1、考博英语模拟试卷 43及答案与解析 一、 Grammar 1 She actually preferred a more gregarious urban life style and the cultural attractions in a warmer clime. （ A） tranquil （ B） sociable （ C） inactive （ D） undisturbed 2 Some of the plans provisions have already aroused opposition, most notably from Pope John Paul . （ A）
2、clauses （ B） interpretations （ C） interrelations （ D） depreciations 3 Nothing is less sensible than the advice of the Duke of Cambridge who is to be reported to have said: “Any change, at any time, for any reason is to be deplored.“ （ A） emulated （ B） ridiculed （ C） complicated （ D） lamented 4 Most
3、of the 33 newly discovered planets giant gas bags swing so erratically that they create havoc on any smaller, nearby, life-friendly planets. （ A） destruction （ B） benefits （ C） chaos （ D） violence 5 Furthermore, the campaign itself was lavishly financed, with plenty of money for top-flight staff, tr
4、avel, and television commercials. （ A） dubiously （ B） potently （ C） profusely （ D） candidly 6 In fact, a number of recent developments suggest that new media may actually be the salvation of old media; that online newspapers, Webzines, and e-books could preserve and extend the best aspects of the pr
5、int culture while augmenting it with their var （ A） limiting （ B） maintaining （ C） distinguishing （ D） increasing 7 Every modern government, liberal or otherwise, has a specific position in the field of ideas; its stability is vulnerable to critics in proportion to their ability and persuasiveness.
6、（ A） futile （ B） susceptible （ C） feasible （ D） flexible 8 Parties are therefore free to strive for a settlement without jeopardizing their chances for or in a trim if mediation is unsuccessful. （ A） assuring （ B） increasing （ C） endangering （ D） destroying 9 They make better use of the time they ha
7、ve, and they are less likely to succumb to fatigue in stressful jobs. （ A） sustain （ B） yield （ C） endure （ D） expose 10 It disgusted him when atheists attacked religion: he thought they were vulgar. （ A） insulting （ B） base-minded （ C） rough （ D） vicious 二、 Error Identification 11 (Relying on) thes
8、e convenient metaphors, politicians and military commanders do not see, or do not want to see, what these metaphors (hide): the reality of pain and death, the long-term health effects (for) (the injury), the psychological effect on ve （ A） Relying on （ B） hide （ C） for （ D） the injury 12 Categories,
9、 we found, (must be seen) (in) their conceptual context, against the background of larger cognitive models, and it is obvious that these models will, (to) some point, have to include (sequencing) in time. （ A） must be seen （ B） in （ C） to （ D） sequencing 13 We (are obliged to) grow up in skepticism,
10、 requiring proofs for every assertion about nature, (but) there is no way out (except to) move ahead and plug away, hoping for comprehension in the future (but) living in a condition of intellectual instabilit （ A） are obliged to （ B） but （ C） except to （ D） but 14 But (as) a historian, Graves shoul
11、d be aware that James Clerk Maxwells brilliant insight about electromagnetism the guess that visible light is only one small slice of the spectrum of (electromagnetic) energy, a guess that forms the basis (for) elect （ A） as （ B） electromagnetic （ C） for （ D） is 15 I suggest transforming our social
12、system from a (bureaucratically management) industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in (themselves)(in the Soviet Union as well as in the capitalist countries) into a humanist industrialism （ A） bureaucratically management （ B） themselves （ C） in which （ D） are the aims 16
13、 Perhaps all societies (are significantly more advanced) than our own have achieved an effective personal immortality and lose the motivation for interstellar gallivanting, which (may), (for all we know), (be) a typical urge only of adolescent civiliza （ A） are significantly more advanced （ B） may （
14、 C） for all we know （ D） be 17 (In an effort to) produce the largest, fastest, most luxurious ship afloat, the British built the Titanic. It was so superior to (anything) (on the seas) that it (was dubbed) “unsinkable“. （ A） In an effort to （ B） anything （ C） on the seas （ D） was dubbed 18 Her own i
15、nterests as a mother (brought into play) by her (concern over) the education and welfare of her children, the city (in which) they lived, (and such) municipal facilities as playgrounds, schools and parks. （ A） brought into play （ B） concern over （ C） in which （ D） and such 19 The concern (has been)
16、that the embryo bank (might be) exploited (by unscrupulous), or that conception might precede birth by nine or even ninety years, (rather than) by nine months. （ A） has been （ B） might be （ C） by unscrupulous （ D） rather than 20 Within the arid regions (in which) their culture developed, the Bedouin
17、 camel-breeding tribes have maintained a distinctive pattern and a dominant position (over) other societies and (settlements) (through) virtue of their ability to exploit brazing r （ A） in which （ B） over （ C） settlements （ D） through 三、 Structure and Vocabulary 21 From the time of the Greeks to the
18、 Great War, medicines job was simple: to struggle with _ diseases and gross disabilities, to ensure live births, and to manage pain. （ A） immortal （ B） immune （ C） lethal （ D） toxic 22 This is a market in which enterprising businesses _ for the demands of teenagers and older youths in all their rock
19、 mania and pop-art forms. （ A） cater （ B） entitle （ C） appeal （ D） subject 23 It must guide public opinion, after presenting _ both sides of every issue and pointing out to readers what measures seem to promise the greater good for the greater number. （ A） inquisitively （ B） inconceivably （ C） appal
20、lingly （ D） impartially 24 Brushing removes larger particles, but dentists suggest brushing the back of the tongue as well, where food residues and bacteria _. （ A） flourish （ B） collaborate （ C） embark （ D） congregate 25 American literary historians are perhaps _ to viewing their own national scene
21、 too narrowly, mistaking prominence for uniqueness. （ A） prone （ B） legible （ C） incompatible （ D） prior 26 To many people, a husband and wife alone do not seem a proper family they need children to enrich the circle, to _ family character and to gather the redemptive influence of offspring. （ A） re
22、press （ B） intimidate （ C） validate （ D） confine 27 The 1982 Oil and Gas Act gives power to permit the disposal of assets held by the Corporation, and the Corporations statutory monopoly in the supply of gas for fuel purposes so as to permit private companies to compete in this supply. （ A） defers （
23、 B） curtails （ C） triggers （ D） sparks 28 These people actively try to what they believe to be bad English and assiduously cultivate what they hope to be good English. （ A） suppress （ B） regress （ C） enhance （ D） revive 29 It must guarantee freedom of expression, to the end that all _ to the flow of
24、 ideas shall be removed. （ A） prophecies （ B） transactions （ C） arguments （ D） hindrances 30 As we have seen, propaganda can appeal to us by amusing our emotions or _ our attention from the real issues at hand. （ A） retaining （ B） sustaining （ C） distracting （ D） obscuring 31 Rather than doing this
25、via auction or through private art dealers they can give them to the government, which buys them at an agreed price _ them _. （ A） after having, independently valued （ B） after having, independently valuable （ C） by having, independently valueless （ D） by having, independently value 32 So if you are
26、 in a tea room somewhere and there is a group of high-spirited women wearing red hats and purple dresses, you will know are merely taking advantage of one of the most effective and inexpensive antidotes for aging acceptance laced with hum （ A） we （ B） you （ C） they （ D） the red hats and purple dress
27、es 33 Imagine the psychological impact upon a foe of encountering squads of seemingly invincible warriors _ armor and _ superhuman capabilities. （ A） protecting with, endowing by （ B） protecting by, endowing with （ C） protected with, endowed by （ D） protected by, endowed with 34 _ how the immature b
28、rain prevents seizure-induced cell injury or death could lead to new methods to reduce or prevent seizure damage in adults. （ A） To understand （ B） To be understood （ C） Having been understood （ D） Understanding 35 There ought to be less anxiety over the perceived risk of getting cancer than _ in th
29、e pub lie today. （ A） exists （ B） exist （ C） existing （ D） existed 36 He said the most unusual aspect of the Mexican trial was that the 12 teenagers were not given any drags to suppress their immune systems, _ would normally destroy any cells from other animals. （ A） at which （ B） which （ C） to whic
30、h （ D） as 37 Because it takes longer to install and involves some tinkering to get it to work just right, its best for more experienced users. But, oh, what joy! _ a detailed log of every ad it annihilates, _ it makes a satisfying thunk when it nabs o （ A） Not only Killer keeps, but also （ B） Not on
31、ly does Killer keep （ C） Only Killer keeps, and （ D） Only if Killer keeps 38 And while we _ have a great deal of trouble adjusting to a climate that gets 2 degrees Centigrade warmer over the next century, an ice age by mid-century _ be unimaginably devastating. （ A） might, could （ B） could, might （
32、C） would, might （ D） might, would 39 The most versatile _ embryonic stem cells, which _ found in the embryo at the earliest stage of development and can grow into any part of the body. （ A） are, are （ B） is, is （ C） are, is （ D） is, are 40 _ there is a logical connection between all the things that
33、happen in that immensely connected body of salted water that covers 71 percent of the surface of the earth. （ A） I dawn upon it that （ B） It dawns upon me that （ C） I dawn upon this that （ D） This dawns upon me that 四、 Reading Comprehension 40 In the preceding chapter, economic welfare was taken bro
34、adly to consist of that group of satisfactions and dissatisfactions which can be brought into relation with a money measure. We have now to observe that this relation is not a direct one, but is mediated through desires and aversions. That is to say, the money that a person is prepared to offer for
35、a thing measures directly, not the satisfaction he will get from the thing, but the intensity of his desire for it. This distinction, obvious when stated, has been somewhat obscured for English-speaking students by the employment of the term utility which naturally carries an association with satisf
36、action to represent intensity of desire. Thus, when one thing is desired by a person more keenly than another, it is said to possess a greater utility to that person. Several writers have endeavored to get rid of the confusion which this use of words generates by substituting “utility,“ in the above
37、 sense for some other term, such as “desirability“. The term “desiredness“ seems, however, to be preferable, because, since it cannot be taken to have any ethical implication, it is less ambiguous. I shall myself employ that term. Generally speaking, everybody prefers present pleasures or satisfacti
38、ons of given magnitude to future pleasures or satisfactions of equal magnitude, even when the latter are perfectly certain to occur. But this preference for present pleasures does not the idea is serf-contradictory imply that a present pleasure of given magnitude is any greater than a future pleasur
39、e of the same magnitude. It implies only that our telescopic faculty is defective, and that we, therefore, see future pleasures, as it were, on a diminished scale. That this is the right explanation is proved by the fact that exactly the same diminution is experienced when, apart from our tendency t
40、o forget ungratifying incidents, we contemplate the past. Our analysis also suggests that economic welfare could be increased by some rightly chosen degree of differentiation in favor of saving. Nobody, of course, holds that the State should force its citizens to act as though so much objective weal
41、th now and in the future were of exactly equal importance. In view of the uncertainty of productive developments, to say nothing of the mortality of nations and eventually of the human race itself, this would not, even in the extremest theory, be sound policy. But there is wide agreement that the St
42、ate should protect the interests of the future in some degree against the effects of our irrational discounting and of our preference for ourselves over our descendants. The whole movement for “conservation“ in the United States is based on this conviction. It is the clear duty of Government, which
43、is the trustee for unborn generations as well as for its pre sent citizens, to watch over, and, if need be, by legislative enactment, to defend, the exhaustible natural resources of the country from rash and reckless spoliation. Plainly, ff we assume adequate competence on the part of governments, t
44、here is a valid case for some artificial encouragement to investment, particularly to investments the return from which will only begin to appear after the lapse of many years. It must, however, be remembered that, so long as people are left free to decide for themselves how much work they will do,
45、interference, by fiscal or any other means, with the way they employ the resources that their work yields to them may react to diminish the aggregate amount of this work and so of those resources. 41 What does, according to the author, economic welfare consist of? （ A） a general sense of contentment
46、 with any individual being part of a group. （ B） a basic duality or dichotomy between the amount of pleasures that one individual can experience and discontentment. （ C） the act of measuring the amount of gratifications and dissatisfactions with a measure of value. （ D） the relentless idea that peop
47、le have to forfeit in expiation for their pleasures. 42 In the opening paragraph, why does the author prefer to use the term “desiredness“? （ A） Because it seems mare catchy and refers to a specific semantic field （ B） Because nobody else has ever used the word before, it therefore exemplifies the a
48、uthors original and unique ideas （ C） Because it helps native English speakers to grasp the conceptual idea expressed in this passage （ D） Because it clears any misunderstanding relating to the distinction made in the first paragraph 43 In the second paragraph, why is the word “greater“ in italics?
49、（ A） Because the pleasure a person can experience in the present will always be regarded as the most important. （ B） Because the author is insisting on the falsity and inner opposition of the statement. （ C） Because the extent or impact of the satisfaction felt by an individual is paramount. （ D） Because the author is using the superlative as a general term of approval. 44 In the third paragraph, which of the following is closer to the truth? （ A） The author reje
