1、职称英语（卫生类） ABC级综合模拟试卷 9及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 Many fine cooks insist on ingredients of the highest quality. （ A） demand （ B） rely on （ C） prepare for （ D） create 2 Since the Great Depression, the United States government has protected
2、farmers from damaging drops in grain prices. （ A） slight （ B） surprising （ C） sudden （ D） harmful 3 Cement was seldom used in building during the Middle Ages. （ A） crudely （ B） rarely （ C） originally （ D） symbolically 4 Nerve signals may travel through nerve or muscle fibers at speeds as high as two
3、 hundred miles per hour. （ A） velocities （ B） impulses （ C） ratios （ D） atrocities 5 The poet William Carlos Williams was a New Jersey physician. （ A） doctor （ B） professor （ C） physicist （ D） resident 6 Medicine depends on other fields for basic information, particularly some of their specialized b
4、ranches. （ A） conventionally （ B） obviously （ C） especially （ D） inevitably 7 We shall take the treasure away to a safe place. （ A） clean （ B） pretty （ C） distant （ D） secure 8 An important part of the national government is the Foreign Service, a branch of the Department of State. （ A） a unity （ B）
5、 a division （ C） an embassy （ D） an invasion 9 The childs abnormal behavior puzzled the doctor. （ A） bad （ B） frightening （ C） repeated （ D） unusual 10 There is an abundant supply of cheap labor in this country. （ A） a steady （ B） a plentiful （ C） an extra （ D） a meager 11 In order to improve our st
6、andard of living, we have to accelerate production. （ A） step up （ B） decrease （ C） stop （ D） control 12 Gas does accumulate in the mines around here. （ A） increase （ B） spread （ C） collect （ D） grow 13 Our plan is to allocate one member of staff to handle appointments. （ A） assign （ B） persuade （ C
7、） ask （ D） order 14 Her behavior is extremely childish. （ A） simple （ B） immature （ C） beautiful （ D） foolish 15 We also want to use the water to irrigate barren desert land. （ A） hairless （ B） bare （ C） empty （ D） bald 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择
8、 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 16 Smoking Since 1939, numerous studies have been conducted to determine whether smoking is a health hazard. The trend of the evidence has been consistent and indicates that there is a serious health risk. Research teams have conducted studies that show bey
9、ond all reasonable doubt that tobacco smoking is associated with a shortened life expectancy. Cigarette smoking is believed by most research workers in this field to be an important factor in the development of cancer of the lungs and cancer of the throat and is believed to be related to cancer of s
10、ome other organs of the body. Male cigarette smokers have a higher death rate from heart disease than non-smoking males. Female smokers are thought to be less affected because they do not breathe in the smoke so deeply. Apart from statistics, it might be helpful to look at what smoking tobacco does
11、to the human body. Smoke is a mixture of gases, vaporized chemicals, minute particles of ash and other solids. There is also nicotine, which is powerful poison, and black tar. As smoke is breathed in, all those components form deposits on the membranes of the lungs. One point of concentration is whe
12、re the air tube and bronchus divides. Most lung cancer begins at this point. Filters and low tar tobacco are claimed to make smoking to some extent safer, but they can only slightly reduce, not eliminate the hazards. 16 It is easy to determine whether smoking is hazardous. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C）
13、 Not mentioned 17 Smoking reduces ones life expectancy. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 Smoking may induce lung cancer. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 There is evidence that smoking is responsible for breast cancer. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 Male smokers ha
14、ve a lower death rate from heart disease than female smokers. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 Nicotine is poisonous. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 Filters and low tar tobacco make smoking safe. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的
15、短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 23 Napping to a Healthier Heart? 1. Researchers say they have developed a simple test that can tell if a person with heart disease is likely to suffer a heart attack. The test measures levels of a protein in
16、 the blood. The researchers say people with high levels of this protein are at high risk of heart attack, heart failure or stroke. 2. Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo of the University of California in San Francisco led the team. For about four years, they studied almost one thousand patients with heart dise
17、ase. The researchers tested the heart disease patients for a protein called NT-proBNP. Patients with the highest levels were nearly eight times more likely than those with the lowest levels to have a heart attack, heart failure or stroke. 3. The researchers say the presence of high levels of the pro
18、tein in the blood shows that the heart muscle is under pressure in some way. The study involved mostly men, so the researchers could not say for sure5 that the results are also true for women. They say the patients with the highest levels of NT-proBNP were older and had other problems like diabetes
19、or high blood pressure. 4. Other researchers say more studies are needed to confirm if knowing the protein levels of a heart patient should affect that persons treatment. They also would like to know if more aggressive treatment could reduce the patients chance of a heart attack or stroke. The study
20、 appeared in the Journal of the American Medical Association. 5. Could a little sleep during the middle of the day reduce the risk of a heart attack? An unrelated study earlier this month in the Archives of Internal Medicine suggests that the answer may be yes. In countries like the United States, a
21、fternoon naps are mostly for children. But they are common for adults in Mediterranean countries. And these countries generally have lower rates of heart disease. So scientists in the United States and Greece wondered if naps could play a part. Twenty-three thousand healthy adults took part in the s
22、tudy by Harvard University and the University of Athens. Those who took thirty-minute naps three times a week had a thirty-seven percent lower risk of death from heart problems than people who did not take naps. 6. The researchers say napping may improve heart health by reducing stress. They say the
23、 research suggests that naps are especially good for working men. But they say not enough female subjects died during the study to judge the benefits for women. 23 A Effects of Napping in Females Still Uncertain B Older Males Have Higher Levels of NT-proBNP C Development of a Simple but Important Te
24、st D Evidence of Positive Relationship Between Napping and Heart Disease E How to Control the Levels of NT-proBNP F Effects of NT-proBNP on Heart Disease 23 Paragraph 2 _ 24 Paragraph 3 _ 25 Paragraph 5 _ 26 Paragraph 6 _ 27 A where fewer people die from heart problem. B whether they have the risk o
25、f heart attack, heart failure or stroke. C would probably have lower rates of heart disease. D how to test a persons NT-proBNP level in the blood by himself. E his heart muscle would be under pressure in some way. F that napping is of great benefit to women too. 27 According to some researchers, by
26、measuring the levels of NT-proBNP in the blood people may know _ 28 If a person has a high level of NT-proBNP _ 29 People who take regular afternoon naps _ 30 So far there have not been definite data to confirm _ 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 31 Bringing Nanotec
27、hnology to Health Care for the Poor Nanotechnology uses matter at the level of molecules and atoms. Researchers are finding different uses for particles with a length of one nanometer, or one-billionth of a meter. These include things like beauty products and dirt-resistant clothing. But one area wh
28、ere many experts believe nanotechnology holds great promise is medicine. Last week, speakers at a program in Washington discussed using nanotechnology to improve health care in developing countries. The program took place at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. Peter Singer at the U
29、niversity of Toronto says a nanotechnology called quantum dots could be used to confirm cases of malaria. He says it could offer a better way than the traditional process of looking at a persons blood under a microscope. In poor countries, this process is often not followed. As a result, sick people
30、 may get treated for malaria even if they do not have it. Such misuse of medicines can lead to drug resistance. Quantum dots are particles that give off light when activated. Researchers are studying ways to program them to identify diseases by lighting up in the presence of a targeted molecule. Exp
31、erts say nanotechnology shows promise not just for diagnosing diseases, but also for treating them. Piotr Grodzinski of the National Institutes of Health talked about how nanotechnology could make drugs more effective. He talked about cancer drugs already developed with nanotechnology. He says if a
32、drug can target a cancer locally in the body, then much less of it might be needed, and that means lower side effects. Andrew Maynard is chief scientist for the Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies at the Woodrow Wilson Center. He noted that Brazil, India, China and South Africa are currently doing
33、nanotechnology research that could help poor countries. But he also noted that there is some risk in using nano-materials. He says nanometer-sized particles behave differently in the body and the environment compared to larger particles. Experts say more investment in research is needed to better un
34、derstand these risks. 31 Which of the following uses of nanotechnology is NOT mentioned in the passage? （ A） To make beauty products and dirt-resistant clothing. （ B） To produce better and lighter building materials. （ C） To help more accurately diagnose diseases. （ D） To help more effectively treat
35、 diseases. 32 How can quantum dots be used to confirm diseases? （ A） By traditionally looking at a persons blood under a microscope. （ B） By letting a person take some kind of medicine. （ C） By lighting up in the presence of a targeted molecule. （ D） By subjecting a person to an X-ray examination. 3
36、3 How can nanotechnology be used to make a drug more effective? （ A） By making a drug target the locus of a disease. （ B） By changing the structure of the body cells. （ C） By lowering the side effects caused by a drug. （ D） By letting a patient take a dose as large as possible. 34 The following deve
37、loping countries are doing very well scientific research on nanotechnology EXCEPT _. （ A） China （ B） Brazil （ C） Iran （ D） India 35 Which of the following is the possible risk in using nano-materials mentioned in the passage? （ A） They may cause some damage to the body cells. （ B） They are harmful m
38、aterials themselves. （ C） They may store in the body. （ D） They may behave differently in the body and the environment. 36 Medical Journals Medical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and other health professionals. In the past, these journals were available only
39、in print. With the development of electronic publishing, many medical journals now have Web sites on the Internet, and some journals publish only online. A few medical journals, like the Journal of the American Medical Association, are considered general medical journals because they cover many fiel
40、ds of medicine. Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus on a particular area of medicine. Medical journals publish many types of articles. Research articles report the results of research studies on a range of topics varying from the basic mechanisms of diseases to clinical trials th
41、at compare outcomes of different treatments. Review articles summarize and analyze the information available on a specific topic based on a careful search of the medical literature. Because the results of individual research studies can be affected by many factors, combining results from different s
42、tudies on the same topic can be helpful in reaching conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing, diagnosing or treating a particular disease. Case conferences and case reports may be published in medical journals to educate physicians about particular illnesses and how to treat them. Ed
43、itorials in medical journals are short essays that express the views of the authors, often regarding a research or review article published in the same issue. Editorials provide perspective on how the current article fits with other information on the same topic. Letters to the editor provide a way
44、for readers of the medical journal to express comments, questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal. 36 The main readers of medical journals are （ A） the general public. （ B） health professionals. （ C） medical critics. （ D） news reporters. 37 Which of the following statements is
45、 NOT true? （ A） Many medical journals also publish online. （ B） A few medical journals are general medical journals. （ C） Most medical journals publish only online. （ D） Most medical journals are specialty journals. 38 How many major types of articles are mentioned in the passage? （ A） Five. （ B） Se
46、ven. （ C） Four. （ D） Six. 39 An article dealing with results from different studies on the same topic is called （ A） a research article. （ B） a review article. （ C） a case report. （ D） an editorial. 40 Letters to the editor enable readers of a medical journal to express comments on （ A） any medical
47、event. （ B） articles published in the same issue. （ C） articles published in that journal. （ D） medical development. 41 Need for Emphasis on Treatment AIDS programs in developing countries put too little emphasis on treatment, the World Health Organization said Tuesday, asking for more small communi
48、ty-based clinics to be opened to treat HIV-infected people. An estimated 36 million to 46 million people are living with AIDS, two-thirds of them in Africa, but only 440,000 people in developing countries were receiving treatment by the end of 2003, the UN health agency said in its annual report. “W
49、ithout treatment, all of them will die a premature and in most cases painful death,“ the WHO said in the 169-page World Health Report. WHO Director General Lee Jong-wook said community-based treatment should be added to disease prevention and care for sufferers in AIDS programs. “Future generations will judge our time in large part by our response to the AIDS disease,“ Lee said. “By tackling it decisively we will also be building health systems that can meet the health n
