful （ C） decent （ D） massive 3 In protest, blacks and_whites sat at the counters of these restaurants and refused to move until they were sewed. （ A） sensible （ B） indifferent （ C） influential （ D） sympathetic 4 The brain drain of experts away from developing cou
3、ntries will greatly influence these countries development of_industry. （ A） complicated （ B） sophisticated （ C） primitive （ D） collective 5 _in their island community, the various tribes used languages which became more and more similar to each others. （ A） Managed （ B） Shrunk （ C） Assumed （ D） Isol
4、ated 6 If full credits were given to this part, it could_ a high grade for the student in his physical course. （ A） belong to （ B） be due to （ C） be subject to （ D） contribute to 7 The teacher wrote a brief comment in the_to show the student why it was wrong. （ A） manual （ B） margin （ C） edge （ D） v
5、erge 8 The structure of this animals brain gives no_that it is more intelligent than any others. （ A） indication （ B） index （ C） hint （ D） implication 9 While others sat at home studying papers on the subject, Jefferson got into a boat and made_ observations. （ A） of-the-spot （ B） in-the-spot （ C） o
6、n-the-spot （ D） at-the-spot 10 Can you explain this_of ten years in your job history which you have not accounted for? （ A） interruption （ B） gap （ C） split （ D） paring 11 Mrs. Thompson gave us a_account of what had happened,thats why we no longer believe in the sincerity of her utterance. （ A） curv
7、ed （ B） distorted （ C） twisted （ D） tangled 12 The headlights of the approaching car were so_that the cyclist had to stop riding. （ A） gleaning （ B） staring （ C） gleaming （ D） dazzling 13 Some cultures have customs that_the clothing fashions of people in certain social classes. （ A） modify （ B） alte
8、r （ C） regulate （ D） revise 14 The_beauty of the mountain has made it a world-famous resort. Every year numerous tourists from home and abroad come to visit it. （ A） perpetual （ B） perplexed （ C） preserved （ D） perished 15 The kitchen was small and_so that the disabled woman could reach everything w
9、ithout difficulty. （ A） complex （ B） complete （ C） compact （ D） composite 16 With the_of aluminum, shiny metals such as tin or copper turns into black powders when ground fine. （ A） reception （ B） deception （ C） exception （ D） perception 17 Californians and New Englanders speak the same language and
10、_by the same federal laws. （ A） conform （ B） abide （ C） sustain （ D） comply 18 Ideas_from ones own experience are sometimes more valuable than those from books. （ A） derived （ B） deprived （ C） retreated （ D） restored 19 If you want to_a pleasant visit,find out as much as possible about the manners a
11、nd customs of your host country. （ A） secure （ B） ensure （ C） assure （ D） restore 20 For 50 years they were able to produce and sell their goods more cheaply than other countries and this gave them a_advantage in world trade. （ A） considerable （ B） concrete （ C） considerate （ D） conventional 21 Beca
12、use of the massive oil spillage in the gulf,both the plant and animal lives in the area are in_. （ A） destiny （ B） amenity （ C） jeopardy （ D） tragedy 22 They ignored him,despite his repeated_that he was not on the scene of murder that evening. （ A） assumptions （ B） suppositions （ C） affirmations （ D
13、） confirmations 23 The lease is_in saying that the rent must be paid in dollars by the 20th of every month. （ A） explicit （ B） implicit （ C） conspicuous （ D） distinctive 24 He was in extreme state of distress and depression when he knew that he had_lung cancer. （ A） extracted （ B） contracted （ C） ab
14、stracted （ D） attracted 25 The relationship between technology and development is complicated. At times the negative features of technology seem to_the positive ones. （ A） withdraw （ B） discharge （ C） maximize （ D） outweigh 26 Do you know the fact that broad bean contain_that must be destroyed by co
15、oking them at high temperature before eating them? （ A） flake （ B） aroma （ C） ether （ D） toxin 27 The doctor informed his patient that the drug was very_and can have unpleasant sideeffects. （ A） potent （ B） efficient （ C） intricate （ D） fragile 28 The poison produced by the spiders skin is so_that i
16、t will paralyze a bird or a monkey immediately. （ A） lethal （ B） liable （ C） tedious （ D） profound 29 Over-cultivation and a long period of erosion has reduced the_of much of the countrys farmland. （ A） sufficiency （ B） fertility （ C） prosperity （ D） mobility 30 Owing to an_lack of lower-income hous
17、ing,the municipal government is embarrassed by the impressing housing issue. （ A） alien （ B） obscure （ C） acute （ D） elaborate 31 Away from their profession,scientists are inherently no more honest or ethical than other people. But in their profession they work in an arena that puts a high_on honest
18、y. （ A） conviction （ B） inference （ C） caution （ D） premium 32 She criticized my writing but in a way that was very_. I learned a lot from her. （ A） autonomous （ B） constructive （ C） fundamental （ D） elementary 33 You know yourself better than anyone else. Do not undertake that project unless you ca
19、n_it. （ A） complement （ B） compliment （ C） implement （ D） supplement 34 The two pharmaceutical companies collaborated in developing new drugs to_the pain of patients in the terminal stages of cancer. （ A） alleviate （ B） confront （ C） insulate （ D） terminate 35 Anesthetics are substances_to deaden pa
20、in or produce a condition in which some or all of the senses,especially touch,stop functioning or are reduced. （ A） diverted （ B） enforced （ C） exercised （ D） administered 36 Some people want to make as much money as they can because they believe that money can bring them fame and_. （ A） directory （
21、 B） morality （ C） prestige （ D） monopoly 37 She bought a house near the sea last year so she could take a_along the beach whenever she wanted to. （ A） stroll （ B） stride （ C） stretch （ D） strand 38 The color and smell of water in these rivers_itself how serious the pollution is but many people are s
22、till ignoring he fact. （ A） illustrates （ B） demonstrates （ C） manifests （ D） exemplifies 39 When she heard that she broke the world record, she felt an irresistible_to cry at the winners stand. （ A） courtesy （ B） demonstrates （ C） bravery （ D） impulse 40 To some people,the greatest pleasure of life
23、 is to spend their time at home watching TV and_ their pets. （ A） stroking （ B） desiring （ C） modeling （ D） flattering 二、 Reading Comprehension 40 Resale Price Maintenance is the name used when a retailer is compelled to sell at a price fixed by the manufacturer instead of choosing for himself how m
24、uch to add on to the wholesale price he pays for his supplies. This practice is associated with the sale of “branded“goods, which now form a very considerable proportion of consumerspurchases and it has led to a great deal of controversy. Generally such articles are packed and advertised by the manu
25、facturers,who try to create a special image in the minds of possible purchasers an image made up of the look of the article,its use,its price, and everything else which might lead purchasers to ask for that brand rather than any other. If a retailer is allowed to charge any price he likes he may fin
26、d it worthwhile to sell one brand at“cut“prices even though this involves a loss,because he hopes to attract customers to the shop,where they may be persuaded to buy many other types of goods at higher prices. The manufacturer of the brand that has been cut fears that the retailer may be tempted to
27、reduce the services on this article. But even if he does not there is a danger that the customer becomes unsettled and is unwilling to pay the standard price of the article because he feels that he is being “done“. This may,and indeed often does,affect the reputation of the manufacturer and lose him
28、 his markel in the long run. It is sometimes said also that the housewife who is the principal buyer of most of these goods-prefers a fixed price because she knows where she is and has saved the bother of going from shop to shop in search of lower prices. If one shop cut all the prices of its brande
29、d goods she would undoubtedly have an advantage in shopping there. But this does not happen. A store usually lowers the price of one or two of its articles which act as a decoy and makes up its losses on others, and changes the cut-price articles from week to week so as to attract different groups o
30、f customers. And so the housewife may feel rather guilty if she does not spend time tracking down the cheaper goods. How far this is true is a matter of temperament and it is impossible to estimate what proportion of purchasers prefer a price that they can rely on wherever they choose to buy and wha
31、t proportion enjoy the challenge involved in finding the store that offers them a bargain. Those who oppose Resale Price Maintenance on the other hand, point out that there are now a great many different channels of distribution chain stores,department stores,co-operative stores,independent or unit
32、shops,supermarkets,mail-order houses,and so on. It would be absurd to assume that all of them have exactly the same costs to meet in stocking and selling their goods, so why should they all sell at the same price? If they were allowed to choose for themselves, the more efficient retailers would sell
33、 at lower prices and consumers would benefit. As it is, the retail price must be sufficient to cover the costs of the less efficient avenues of distribution and this means the others make a bigger profit than necessary at the expense of the public. The supporters of the fixed price argue that this i
34、s only half the story. The efficient trader can still compete without lowering his prices. He can offer better service long credit,or quick delivery or a pleasant shop decor or helpful assistants and can do this without imperiling the longterm interests of the manufacturer. 41 Manufacturers oppose r
35、etailers cutting prices on their goods mainly because they think_. （ A） retailers may eventually stop selling their products （ B） it may reduce customersconfidence in their products （ C） customers may feel uneasy when prices vary （ D） it may sometimes lead to poor service 42 Supporters of the fixed
36、price hold that an efficient trader can still make money without lowering prices by_. （ A） allowing customers time to pay （ B） hiring assistants for long hours and low wages （ C） advertising much more effectively （ D） establishing long-term relations with manufactures 43 By saying“He feels that he i
37、s being done“,the author means that customer thinks_. （ A） someone is despising him （ B） someone is maltreating him （ C） someone is blackmailing him （ D） someone is cheating him 44 Which of the following statements is FALSE according to the passage? （ A） Good service other than price is important in
38、 attracting customers. （ B） An article without a brand name is not subject to Resale Price Maintenance. （ C） Manufactures attempt to influence possible purchasers by making their products easy to identify. （ D） Housewives prefer fixed prices because fixed prices are much less likely to fluctuate. 45
39、 The sentence“She knows where she is“in the third paragraph can be paraphrased as“_“. （ A） She knows her place （ B） She knows her stuff （ C） She feels secure （ D） She feels intoxicated 45 Not too many decades ago it seemed “obvious“ both to the general public and to sociologists that modern society
40、has changed peoples natural relations, loosened their responsibilities to kin(亲戚 )and neighbors, and substituted in their place superficial relati onships with passing acquaintances. However, in recent years a growing body of research has revealed that the “obviousness“ is not true. It seems that if
41、 you are a city resident, you typically know a smaller proportion of your neighbors than you do if you are a resident of a smaller community. But, for the most part, this fact has few significant consequences. It does not necessarily follow that if you know few of your neighbors you will know no one
42、 else. Even in very large cities, people maintain close social ties within small, private social worlds. Indeed, the number and quality of meaningful relationships do not differ between more and less urban people. Small-town residents are more involved with kin than are big-city residents. Yet city
43、dwellers compensate by developing friendships with people who share similar interests and activities. Urbanism may produce a different style of life, but the quality of life does not differ between town and city. Nor are residents of large communities any likelier to display psychological symptoms o
44、f stress or alienation, a feeling of not belonging, than are residents of smaller communities. However, city dwellers do worry more about crime, and this leads them to a distrust of strangers. These findings do not imply that urbanism makes little or no difference. If neighbors are strangers to one
45、another, they are less likely to sweep the sidewalk of an elderly couple living next door or keep an eye out for young troublemakers. Moreover, as Wirth suggested, there may be a link between a communi-tys population size and its social heterogeneity(多样性 ). For instance, sociologists have found much
46、 evi-dence that the size of a community is associated with bad behavior including gambling, drugs, etc. Large-city ur-banites are also more likely than their small-town counterparts to have a cosmopolitan(见多识广者的 )out-look, to display less responsibility to traditional kinship roles, to vote for left
47、ist political candi-dates, and to be tolerant of nontraditional religious groups, unpopular political groups, and so-called un-desirables. Everything considered, heterogeneity and unusual behavior seem to be outcomes of large population size. 46 Which of the following statements best describes the o
48、rganization of the first paragraph? （ A） Two contrasting views are presented. （ B） An argument is examined and possible solutions given. （ C） Research results concerning the quality of urban life are presented in order of time. （ D） A detailed description of the difference between urban and small-to
49、wn life is given. 47 According to the passage, it was once a common belief that urban residents_. （ A） did not have the same interests as their neighbors （ B） could not develop long-standing relationships （ C） tended to be associated with bad behavior （ D） usually had more friends 48 One of the consequences of urban life is that impersonal relationships among neighbors_. （ A） disrupt peoples natural relations
