1、职称英语（卫生类） ABC级综合模拟试卷 7及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定 1个意义最为接近选项。 1 Americas emphasis on the importance of education for everyone has spurred scientific research, （ A） encouraged （ B） endangered （ C） endorsed （ D） enlarged 2 Photojournalist Margaret White
2、became famous for her coverage of significant events during the Second World War. （ A） baggage （ B） orphanage （ C） reportage （ D） usage 3 Below 600 feet ocean waters range from dimly lit to completely dark. （ A） inadequately （ B） hardly （ C） faintly （ D） sufficiently 4 “Im not meddling,“ Mary said m
3、ildly. “Im just curious.“ （ A） gently （ B） shyly （ C） weakly （ D） sweetly 5 In 1861 it seemed inevitable that the southern states would break away from the Union. （ A） strange （ B） certain （ C） inconsistent （ D） proper 6 Many of novelist Carson McCullers characters are isolated, disappointed people.
4、 （ A） solitary （ B） gloomy （ C） feeble （ D） frugal 7 The workers finally called off the strike. （ A） put off （ B） ended （ C） cancelled （ D） participated in 8 John has made up his mind not to go to the meeting. （ A） wanted （ B） promised （ C） decided （ D） agreed 9 I catch cold now and then. （ A） alway
5、s （ B） occasionally （ C） constantly （ D） regularly 10 He often finds fault with my work. （ A） criticizes （ B） praises （ C） evaluates （ D） talks about 11 The little gift grasped her mothers arm as she crossed the street. （ A） understood （ B） had a hold over （ C） took hold of （ D） left hold of 12 In j
6、udging our work you should take into consideration the fact that we have been very busy recently. （ A） thought （ B） mind （ C） account （ D） memory 13 I can no longer tolerate his actions. （ A） put up with （ B） accept （ C） take （ D） suffer from 14 The doctors have abandoned the hope to rescue the old
7、man. （ A） left （ B） given up （ C） turned clown （ D） refused 15 Have you talked to her lately? （ A） lastly （ B） shortly （ C） recently （ D） immediately 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22 题 ，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 16 Studies Show US Spendi
8、ng Doesnt Get Best Health The United States may spend twice as much on health care as other rich countries but it is not getting results to match, according to studies released on Tuesday. But in the study of five wealthy countries, published in the journal Health Affairs, researchers found no singl
9、e nation had clearly the worst or best health care system. Gerard Anderson at Johns Hopkins Universitys school of public health and colleagues came up with a list of 21 health fields they could evenly compare across the five countries Australia, Canada, Britain, New Zealand and the United States. “N
10、one of the five countries is consistently the best or the worst on all 21 indicators,“ Anderson said during a telephone briefing for reporters. “If you are looking for the place to get the best care, there isnt a single place. Every country has at least one indicator where it scores the best of the
11、five countries and each country has at least one indicator where it scores the worst of the five countries.“ But, he said, the United States is not getting value for money. “The United States should be particularly concerned about these results, given that we spend twice as much on health care as an
12、y other country. So spending more doesnt necessarily result in better outcomes.“ Andersons group of international health experts sponsored by the Commonwealth Fund spent five years working on the study, getting the latest possible data from the five countries on areas such as breast cancer and leuke
13、mia survival, suicide rates, death rates from asthma, vaccination rates and cancer screening. 16 The US spends twice as much on health care as other rich countries. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 The US is the place where people get the best health care. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not m
14、entioned 18 Each year, the US spends more money on health care than the previous one. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 The more a country spends on health care, the better care its people enjoy. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 The study involved 5 countries and lasted 5 years.
15、 （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 The other four countries provide better health care than the US. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 The US is determined to do something about its health care system. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面
16、的短文后有 2项测试任 务： (1)第 23-26 题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30 题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 23 Plants and Diseases 1 Plants, like animals, are subject to diseases of various kinds. It has been estimated that some 30,000 different diseases attack our economic plants; forty are known to attack co
17、rn, and about as many attack wheat. The results of unchecked plant diseases are all to obvious in countries which have marginal food supplies. The problem will soon be more widespread as the population of the world increases at its frightening rate. Even in countries which are now amply fed by their
18、 agricultural products there could soon be critical food shortages. It is easy to imagine the consequences of some disastrous attack on one of the major crops; the resulting famines could kill millions of people, and the resulting hardship on other millions could cause political unrest disastrous to
19、 the order of the world. 2 Some plants have relative immunity to a great many diseases, while others have a suceptibility(易感性 ) to them. The tolerance of a particular plant changes as the growing conditions change. A blight(枯萎病 ) may be but a local infection easily controlled; on the other hand it c
20、an attack particular plants in a whole region or nation. An example is the blight which killed virtually every chestnut tree in North America. Another is the famous potato blight in Ireland in the last century. As a result of that, it was estimated that one million people died of starvation and rela
21、ted diseases. 3 Plant scientists have made remarkable strides in identifying the pathogens(病原菌 ) of various diseases. Bacteria may invade a plant through an infestation(大批出没 )of insect parasites carrying the pathogen. Other diseases might be caused by fungus(真菌 )which attacks the plant in the form o
22、f rust. 4 Frequently such a primary infection will weaken the plant so that a secondary infection may result from its lack of tolerance. The symptoms shown may cause an error in diagnosis, so that treatment may be directed toward bacteria which could be the result of a susceptibility caused by a pri
23、mary virus infection. 23 A Improvement in Researching Diseases B The Results of Plant Diseases C Mistake made in Diagnosis D Killing Insects E A Major Crop Disease F The Reasons of Plant Diseases 23 Paragraph 2 _ 24 Paragraph 3 _ 25 Paragraph 4 _ 26 Paragraph 5 _ 27 A famines in poor countries B hav
24、e low immunity to them C an increase of world population D improving growing conditions E lead to political unrest F attack wheat 27 40Diseases are know to _. 28 A major crop disease, if not checked, would result in _. 29 Some plants can resist a great many diseases, while others _. 30 Plant disease
25、s can be prevented by _. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45 题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5 道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 31 Economic Costs of Noise The economic costs of noise to society are several. Airports are currently operating at less than capacity because of noise regulations which restrict their hours of operation. F
26、or in stance, at Washingtons National Airport no jet traffic is allowed from 11 pm to 7 am. Other airports restrict the use of certain runways. One estimate is that noise restrictions reduce possible airport use by 20 percent. The profitable cargo trade is especially affected by night restrictions.
27、In the case of airports, jet engines may be modified to reduce their noise level, or insulation(隔音 ) from air traffic noise may be provided by the purchase of land around airports or the insulation of buildings. One estimate is that 5.7 billion would be required to equip all existing jet engines wit
28、h noise control devices. However, considering the current state of the art, even taking this step will not reduce noise levels at all points to acceptable values. Some combination of methods is probably necessary. If all aircraft were made quieter by existing methods, there would be a number of econ
29、omic benefits. An increase in airport capacity would occur. Property values near airports might rise. Transportation costs to and from airports could be reduced since the airports now could be located closer to population centers. Much research still needs to be done on the economic aspects of noise
30、 reduction and noise effects. Although some of the effects of noise pollution are known, more must be discovered about its effects on health, productivity, property values and the quality of life. Furthermore, the cost of noise pollution control to the economy as a whole needs to be investigated. Th
31、e public must be alerted to the dangers and economic costs of noise pollution so that people may make intelligent choices and exert appropriate pressures. 31 There is no jet traffic at Washingtons National Airport from 11pm to 7am because _. （ A） it is extremely dangerous to fly in the dark （ B） noi
32、se regulations restrict the hours of airport operation （ C） some of its runways are not in good condition （ D） cargo planes produce disturbing noise 32 “The current state of the art“(in Para. 2) means _. （ A） a developed sense of beauty （ B） the volume of present-day traffic （ C） the most recently d
33、eveloped technology （ D） insulation of air traffic noise 33 Noise reduction could lead to _. （ A） increased airport capacity （ B） lower property values （ C） effective modification of existing jet engines （ D） more transportation costs to and from airports 34 What is NOT mentioned in the passage? （ A
34、） Psychological strain. （ B） Handling capacity of cargo. （ C） Measures for noise reduction. （ D） Public pressures. 35 The author of the passage in concerned primarily with _. （ A） the effects of noise on the quality of life （ B） the role of air traffic restrictions （ C） the production of quieter eng
35、ines （ D） the economic aspects of noise reduction 36 The Roles of Men and Women In a family where the roles of men and women are not sharply separated and where many household tasks are shared to a greater or lesser extent, notions of male superiority are hard to maintain. The pattern of sharing in
36、tasks and in decisions makes for equality, and this in turn leads to further sharing. In such a home, the growing boy and girl learn to accept that equality more easily than did their parents and to prepare more fully for participation in a world characterized by cooperation rather than by the “batt
37、le of the sexes“. If the process goes too far and mans role is regarded as less importantand that has happened in some caseswe are as badly off as before, only in reverse. It is time to realize the role of the man in the American family. We are getting a little tired of “Momism(母亲崇拜 )“But we dont wa
38、nt to exchange it for a “neoPopism(爸爸至上 ).“ What we need, rather, is the recognition that bringing up children involves a partnership of equals. There are signs that psychiatrists(精神病医生 ), psychologist(心理学家 ), social workers, and specialists on the family are becoming more aware of the part men play
39、 and that they have decided that women should not receive all the creditnot all the blame. We have almost given up saying that a womans place is in the home. We are beginning, however, to analyze mans place in the home and to insist that he does have a place in it. Nor is that place irrelevant to th
40、e healthy development of the child. The family is a co-operative enterprise for which it is difficult to lay down rules, because each family needs to work out its own ways for solving its own problems. Excessive authoritarianism(权力主义，独裁主义 ) has unhappy consequences, whether it wears skirts or trouse
41、rs, and the ideal of equal rights and equal responsibilities is pertinent(有关的 ) not only to a healthy democracy, but also to a healthy family. 36 Sharing tasks and decisions in the home leads to _. （ A） masculine (男性化的 ) women （ B） effeminate (女性化的 ) men （ C） inequality （ D） further sharing 37 The d
42、anger in the sharing of household tasks by the mother and father is that _. （ A） the role of the father may become an inferior one （ B） the role of the mother may become an inferior one （ C） the children will grow up believing that that life is a battle of the sexes （ D） sharing leads to constant ar
43、guing 38 According to the author, the solution of family problems _. （ A） is left in the hands of social workers （ B） is similar in all families （ C） can be reached by following ironclad(不易变更的 ) rules （ D） needs to be reached by ways unique to each family 39 The author states that bringing up childr
44、en _. （ A） is mainly the mothers job （ B） belongs among the duties of the father （ C） is the job of schools and churches （ D） involves a partnership of equals 40 According to the author, the fathers role in the home is _. （ A） minor because he is an ineffectual parent （ B） irrelevant to the healthy
45、development of the child （ C） pertinent to the healthy development of the child （ D） identical to the role of the childs mother 41 Relaxation During a state of deep relaxation, several physiological changes take place in the body: the bodys oxygen consumption is reduced; the heart heat decreases; mu
46、scle tension and sweating ease, and there is decreased sympathetic(交感的 ) nervous system activity. This restful state not only allows the body to repair and restore itself, but it has a calming effect on the consciousness. How to achieve this state of relaxation, however, is a matter of opinion, and
47、in some medical circles, a matter of controversy(争论 ). A recent report by Dr. David Holmes of the University of Kansas in the journal “American Psychologist“ said that simply sitting in an armchair has just as many beneficial characteristics for the body as meditation(冥想 ) does. Researchers of other
48、 relaxation techniques disagree. These experts believe that more structured techniques, such as meditation, lead to a condition of deep relaxation. The debate goes on, but one thing appears to be clear that the relaxation response can be reached by a number of methods, and the methods themselves are
49、 not as important as getting there. One day, one method may work best; on another day, an alternative method may be more appropriate. Once you are aware of all the methods, you can find the one that works best for you. Some of the relaxation techniques are meditation, autoanalysis (自我心理分析 ) and progressive muscle relaxation. Although these techniques may not, in the end, pr
