1、阅读同步练习试卷 38及答案与解析 一、 Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes, 40 points) Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each of the passages is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on
2、the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center. 0 Our bodies are wonderfully skilful at maintaining balance. When the temperature jumps, we sweat to cool down. When our blood pressure falls, our hearts pound to compensate. As it turned out, though, our natural state is not a steady one. Rese
3、archers are finding that everything from blood pressure to brain function varies rhythmically with the cycles of sun, moon and seasons. And their insights are yielding new strategies for keeping away such common killers as heart disease and cancer. Only one doctor in 20 has a good knowledge of the g
4、rowing field of “chronotherapeutics“, the strategic use of time (chronos) in medicine. But according to a new American Medical Association poll, three out of four are eager to change that “The field is exploding“, says Michael Smolensky. “Doctors used to look at us like, What space ship did you guys
5、 get off ? Now theyre thirsty to know more. “ In medical school, most doctors learn that people with chronic conditions should take their medicine at steady rates. “Its a terrible way to treat disease,“ says Dr. Richard Martin. For example, asthmatics (气喘患者 ) are most likely to suffer during the nig
6、ht. Yet most patients strive to keep a constant level of medicine in their blood day and night, whether by breathing in on an inhaler (吸入器 ) four times a day or taking a pill each morning and evening. In recent studies, researchers have found that a large midafternoon dose of a bronchodilator (支气管扩张
7、 剂 ) can be as safe as several small doses, and better for preventing nighttime attacks. If the night belongs to asthma, the dawn belongs to high blood pressure and heart disease. Heart attacks are twice as common at 9 a. m. as at 11 p. m. Part of the reason is that our blood pressure falls predicta
8、bly at night, then peaks as we start to work for the day. “Doctors know that,“ says Dr. Henry Black of Chicago Medical Center, “but until now, we havent been able to do anything about it. “ Most blood pressure drugs provide 18 to 20 hours of relief. But because theyre taken in the morning, theyre le
9、ast effective when most needed. “You take your pill at 7and its working by 9,“ says Dr. William White of the University of Connecticut Health Center. “But by that time youve gone through the worst four hours of the day with no protection,“Bedtime dosing would prevent that lapse, but it would also pu
10、sh blood pressure to dangerously low levels during the night. 1 According to the passage, how do human bodies maintain balance? （ A） They adjust themselves timely in line with their physical conditions. （ B） People increase or lower the body temperature by sweating. （ C） Peoples hearts pound to comp
11、ensate when the blood pressure goes up. （ D） Both B and C 2 Researchers are finding that_. （ A） heart disease and cancer are the most common killers of human beings （ B） blood pressure and brain function are decided by cycles of sun, moon and seasons （ C） the functions of human bodies have much to d
12、o with nature （ D） any change in human bodies goes systematically with changes in the environment 3 According to the author, it is best for asthmatics to take their medicines_. （ A） at steady rates （ B） each morning and evening （ C） when the disease occurs （ D） at midafternoon 4 Which of the followi
13、ng statements is NOT true? （ A） Doctors know more about chronotherapeutics than before. （ B） Doctors in the U. S. used to be thirsty to know more about the new medical field. （ C） The researchers insights are providing new strategies to prevent common killers. （ D） The strategic use of time in medic
14、ine attracts more attention in the medical circle in the U.S. 5 The suggested title for this passage might be_. （ A） Medicine Is Everything （ B） Treatment Is Everything （ C） Timing Is Everything （ D） Prevention Is Everything 5 Some day there will be a robot that takes the drudgery (苦工 ,单调沉闷的工作 ) out
15、 of housework and even cleans windows, but how soon such a robot will emerge is anybodys guess. Mr. Joseph Engelberger, President of Unimation, Inc. , which makes industrial robots, says a workable domestic robot might take shape by the late 1980s, but Mr. Ben Skora, an amateur robot builder now wor
16、king on his second creation, predicts household robots in about fifty years, and the Director of Stanford Universitys Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Dr. John McCarthy, says domestic robots are anywhere from five to five hundred years away. Although robots are already widely used in industry fro
17、m welding (焊接 ) car parts to handling explosives the gap between the industrial robot and a domestic one is great, according to Dr. McCarthy. Closing the gap will require an intellectual break-through. “Take the task of clearing the table and washing the dishes,“ he suggested. “The robots will have
18、to be able to discriminate between rubbish and dishes that should be washed and, meanwhile, not trip over the dog or baby on the floor on its way to the dishwasher. “ He said that the robot, which he defines as a general purpose physical action machine that is automatically controlled, probably will
19、 not end up looking anything like a human being. Instead the robot might have a central “brain“ that controls a whole army of bodies, like a staff of servants, each assigned to a specific duty. Mr. Engelberger thinks the domestic robot is right around in corner, just waiting for an economic boost to
20、 help it over the remaining technological hurdles. He expects the household robot to be modeled after an industrial forebear (祖先 ). “But the person who wants a robot will have to build this world around it,“ Mr. Engelberger said. For example, a fellow building a house might spend twenty-five per cen
21、t more to have it “robotized“. Such a “robotized“ house probably would have to be free of stairs and other encumbrances (障碍物 ) that could trip a near-sighted robot, would provide special sockets (插座 ) for it to plug into, and would contain a “pantry“ (餐具室 ) where the robots brain and tools would be
22、stored. He added that the robot would probably have to use (by means of a sophisticated TV camera) and have a sense of touch to do housework. It could even be programmed for some superhuman tasks, such as acting as a smoke-detector that would alert a family to a fire and then fight it. 6 The day dom
23、estic robots come into being is_. （ A） coming very soon （ B） definite （ C） impossible （ D） uncertain 7 A domestic robot differs from an industrial one in that it_. （ A） will be much more effective （ B） will be more intellectual （ C） will be automatically controlled （ D） will be more energy-saving 8
24、Mr. Engelberger deems that what hinders the development of domestic robots is the lack of （ A） money （ B） time （ C） technology （ D） energy 9 Mr. Engelberger thinks that the industrial robot_. （ A） is more useful than the domestic robot （ B） is completely different from the domestic robot （ C） is mor
25、e complicated than the domestic robot （ D） is likely to be used as a model for the domestic robot 10 Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? （ A） Domestic robot will undertake some hard, unpleasant and uninteresting housework. （ B） Domestic robot will be designed human-like. （ C
26、） The using of industrial robot is pervasive now. （ D） The future domestic robot should have great adaptability. 10 In ancient Greece athletic festivals were very important and had strong religious associations. The Olympian athletic festival held every four years in honour of Zeus, king of the Olym
27、pian Gods, eventually lost its local character, became first a national event and then, after the rules against foreign competitors had been abolished, international. No one knows exactly how far back the Olympic Games go, but some official records date from 776 B. C. The games took place in August
28、on the plain by Mount Olympus. Many thousands of spectators gathered from all parts of Greece, but no married woman was admitted even as a spectator. Slaves, women and dishonored persons were not allowed to compete. The exact sequence of events is uncertain, but events included boys gymnastics, boxi
29、ng, wrestling, horse racing and field events, though there were fewer sports involved than in the modern Olympic Games. On the last day of the Games, all the winners were honored by having a ring of holy olive leaves placed on their heads. So great was the honour that the winner of the foot race gav
30、e his name to the year of his victory. Although Olympic winners received no prize money, they were, in fact, richly rewarded by their state authorities. How their results compared with modern standards, we unfortunately have no means of telling. After an uninterrupted history of almost 1 200 years,
31、the Games were suspended by the Romans in 394 A. D. They continued for such a long time because people believed in the philosophy behind the Olympics: the idea that a healthy body produced a healthy mind, and that the spirit of competition in sports and games was preferable to the competition that c
32、aused wars. It was over 1 500 years before another such international athletic gathering took place in Athens in 1896. Nowadays, the Games are held in different countries in turn. The host country provides vast facilities, including a stadium, swimming pools and living accommodation, but competing c
33、ountries pay their own athletes expenses. The Olympics start with the arrival in the stadium of a torch, lighted on Mount Olympus by the suns rays. It is carried by a succession of runners to the stadium. The torch symbolized the continuation of the ancient Greek athletic ideals, and it burns throug
34、hout the games until the closing ceremony. The well-known Olympic flag, however, is a modern conception, the five interlocking rings symbolize the uniting of all five continents participating in the Games. 11 In ancient Greece, the Olympic Games_. （ A） were merely national athletic festivals （ B） we
35、re in the nature of a national event with a strong religious colour （ C） had rules which put foreign participants in a disadvantageous position （ D） were primarily national events with few foreign participants 12 In the early days of ancient Olympic Games_. （ A） only male Greek athletes were allowed
36、 to participate in the games （ B） all Greeks, irrespective of sex, religion or social status, were allowed to take part （ C） all Greeks, with the exception of women, were allowed to compete in the Games （ D） all male Greeks were qualified to compete in the Games 13 The order of athletic events at th
37、e ancient Olympics_. （ A） has not definitely been established （ B） varied according to the number of foreign competitors （ C） was decided by Zeus, in whose honour the Games were held （ D） was considered unimportant 14 Modern athletes results cannot be compared with those of ancient runners because_.
38、 （ A） the Greeks had no means of recording the results （ B） they are much better （ C） details such as the time were not recorded in the past （ D） they are much worse 15 Nowadays, the athletes expenses are paid for_. （ A） out of the prize money of the winners （ B） out of the funds raised by the compe
39、ting nations （ C） by the athletes themselves （ D） by contributions 15 The greatest recent social changes have been in the lives of women. During the twentieth century there has been a remarkable shortening of the proportion of a womans life spent in caring for children. A woman marrying at the end o
40、f the nineteenth century would probably have been in her middle twenties, and would be likely to have seven or eight children, of whom four or five lived till they were five years old. By the time the youngest was fifteen, the mother would have been in her early fifties and would expect to live a fu
41、rther twenty years, during which custom, opportunity and health made it unusual for her to get paid work. Today women marry younger and have fewer children. Usually a womans youngest child will be fifteen when she is forty-five and can be expected to live another thirty-five years and is likely to t
42、ake paid work until retirement at sixty. Even while she has the care of children, her work is lightened by household appliances and convenience foods. This important change in womens life-pattern has only recently begun to have its full effect on womens economic position. Even a few years ago most g
43、irls left school at the first opportunity, and most of them took a full-time job. However, when they married, they usually left work at once and never return to it. Today the school-leaving age is sixteen, many girls stay at school after that age, and though women tend to marry younger, more married
44、 women stay at work at least until shortly before their first child is born. Very many more afterwards return to full or part-time work. Such changes have led to a new relation in marriage, with the husband accepting a greater share of the duties and satisfactions of family life, and with both husba
45、nd and wife sharing more equally in providing the money, and running the home, according to the abilities and interests of each of them. 16 According to the passage, around the Year 1900 most women married_. （ A） at about twenty-five （ B） in their early fifties （ C） as soon as possible after they we
46、re fifteen （ D） at any age from fifteen to forty-five 17 When she was over fifty, the late nineteenth century mother_. （ A） would be healthy enough to take up paid employment （ B） was usually expected to die fairly soon （ C） would expect to work until she died （ D） was unlikely to find a job even if
47、 she wanted one 18 One reason why the woman of today may take a job is that she_. （ A） is younger when her children are old enough to look after themselves （ B） does not like children herself （ C） need not worry about food for her children （ D） can retire from family responsibilities when she reache
48、s sixty 19 Many girls, the passage claims, are now likely to_. （ A） give up their jobs for good after they are married （ B） leave school as soon as they can （ C） marry so that they can get a job （ D） continue working until they are going to have a baby 20 Nowadays, a husband tends to_. （ A） play a g
49、reater part in looking after the children （ B） help his wife by doing most of the housework （ C） feel dissatisfied with his role in the family （ D） take a part-time job so that he can help in the home 20 Geologists have been studying volcanoes for a long time. Though they have learned a great deal, they still have not discovered the causes of volcanic action. They know that the inside of the earth is very hot, but they are not sure exactly what causes the great heat. Some geolo
