1、职称英语（卫生类） B级模拟试卷 13及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定 1个意义最为接近选项。 1 She eventually married the most persistent one of her admirers. （ A） in a way （ B） in due course （ C） in the end （ D） in any case 2 Five minutes left, the outcome of the match was still in do
2、ubt. （ A） result （ B） judgment （ C） decision （ D） event 3 The reporter was accused of unprofessional conduct. （ A） movement （ B） words （ C） principle （ D） behavior 4 He made a considerable sum of money in real estate. （ A） large （ B） positive （ C） powerful （ D） realistic 5 A crowd gathered to see wh
3、at had happened. （ A） collected （ B） fixed （ C） divided （ D） assisted 6 If I made a mistake ,I will try to remedy it. （ A） clarify （ B） diagnose （ C） evaporate （ D） correct 7 We derive information mainly from the Internet. （ A） deprive （ B） obtain （ C） descend （ D） trace 8 His sole motive was to mak
4、e her happy. （ A） aim （ B） argument （ C） capability （ D） pursuit 9 He could not tolerate the extremes of heat in the desert. （ A） bear （ B） hate （ C） like （ D） criticize 10 These factors interact intimately and cannot be separated. （ A） tensely （ B） nearly （ C） carefully （ D） closely 11 She exhibite
5、d great powers of endurance during the climb. （ A） play （ B） send （ C） show （ D） tell 12 The eternal motion of the stars fascinated him. （ A） long （ B） never-ending （ C） boring （ D） extensive 13 She could not answer ,it was an immense load off her heart. （ A） natural （ B） fatal （ C） tiny （ D） enormo
6、us 14 The book made a great impact on its readers. （ A） force （ B） influence （ C） surprise （ D） power 15 Accompanied by cheerful music ,we began to dance. （ A） pleasant （ B） colorful （ C） fashionable （ D） different 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22 题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如
7、果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 16 Suppose you make your parents so happy, they decide to have another baby just like you. It might be flattering(讨人喜欢的 ), but how would you feel about having a little brother or sister who is also your twin? A laboratory experiment conducted last fall suggests
8、 it may someday be possible. For the first time ever, scientists made exact copies, or clones(克隆 ), of a human embryo. Although the embryos grew for only six days, cloned embryos could theoretically be implanted in a womans womb(子宫 )and develop into normal babies. Or they could be frozen and implant
9、ed years later. The scientists developed their cloning technique to make it easier for childless couples to have babies by in vitro(在体外的 )fertilization. In this procedure, sperm(精子 ) from the man fertilizes an egg from the woman in a laboratory dish. In most case, doctors must try implanting several
10、 embryos before one stays in the womb.Cloned embryos would give them many more embryos to implant. But the technique could also be used for other purposes. Parents might freeze embryos cloned from their children so that they could be replaced if any of them died.The clones would also be ideal donors
11、 if the children needed organ transplants. Another possibility: Childless couples could go to a bank of frozen embryos and choose a child just like one whos already living. Some people are concerned that these couples might pick only beautiful, successful children. The ethical dilemmas(困境 )of clonin
12、g have not yet been discussed fully because the public assumed it was a long way off. Many people are calling for(要求，提倡 )controls on cloning immediately before the practice is abused.What do you think? 16 In an experiment conducted last autumn, scientists made exact copies of a human embryo for the
13、first time. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 The scientists developed their cloning technique to make it easier for childless couples to have babies by in vivo fertilization. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 After the egg is fertilized the nucleus begins dividing. （ A） Right （
14、B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 The technique is just used for providing embryos. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 The technique can make a dead person alive. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 The ethical dilemmas of cloning has prevented it from further developing. （ A） Right （
15、B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 There is a delicately balanced relationship between the state of the pre-germ cell nuclei and the position in which they find themselves. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26 题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最
16、佳标题； (2)第 27-30 题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 23 Antibiotics are drugs produced by certain microbes. Antibiotic substances are obtained from bacteria and fungi that live in the air, soil, and water. Most antibiotics are used by physicians to fight various diseases caused by harmful microbes. A few are
17、 used to treat certain cancers. Antibiotics are sometimes called“ wonder drugs because they can cure many diseases that once were often fatal. The number of deaths that are caused by pneumonia and scarlet fever has declined drastically since people began using antibiotics. 2. There are more than 70
18、clinically useful antibiotics, Antibiotics fight pathogenic microbes and cancer cells by interfering with their normal cell processes. In most cases, this interference can occur in one of three ways: prevention of cell wall formation, disruption of the cell membrane, and disruption of chemical proce
19、sses. 3. The contents of bacterial cells are enclosed in a membrane that is surrounded by a rigid wall that prevents the cells from splitting open. Penicillins and some other antibiotics destroy pathogenic microbes by hindering the formation of this wall. Human cells do not have nor need rigid cell
20、walls and so are not damaged by these antibiotics. 4. Some antibiotics, including nystatin, disrupt the cell membrane of certain microbes. This membrane controls the movement of materials in and out of the cell. If the membrane is disrupted, vital nutrients may escape from the cell, or poisonous sub
21、stances may enter and kill the cell. But the membranes of human cells are not affected because these antibiotics disrupt cell membranes that contain elements found only in microbial cells. 5. All cells produce proteins and nucleic acids, which are vital to the life of any organism. Some antibiotics
22、fight disease by interfering with the chemical processes by which these substances are produced.For example, streptomycin prevent certain kinds of microbes from producing proteins, and rifampin interferes with the formation of nucleic acids. Human cells produce proteins and nucleic acids in much the
23、 same way that microbial cells do. But these processes differ enough so that some antibiotics interfere with chemical activities in microbial cells but not in human cells. 23 A. Autibiotics destroy pathosenic microbes by preventing the formation of the walls surrounding the membranes of the microbia
24、l cells that prevent the cells from split- ting open. B. More than 70 clinically useful antibiotics have been in- vented to fight pathogenic microbes and cancer cells by interacting with their normal cell processes. C. Human cells are not surrounded by a membrane D. Some antibiotics disrupt the cell
25、 membrane of certain microbes, letting vital nutrients to escape form the cell or poisonous substances to enter and kill the cell. E. Nystatin is used to disrupt the wall surrounding the membrane. F. Some antibiotics fight disease by interfering with chemical activities in microbial cells but not in
26、 human cells. 23 Paragraph 2_。 24 Paragraph 3_。 25 Paragraph 4_。 26 Paragraph 5_。 27 A. antibiotics disrupt cell membranes that contain elements found only in microbial cells B. people began using antibiotics C. wonder drugs D. Penicillin may destroy normal cells of human beings E. vital to the life
27、 of any organism F. disruption of the cell membrane 27 Antibiotics cure diseases that used to be incurable, so they are sometimes called 28 The number of people who died from pneumonia and scarlet fever has declined since 29 The membranes of human cells can not be disrupted because 30 All cells prod
28、uce proteins and nucleic acids which are 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45 题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5 道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 31 Volunteers are being recruited(征募 ) to eat raw potatoes in the first human trials of a vaccine grown in genetically engineered vegetables. Researchers in Texas hope that people who eat t
29、he potatoes will be protected against common gut(肠，肠子 ) infections. They believe this technique could prove to be a cost-effective way of growing vaccines in developing countries where such diseases are still killers. Other researchers previously succeeded in using similar techniques to produce pote
30、ntial vaccines Now Hugh Mason and his colleagues at Texas A they maintain that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of the behavior. Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere
31、 between these two extremes. That the controversy will continue for a long time is certain. 41 According to the passage, people have wondered for a long time （ A） why one is different from another （ B） how one has certain personalities and behaviors （ C） why one is more intelligent than another （ D）
32、 why one is cooperative and another is competitive 42 Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? （ A） Two theories have been developed by social scientists in an attempt to explain why people possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. （ B） Two school have been set u
33、p to do research on peoples characteristics and behaviors. （ C） Two approaches have been found out by behaviorists to explain ones personalities and behaviors. （ D） Social scientists think it is nature that determines ones personalities and behaviors. 43 The “nature school“ believes . （ A） it is bio
34、logical and genetic factors not environment that determine ones personalities and behaviors （ B） ones personalities and behaviors are predetermined and we cannot control them （ C） ones characteristics and abilities have something to do with environment while behaviors do not （ D） ones behaviors depe
35、nd more on environment than on biologically based instincts 44 The “ nurture“ theory tries to explain _ （ A） it is our environment not biologically based instincts that determines how we will act （ B） human beings are completely shaped by their surroundings （ C） environment is more important than bi
36、ological and genetic factors in shaping one s behaviors （ D） one acts because he has to adapt himself to the environment 45 The two theories （ A） are contradictory to each other （ B） cannot fully. explain human behavior （ C） have much in common in explaining human behaviors （ D） will be replaced by
37、other theories soon 五、 补全短文 (第 46-50，每题 2分，共 10 分 ) 下面的短文有 5处空白，短文后有 6个句子，其中 5个取自短文 ，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 46 magnetic field (磁场 ) generated as electric currents flow through objects (物体 ), physicists have man aged【 S1】 . The technology will allow manufacturers to scan microchips for faults, as
38、 well as revealing microscopic defects in anything from aircraft to banknotes. Gang Xiao and Ben Schrag at Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island, visualize the current h measuring subtle (细微的 ) changes in the magnetic field of an object and【 S2】 . Their sensor is adapted from an existing piec
39、e (现有配件 ) of technology that is used to measure larg magnetic fields in computer hard drives. “We redesigned the magnetic sensor to make it capable of meas uring (测量 ) very weak changes in magnetic fields,“ says Xiao. The resulting device is capable of detecting (测定 ) a current as weak as 10 microam
40、peres, even whe: the wire is buried deep within a chip, and it shows up features (图案 )as small as 40 nanometers across. At present, engineers looking for defects (缺陷 ) in a chip have to peel off (剥开 ) the layers and ex amine the circuits visually; this is one of the obstacles【 S3】 . But the new magn
41、etic microscope i sensitive enough to look inside chips and reveal faults such as short circuits, nicks in the wires or electro migration (电迁移 )where a dense area of current picks up surrounding atoms and moves them along “It is like watching a river flow,“ explains Xiao. As well as scanning tiny ci
42、rcuits, the microscope can be used to reveal the internal structure of an: object capable of conducting electricity. For example, it could look directly at microscopic cracks in a: airplanes fuselage,【 S4】 . The technique cannot yet pick up electrical activity in the human: brain because the current
43、 there is too small, but Xiao doesnt rule it out (排除 的可能性 ) in the future. “I can never say never,“ he says. Although the researchers have only just made the technical details of the microscope public, it is al ready on sale, (上市 ) from electronics company Micro Magnetics in Fall River, Massachusett
44、s. It is currently the size of a refrigerator and takes several minutes to scan a circuit, but Xiao and Schrag are work ing【 S5】 . A.to shrink it to the size of a desktop computer and cut the scanning time to 30 seconds B.to making chips any smaller C.to take tiny chips we require D.to picture the p
45、rogress of the currents E. converting the information into a color picture showing the density of current at each point F. faults in the metal strip of a forged banknote or bacteria in a water sample 46 【 S1】 47 【 S2】 48 【 S3】 49 【 S4】 50 【 S5】 六、 完形填空 (第 51-65 题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面的短文有 15 处空白，请根据短文内容为
46、每处空白确定 1个最佳选项。 51 Nearly three in 10 men have experienced violence at the hands of an intimate partner during their lifetimes, according to one of the few studies to look【 H1】 domestic violence and health among men. “Many men actually do experience domestic violence, although we dont hear about it【
47、H2】 ,“ Dr. Robert J. Reid of the University of Washington in Seattle, one of the authors, told Reuters Health. “They often don t tell【 H3】 we don t ask. We want to get the message out to men who【 H4】experience domestic violence that they are not alone and there are resources available to【 H5】 “ The
48、researchers asked study participants about physical abuse and non-physical【 H6】 such as threats that made them【 H7】 for their safety, controlling behavior (for example, being told who they could associate with and where they could go), and constant name-calling. Among men 18 to 54 years old, 14.2 pe
49、rcent said they had experienced intimate partner【 H8】 in the past five years, while 6 . 1 percent reported domestic violence in the previous year. Rates were lower for men 55 and【 H9】 , with 5 .3 percent reporting violence in the past five years and 2 .4 percent having experienced it in the past 12 months. Overall, 30.5 percent of men younger than 55 and 26 .5 percent of older men said they had been victims of【 H10】 violence at some point in their lives. About half of the violence the men【 H11】was physical. However,
