1、职称英语（理工类） A级模拟试卷 45及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 Rodman met with Tony to try and settle the dispute over his contract. （ A） mark （ B） involve （ C） solve （ D） avoid 2 Were happy to report that business is booming this year. （ A） failing （ B）
2、open （ C） successful （ D） risky 3 If we leave now, we should miss the traffic （ A） avoid （ B） mix （ C） direct （ D） stop 4 In the process, the light energy converts to heat energy. （ A） leaves （ B） drops （ C） reduces （ D） , changes 5 I was shocked when I saw the size of the telephone bill. （ A） surpr
3、ised （ B） lost （ C） excited （ D） angry 6 Can you give me a concrete example to support your idea? （ A） special （ B） good （ C） real （ D） specific 7 Weve been through some rough times together. （ A） short （ B） difficult （ C） long （ D） happy 8 It was a fascinating painting, with clever use of color and
4、 light. （ A） new （ B） familiar （ C） large （ D） wonderful 9 The company has the right to end his employment at any time. （ A） offer （ B） stop （ C） provide （ D） continue 10 She gave up her job and started writing poetry. （ A） lost （ B） abandoned （ C） took （ D） created 11 The police took fingerprints a
5、nd identified the body. （ A） discovered （ B） touched （ C） missed （ D） recognized 12 What are my chances of promotion if I stay here? （ A） retirement （ B） replacement （ C） advertisement （ D） advancement 13 Weve seen a marked shift in our approach to the social issues. （ A） regular （ B） great （ C） cle
6、ar （ D） quick 14 The thief was finally captured two miles away from the village. （ A） found （ B） failed （ C） caught （ D） killed 15 I propose that we discuss this at the next meeting. （ A） request （ B） suggest （ C） demand （ D） order 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句
7、提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 A Great Quake Coining? Everyone who lives in San Francisco knows that earthquakes are common in the bay area and they can be devastating. In 1906, for example, a major quake destroyed about 28,000 buildings and killed hundreds, perhaps thousa
8、nds of people. Residents now wonder when the next “Big One“ will strike. Its bound to happen someday. At least seven active fault(断层 )lines run through the San Francisco area. Faults are places where pieces of Earths crust(地壳 )slide past each other. When these pieces slip, the ground shakes. To prep
9、are for that day, scientists are using new techniques to reanalyze the 1906 earthquake and predict how bad the damage might be when the next one happens. One new finding about the 1906 earthquake is that the San Andreas faults split apart faster than scientists had assumed at the time. During small
10、earthquakes, faults rupture(断裂 )at about 2.7 kilometers per second. During bigger quakes, however, ruptures can happen at rates faster than 3. 5 kilometers per second. At such high speeds, massive amounts of pressure build up, generating underground waves that can cause more damage than the quake it
11、self. Lucky for San Francisco, these pressure pulses(脉冲 )travel away from the city during the 1906 event. As bad as the damage was, it could have been far worse. Looking ahead, scientists are trying to predict when the next major quake will occur. Records show that earthquakes were common before 190
12、6. Since then, the earthquake has been relatively quiet. Patterns in the data, however, suggest that the probability of a major earthquake striking the Bay Area before 2032 is at least 62 percent. New buildings in San Francisco are quite safe in case of future quakes. Still, more than 84 percent of
13、the citys buildings are old and weak. Analysts suggest that another massive earthquake would cause extensive damage. People who live there tend to feel safe because San Francisco has remained pretty quiet for a while. According to the new research, however, its not a matter of if the Big One will hi
14、t. Its just a matter of when. 16 The San Francisco area is located above several active fault lines. （ A） Right. （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 The 1906 earthquake in San Francisco is the most severe one in American history. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 The highest speed of fault ru
15、ptures in the 1906 quake was more than 5 kilometers per second. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 Earthquakes rarely happened before 1906. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 San Francisco is fully prepared for another big earthquake. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 Sci
16、entist will be able to predict the exact time of an earthquake soon. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 A major earthquake striking San Francisco someday is inevitable. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5
17、段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 Local Newspapers in Britain Britain has a large circulation(发行量 )of the national newspapers. The Daily Mirror and The Daily Express both sell about 4 million copies each day. On average, every family will buy one newspaper in the morning, and tak
18、e two or three on Sundays. Local newspapers are just as popular as the national ones in Britain. Local papers have a weekly circulation of 13 million. Nearly every town and country area has its own paper, and almost every local paper is financially holding its own. Many local newspapers are earning
19、good profits. Local newspapers have their special characteristics. They mainly satisfy interest in local events births, weddings, deaths, council meetings, and sports. Editors often rely on a small staff of people who know the district well. Clubs and churches in the neighborhood regularly supply th
20、ese papers with much local news. Local news does not get out of date as quickly as national news. If there is no room for it in this weeks edition, a news item can be held over until the following week. The editor of a local newspaper never forgets that the success of any newspaper depends on advert
21、ising. For this reason, he is keen to keep the good will of local businessmen. If the newspaper sells well with carefully chosen news items to attract local readers, the businessmen will be grateful to the paper for the opportunity of keeping their products in the public eye. Local newspapers seldom
22、 comment on problems of national importance, and editors rarely take sides on political questions. But they can often provide service to the community in expressing public feeling on local issues. A newspaper can sometimes persuade the council to take action to improve transport, provide better shop
23、ping facilities, and preserve local monuments and places of interest. A. Keeping Good Relations with Local Businessmen B. Service Provided by Local Newspapers C. Large Circulation of the National Newspapers D. Special Features of Local Newspapers E. Power of Local Newspapers F. Popularity of Local N
24、ewspapers 23 Paragraph 2 . 24 Paragraph 3_. 25 Paragraph 4_. 26 Paragraph 5 _. 26 A. a lot of money B. people around the world C. morning D. people of the clubs and churches E. advertising 27 British people have the habit of reading newspapers in the_. 28 Many local newspapers in Britain are making_
25、. 29 Editors often get news from people who know the district well, such as_. 30 The success of the newspaper relies on_. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 Tom Alciere Mr. Alciere had not tried to conceal this. He posted vigorous notes on Internet discussion boar
26、ds; one, in October, declared that “nobody will ever be safe until the last cop is dead. “ He often joined in radio talk-shows, sometimes describing himself as “Angry Tom“. But in his election campaign Mr. Alciere was much mistier, he promised only to fight for individual freedom. He later said that
27、 he did not bring up his opinions about the police because nobody asked. This has prompted some soul-searching among journalists, and others, who failed to spot Angry Tom behind Candidate Tom. Mr. Alciere blames the voters. In one Internet message, he called his constituents “a bunch of fat, stupid,
28、 ugly old ladies that watch soap operas, play bingo, read tabloids and dont know the metric system“. These people, be it noted, are part of the New Hampshire electorate that is so often admired for its maverick charm, wielding much power in the choice of Americas presidents through its first-in-the-
29、nation primary. The point is that New Hampshire pays attention to presidential races, but considers its own state law makers pretty unimportant. As Ken Gidge, a radio talk-show host puts it, quite possibly “a dog-catcher in a particular community has more power“. New Hampshires legislature has 400 m
30、embers who face re-election every two years and earn an annual salary of $ 100. The legislature is a “dinosaur with a tiny little brain“, a symbol of New Hampshires disdain for government, says Arnie Arnesen, a political science professor at Franklin Pierce College. She claims that, in the past, som
31、e of its members have been found to have mental problems. No doubt others held opinions as pungent as Mr. Alcieres; but they did not have an Internet on which to publicize them. At first, Mr. Alciere refused to leave his seat, insisting he was “not a nut“. Then he said that he would step down, if 11
32、 law makers pledged to bring his pet bills to a roll-call vote. He wants to legalize drugs, ban involuntary commitments to mental institutions, and replace state schools with online education. On January 10th, a compromise was reached: another freshman Republican agreed to submit eight of his propos
33、als, and Mr. Alciere resigned. Some think he should have been kept around to remind voters that they sometimes get what they deserve. 31 Tom Alciere could have been elected to the state legislature because_. （ A） people were familiar with his name for his several attendance campaigns （ B） he was a c
34、harming person and gave thrills to his people （ C） he approved of killing policemen （ D） he was always the last one on the ballot list 32 In the election campaign, Mr. Alciere_. （ A） declared that all the cops should be killed （ B） showed his anger on radio talk-shows （ C） was not asked about the po
35、lice issue （ D） only played tricks with his constituents 33 Which of the following statements is NOT true? （ A） Some New Hampshire electorate has a little prestige in government. （ B） Journalists didnt pay enough attention to Alcieres hatred to police. （ C） Tom blamed his voters just to draw peoples
36、 attention. （ D） The “stupid, fat, ugly old ladies“ are a little popular in society. 34 The legislature is a “dinosaur with a tiny brain“ implies_. （ A） New Hampshire pays too much attention to presidential races （ B） legislature members have mental problems （ C） some people want to be as pungent as
37、 Mr. Alciere （ D） there is indifference of the people on its own state governing 35 Mr. Alciere at last_. （ A） refused to leave his seat （ B） would never pay his pet bills （ C） resigned with some compromises accepted by the legislature （ D） was expelled from the position by the opposite leader 35 Wo
38、rld Crude Oil Production May Peak a Decade Earlier Than Some Predict? In a finding that may speed efforts to conserve oil, scientists in Kuwait predict that world conventional crude oil production will peak in 2014. This prediction is almost a decade earlier than some other predictions. Their study
39、is in ACS Energy & Fuels. Ibrahim Nashawi and colleagues point out that rapid growth in global oil consumption has sparked a growing interest in predicting “peak oil“. “Peak oil“ is the point where oil production reaches a maximum and then declines. Scientists have developed several models to foreca
40、st this point, and some put the date at 2020 or later. One of the most famous forecast models is called the Hubbert model. It assumes that global oil production will follow a bell shaped curve. A related concept is that of “Peak Oil“. The term “Peak Oil“ indicates the moment in which worldwide produ
41、ction will peak, afterwards to start on irreversible decline. The Hubbert model accurately predicted that oil production would peak in the United States in 1970. The model has since gained in popularity and has been used to forecast oil production worldwide. However, recent studies show that the mod
42、el is insufficient to account for more complex oil production cycles of some countries. Those cycles can be heavily influenced by technology changes, politics, and other factors, the scientists say. The new study describes development of a new version of the Hubbert model that provides a more realis
43、tic and accurate oil production forecast. Using the new model, the scientists evaluated the oil production trends of 47 major oil-producing countries, which supply most of the worlds conventional crude oil. They estimated that worldwide conventional crude oil production will peak in 2014, years earl
44、ier than anticipated. The scientists also showed that the worlds oil reserves are being reduced at a rate of 2. 1 percent a year. The new model could help inform energy-related decisions and public policy debate, they suggest. 36 Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “sparked“ app
45、earing in Paragraph 2? （ A） Flashed. （ B） Stimulated. （ C） Changed. （ D） Ended. 37 The term “a bell shaped curve“ appearing in Paragraph 2 indicates that global oil production will_ （ A） take the shape of a flat curve （ B） keep growing （ C） keep declining （ D） start to decline after global oil produ
46、ction peaks 38 Which of the following is NOT true of the Hubbert model? （ A） It successfully predicted that oil production peaked in the U. S. in 1970. （ B） It has been used to predict oil production in many countries. （ C） It is insufficient to explain oil production cycles in some countries. （ D）
47、It provides a very realistic and accurate oil production. 39 What is the major achievement of the new study mentioned in the last paragraph? （ A） It predicts global oil production will peak in 2014. （ B） It predicts oil production will decline in 47 countries. （ C） It confirms further the effectiven
48、ess of the Hubbert model. （ D） It discovers a new trend of worldwide oil production. 40 Who develop the new version of the Hubbert model? （ A） American scientists. （ B） Kuwaiti scientists. （ C） British scientists. （ D） Scientists of 47 major oil-producing countries. 40 Of all the changes that have t
49、aken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage. It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in
