1、笔译二级实务模拟试卷 28及答案与解析 SECTION 1 Compulsory Translation (30 points) 1 Until recently, scientists knew little about life in the deep sea, nor had they reason to believe that it was being threatened. Now, with the benefit of technology that allows for deeper exploration, researchers have uncovered a rema
2、rkable array of species inhabiting the ocean floor at depths of more than 660 feet, or about 200 meters. At the same time, however, technology has also enabled fishermen to reach far deeper than ever before, into areas where bottom trawls can destroy in minutes what has taken nature hundreds and in
3、some cases thousands of years to build. Many of the worlds coral species, for example, are found at depths of more than 200 meters. It is also estimated that roughly half of the worlds highest seamounts areas that rise from the ocean floor and are particularly rich in marine life are also found in t
4、he deep ocean. These deep sea ecosystems provide shelter, spawning and breeding areas for fish and other creatures, as well as protection from strong currents and predators. Moreover, they are believed to harbor some of the most extensive reservoirs of life on earth, with estimates ranging from 500,
5、000 to 100 million species inhabiting these largely unexplored and highly fragile ecosystems. Yet just as we are beginning to recognize the tremendous diversity of life in these areas, along with the potential benefits newly found species may hold for human society in the form of potential food prod
6、ucts and new medicines, they are at risk of being lost forever. With enhanced ability both to identify where these species-rich areas are located and to trawl in deeper water than before, commercial fishing vessels are now beginning to reach down with nets the size of football fields, catching every
7、thing in their path while simultaneously crushing fragile corals and breaking up the delicate structure of reefs and seamounts that provide critical habitat to the countless species of fish and other marine life that inhabit the deep ocean floor. Because deep sea bottom trawling is a recent phenomen
8、on, the damage that has been done is still limited. If steps are taken quickly to prevent this kind of destructive activity from occurring on the high seas, the benefits both to the marine environment and to future generations are incalculable. And they far outweigh the short-term costs to the fishi
9、ng industry. 2 Most of the worlds victims of AIDS live and, at an alarming rate, die in Africa. The number of people living with AIDS in Africa was estimated at 26. 6 million in late 2003. New figures to be published by the United Nations Joint Program on AIDS(UNAIDS), the special UN agency set up t
10、o deal with the pandemic, will probably confirm its continued spread in Africa, but they will also show whether the rate of spread is constant, increasing or falling. AIDS is most prevalent in Eastern and Southern Africa, with South Africa, Zimbabwe and Kenya having the greatest numbers of sufferers
11、; other countries severely affected include Botswana and Zambia. AIDS was raging in Eastern Africa where it was called “slim“ after the appearance of victims wasting away within a few years after its emergence was established in the world in 1981. One theory of the origin of the virus and syndrome s
12、uggests that they started in the eastern Congo basin; however, the conflicting theories about the origin of AIDS are highly controversial and politicized, and the controversy is far from being settled. Measures being taken all over Africa include, first of all, campaigns of public awareness and devi
13、ce, including advice to remain faithful to one sexual partner and to use condoms. The latter advice is widely ignored or resisted owing to natural and cultural aversion to condoms and to Christian and Muslim teaching, which places emphasis instead on self-restraint. An important part of anti-AIDS ca
14、mpaigns, whether organized by governments, nongovernmental organizations or both, is the extension of voluntary counseling and testing(VCT). In addition, medical research has found a way to help sufferers, though not to cure them. Funds for anti-AIDS efforts are provided by the Global Fund to Fight
15、AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, a partnership between governments, civil society, the private sector and affected communities around the world; the fund was launched following a call by the UN Secretary-General in 2001. However, much more is needed if the spread of the pandemic is to be at least hal
16、ted. SECTION 1 Compulsory Translation (20 points) 3 众所周知，鸟无翅膀不能飞，人无双腿不能走。但对尹小星而言，鸟无翅膀不能飞，人无双腿却能走 ! 1970年出生于江苏一户农民家庭的尹小星，出生仅 8个月就患小儿麻痹症并发急性肺炎。虽然最终保住了命，他却再也不能站立。因为身体残疾，初中毕业后小星不得不辍学。生存的压力对他来说显得格外沉重，他贩过水果，养过鸡，还下工夫学习过中医。 在他 21岁的时候，这个年轻人竟怀揣一幅地图，手持一个指南针，摇着轮椅踏上了走遍全中国的艰难路途。 近 12年来小星手摇轮椅，足迹遍布 31个省、市、自治区 ，行程 7
17、万多公里，用坏了 4部轮椅。他实现了徒手攀登泰山、华山、衡山等 20多座名山，孤身翻越海拔 5231米的唐古拉山，手摇轮椅走过丝绸之路，穿越塔克拉玛干 (Taklimakan)大沙漠，徒手攀登上海东方明珠电视塔，圆满完成从沙漠到香港的旅行。 4 长城是世界一大奇迹。现在，每年都有几百万人到长城游览。在旺季，几处最著名的景点总是让成群结队的游客挤得水泄不通。 中国人修筑城墙的历史久远，可以追溯到战国时期。历史上，中国共修过大约20座长城。在所有这些长城中，明长城最长，达到 6700公里。在当 时，中国技术在世界上处于领先地位，因此明长城的结构也是最复杂的。明长城的修筑是为了抵御北方游牧民族的入侵
18、。 清朝建立后，由于它的建立者本身也是游牧民族，他们觉得没有必要继续修筑长城。不过，清政府还是颁布法令对长城进行保护，禁止拆砖。但是，岁月的流逝和连续战乱使人们易到之处遭到了严重的破坏。 十几年来，蓬勃发展的旅游业促进了长城的修缮工程。目前，多处长城已经修复，或正在修缮中。 笔译二级实务模拟试卷 28答案与解析 SECTION 1 Compulsory Translation (30 points) 1 【正确答案】 前不久，科学家们对深海生物还知之甚少，也不太相信它们正受到威胁。现在，随着深海探测技术的发展，研究人员发现 660多英尺，即 200米深的海底生存着大量多种多样的物种。但与此同时
19、，渔业人员也可以依靠技术到达比以前更深的地方，进行海底拖网捕捞，而此种深海捕捞则可在几分钟内就把大自然几百年乃至几千年产生的一切毁灭。 例如，世界上的许多种珊瑚在二百多米深的海底才能找到。此外，据估计世界上一些最高的海底山约有一半位于深海海底。这些海底隆起的地方，海洋生物特别丰富。 这些深海生态系统为鱼类和其它生物提供生存、产卵、繁殖的场所，也保护它们免遭强大海流和猎食者的侵袭。此外，据信这些深海生态系统蕴藏着世界上最丰富的生命宝库，估计有五十万至一亿种生物生活在这些大体上未经勘探且极脆弱的生态系统中。 当我们现在刚刚开始认识这些地区极其丰富的生物多样性，并发现这些新物种可能为人类社会带来好处
20、时一如新食品和新药品，这些地区却面临着永远消失的危险。由于确定物种丰富地区的能力增强，由于拖网捕捞能到达比过去更深的区域，商业渔船可把足球场大小的拖网撒入海中，碰上什么捕捞什 么，同时损坏了脆弱的珊瑚，破坏礁石和海底山的脆弱的结构，而正是这些东西为生活在深海海底的无数鱼类和其它海洋生物提供了赖以生存的场所。 因为深海海底拖网捕捞是最近才出现的一种现象，它所造成的损害还是有限的。如能赶紧采取措施防止这些在公海上的破坏活动，它为海洋环境和子孙后代带来的好处将是无法估量的。这些好处将远远超过渔业短期内需承担的花费。 2 【正确答案】 世界上大多数艾滋病患者生活在非洲，并以惊人的速度大批死亡。据估计，
21、 2003年底非洲的艾滋病患者达到 2660万人。联合国联合防治艾滋病计 划署是联合国为对付艾滋病而设立的专门机构，该机构将要公布的最新数字可能证实艾滋病还在非洲继续蔓延，但同时也可以说明它蔓延的速度是维持不变，或在加快，还是在放慢。 艾滋病最猖獗的地区是非洲的东部和南部，在南非、津巴布韦和肯尼亚患者人数最多，疫情严重的国家还包括博茨瓦纳和赞比亚。 1981年艾滋病的出现在世界上得到确认，没过几年，这种病就在非洲东部流行起来一当地人管它叫 “瘦病 ”，因为患者的容貌是日渐消瘦。关于这种病毒的发源地，一种说法是发源于东刚果盆地；然而关于艾滋病来源的说法不一，很有争议，且带有浓厚的 政治色彩；这场
22、争论至今还远未结束。 整个非洲都在采取措施，最主要的是提高公众意识和防范手段，包括建议忠实于一个性伴侣和使用避孕套。人们一般不愿使用避孕套，因为不习惯，还有文化方面的原因，同时它也不符合基督教和伊斯兰教的教义，它们更强调自我约束。 在防止艾滋病的活动中，重要的一项就是提倡 “自愿就医检查 ”，这项活动，有的是政府组织的，有的是民间组织的，也有的是政府和民间共同组织的。此外，医学研究也已找到了一种办法，虽然不能治愈，也可对患者有所帮助。 “全球预防艾滋病、肺结核、疟疾基金会 ”是世界各国政府部门、市民社会、私人企业和患病群体的一个协作机构，是应联合国秘书长的号召，于 2001年发起成立的。这一机
23、构为防治艾滋病的各项活动提供资金。然而，即便只是为了制止艾滋病的蔓延，这也是远远不够的。 SECTION 1 Compulsory Translation (20 points) 3 【正确答案】 As everyone knows, birds cannot fly without wings and a person cannot walk without legs. But for Yin Xiaoxing, while birds cannot fly without wings, a person can walk even without legs! Born in 1970 in
24、to a farmers family in Jiangsu Province, Yin Xiaoxing suffered from polio and acute pneumonia at the age of only eight months. He survived but lost the ability to stand on his feet. Because of his disability, Xiaoxing had to give up his study after junior middle school. The burden of life seemed to
25、be especially heavy for him. He tried to make a living by selling fruits, raising chickens and taking pains to learn traditional Chinese medicine. At the age of 21 , this young man, with a map and a compass in hand, embarked on the hard journey of traveling around China in his wheelchair. In the las
26、t 12 years, Yin Xiaoxing traveled a total of 70,000 kilometers in his wheelchair and left his footprints in 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions. During this period, he wore out four wheelchairs. He left a trail of human records including climbing more than 20 famous mountains like Mo
27、unt Tai, Mount Hua and Mount Heng with his hands, crossing the 5, 231-meter-high Mount Tanggula alone, traveling along the Silk Road in wheelchair, crossing the Taklimakan Desert, getting to the top of the Oriental Pearl TV Tower in Shanghai with his hands, and completing the journey from the desert
28、 to Hong Kong. 4 【正确答案】 The Great Wall is a wonder of the world. Now, millions of people journey to the Great Wall each year, making its most popular sites besieged by hordes of tourists during busy seasons. The Chinese have a long history of building walls, dating from the Warring States period. In
29、 history, about 20 walls were built, with the wall constructed during the Ming Dynasty being the longest, extending 6, 700 km. China was the most technologically advanced nation in the world then, so the wall was also the most sophisticated in structure. It was built to ward off the invasion of noma
30、ds from the north. After the establishment of the Qing Dynasty, since its founders were themselves nomads, they did not see a need to continue with wall building. Nonetheless, the Qing government did institute a law to preserve the wall, banning the removal of bricks from it. But, the impact of time and continuous wars have left the wall greatly damaged in its most accessible sections. Over the past 10-plus years, the booming tourist industry has stimulated the Great Walls renovation project. Now, many of its sections have been or are being revamped.
