1、雅思（阅读）模拟试卷 11 及答案与解析 一、 Reading Module (60 minutes) 1 READING PASSAGE 1 You should spend 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below. Climate Change: Instant Expert A Climate change is with us. A decade ago, it was conjecture. Now the future is unfolding before our eyes.
2、 Canadas Inuit see it in disappearing Arctic ice and permafrost. The shantytown dwellers of Latin America and Southern Asia see it in lethal storms and floods. Europeans see it in disappearing glaciers, forest fires and fatal heat waves. Scientists see it in tree rings, ancient coral and bubbles tra
3、pped in ice cores. These reveal that the world has not been as warm as it is now for a millennium or more. The three warmest years on record have all occurred since 1998; 19 of the warmest 20 since 1980. And Earth has probably never warmed as fast as in the past 30 years-a period when natural influe
4、nces on global temperatures, such as solar cycles and volcanoes should have cooled us down. B Climatologists reporting for the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) say we are seeing global warming caused by human activities. People are causing the change by burning natures vast stores
5、 of coal, oil and natural gas. This releases billions of tonnes of carbon dioxide (CO2) every year, although the changes may actually have started with the dawn of agriculture, say some scientists. The physics of the “greenhouse effect“ has been a matter of scientific fact for a century. CO2 is a gr
6、eenhouse gas that traps the Suns radiation within the troposphere, the lower atmosphere. It has accumulated along with other manmade greenhouse gases, such as methane and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). Some studies suggest that cosmic rays may also be involved in warming. C If current trends continue,
7、we will raise atmospheric CO2 concentrations to double pre-industrial levels during this century. That will probably be enough to raise global temperatures by around 2 to 5 . Some warming is certain, but the degree will be determined by cycles involving melting ice, the oceans, water vapour, clouds
8、and changes to vegetation. Warming is bringing other unpredictable changes. Melting glaciers and precipitation are causing some rivers to overflow, while evaporation is emptying others. Diseases are spreading. Some crops grow faster while others see yields slashed by disease and drought. Clashes ove
9、r dwindling water resources may cause conflicts in many regions. D As natural ecosystems-such as coral reefs-are disrupted, biodiversity is reduced. Most species cannot migrate fast enough to keep up, though others are already evolving in response to warming. Thermal expansion of the oceans, combine
10、d with melting ice on land, is also raising sea levels. In this century, human activity could trigger an irreversible melting of the Greenland ice sheet. This would condemn the world to a rise in sea level of six metres-enough to flood land occupied by billions of people. E The global warming would
11、be more pronounced if it were not for sulphur particles and other pollutants that shade us, and because forests and oceans absorb around half of the CO2 we produce. But the accumulation rate of atmospheric CO2 has doubled since 2001, suggesting that natures ability to absorb the gas could now be str
12、etched to the limit. Recent research suggests that natural CO2 “sinks“, like peat bogs and forests, are actually starting to release CO2. F At the Earth Summit in 1992, the world agreed to prevent “dangerous“ climate change. The first step was the 1997 Kyoto Protocol, which came into force during 20
13、05. It will bring modest emission reductions from industrialised countries. Many observers say deeper cuts are needed and developing nations, which have large and growing populations, will one day have to join in. Some, including the US Bush administration, say the scientific uncertainty over the pa
14、ce of climate change is grounds for delaying action. The US and Australia have reneged on Kyoto. Most scientists believe we are under-estimating the dangers. G In any case, according to the IPCC, the world needs to quickly improve the efficiency of its energy usage and develop renewable non-carbon f
15、uels like: wind, solar, tidal, wave and perhaps nuclear power. It also means developing new methods of converting this clean energy into motive power, like hydrogen fuel cells for cars. Other less conventional solutions include ideas to stave off warming by “mega-engineering“ the planet with giant m
16、irrors to deflect the Suns rays, seeding the oceans with iron to generate algal blooms, or burying greenhouse gases below the sea. The bottom line is that we will need to cut CO2 emissions by 70% to 80% simply to stabilise atmospheric CO2 concentrations-and thus temperatures. The quicker we do that,
17、 the less unbearably hot our future world will be. 1 Questions 1-4 The text has 7paragraphs (A-G). Which paragraph contains each of the following pieces of information? 1 The effects of global warming on animals. 2 The ways in which ordinary people can see the global climate is changing. 3 The scien
18、ce behind global warming. 4 Possible solutions to global warming. 5 Questions 5-8 Complete the following sentences using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the text. 5 Wars could be fought over reduced _ . 6 Certain pollutants actually protect us from _ . 7 _ countries were not required to make cuts in e
19、missions under the Kyoto Protocol. 8 Algal blooms feed on _ . 9 Questions 9-13 Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1? In boxes 9-13 on your answer sheet write TRUE if the information in the text agrees with the statement FALSE if the information in the tex
20、t contradicts the statement NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this 9 Volcanoes can influence the global climate. （ A）真 （ B）假 （ C） NOT GIVEN 10 Billions of people live near the sea. （ A）真 （ B）假 （ C） NOT GIVEN 11 Peat bogs usually absorb CO2. （ A）真 （ B）假 （ C） NOT GIVEN 12 Improving energy effici
21、ency can be done quickly. （ A）真 （ B）假 （ C） NOT GIVEN 13 Burying greenhouse gases under the sea is not possible. （ A）真 （ B）假 （ C） NOT GIVEN 14 READING PASSAGE 2 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 below. Britains Canals-the Solution to Overcrowde
22、d Roads? A Its hard to imagine that only a decade or so ago many of the nations canals were little more than the last resting place for abandoned shopping trolleys. Theres still work to be done, but their transformation has been remarkable. Projects such as Castlefield in Manchester and Brindley Pla
23、ce in Birmingham have transformed city-centre canals from stagnant reminders of a fading industrial past to the epitome of urban cool. However, 21st-century priorities dictate that the rehabilitation of this 18th-century motorway system cannot stop there. Canals and navigable rivers form a major tra
24、nsport network, in need of only piecemeal investment, and with the spare capacity to take away the need for hundreds of thousands of lorry journeys. In the second half of the 18th century, canals drove the industrial revolution. Today, authorities want them to drive congestion off the roads. Last mo
25、nth, for example, the European Commission proposed a seven-year plan to shift large amounts of freight from roads to inland waterways. B Europes enthusiasm comes as no surprise. Freight traffic is expected to grow by a third in the next decade. The cost of pollution and congestion is set to swallow
26、one per cent of Europes entire GDP by 2010. “With a fleet of 11000 vessels and a capacity equalling 10000 trains or 440000 trucks, inland waterways can make transport in Europe more efficient, reliable and environmental friendly,“ says Jacques Barrot, vice-president of the European Commission in cha
27、rge of transport. “Europe cannot afford to leave that potential untapped.“ C Mainland Europe has never, in fairness, left it completely untapped. The canals of the low countries and the rivers of central and eastern Europe buzzed with the sound of freight barges long after British industry had throw
28、n in its lot with railways and roads. Attempts to revive freight on British canals have been hampered by the fact that their heyday lasted barely 60 years, and they were first considered obsolete 150 years ago. For much of the intervening period, many have simply been left to rot. “Our network was i
29、n decline for a long time compared to much of Europe,“ says Eugene Baston of British Waterways. “Whereas other countries developed road and rail transport but carried on using their waterways as well, our canals were neglected. In fact many European countries actually enlarged their canals 100 years
30、 ago.“ D That decline in Britain has been reversed, first by leisure seekers and more recently by industry. Boaters, anglers, walkers and cyclists now benefit from around 4000 miles of navigable waterways and the paths and trails that run alongside them. Waterside living is fashionable, and city-cen
31、tre canals have been a focus for urban renewal, And, despite our obsession with road transport, environmental considerations are forcing government and business to mm the clock back 200 years and-at least in a minor way-get our waterways working again. E In fact, industrial goods such as coal, steel
32、, aggregates and petroleum have never completely disappeared from large rivers and designated commercial waterways. Barges on the river Severn have recently started carrying the equivalent of 34000 lorry loads of aggregates each year, the first freight traffic on the river for a decade. British Wate
33、rways, which owns about half of the countrys navigable inland waterways, carded the equivalent of 64000 25-ten lorry loads of freight in 2004. The organisation says these figures are certain to increase as new schemes start, and environmentalists hope they will. Carrying freight by water uses about
34、a quarter of the energy of an equivalent road journey. In comparison to lorries, barges produce low emissions, low noise and are visually unobtrusive. “We think that anything that can take freight off the roads needs to be fully explored,“ says Tony Bosworth, transport campaigner for Friends of the
35、Earth. “Canals can do that. They can help cut the pollution that causes climate change.“ F There is a limit to what canals can carry. The slow pace of water travel does not fit well with the limited shelf-life of fresh produce. If supermarkets wont trust their cherry tomatoes to water, they might tr
36、ust the waste paper and plastic that protects them. Many of the proposals to utilise Britains waterways are based around waste management and recycling schemes. For example, a pilot scheme in Hackney, east London, has seen municipal waste collected by truck and transferred to barge for transportatio
37、n to a reprocessing plant. In the future, the scheme could remove 300000 dustcart miles from the boroughs streets every year. Current arrangements could be just the tip of the iceberg. G Planning permission has been given for a Powerday recycling plant at Willesden Junction, a site that sits on the
38、intersection of road, rail and canal networks. “The plant will have the capacity to handle a million and a half tons of waste every year, but the amount carried by road will be capped at 500000 tons,“ says Ed Fox of British Waterways London. “If they want to grow the business, they will have to work
39、 with us.“ Fox says getting freight back on the canals has been “a nice idea“ for 50 years, but until recently little more than an idea. “The Powerday project, on the other hand, is proof of what really can be done.“ H Though details have yet to be decided, British Waterways believes the most approp
40、riate way to transport some of the building materials destined for Londons giant Olympic construction project is by the network of waterways that links the Thames and east London. The Olympic Delivery Authority says: “Its being looked at and the final solution could well involve some transportation
41、by water. What exactly we do will be based on a range of factors, but one of those will be sustainability.“ Their gentle pace will always make canals a niche player in a busy world, but after 200 years of neglect, the tide is starting to turn. 14 Questions 14-17 The text has 8 paragraphs (A-H). Whic
42、h paragraph does each of the following headings best fit? 14 Olympic transport 15 The decline of British canals 16 Modern leisure uses 17 Energy efficient 18 Questions 18-22 According to the text, FIVE of the following statements are true. Write the corresponding letters in answer boxes 18 to 22 in
43、any order. A Canals were important in the industrial revolution in Britain. B The use of canals in Europe is expected to grow by a third over the next ten years. C Britain was the only European country to let its canals decline. D Canals in Britain have become a focus for city-centre renewal. E Barg
44、es are less polluting than lorries. F In London, most waste is transported on canals. G The amount of waste that can be taken to the Powerday plant by road is limited. H Canals will not become a major form of transport in the world. 18 【 18】 _ 19 【 19】 _ 20 【 20】 _ 21 【 21】 _ 22 【 22】 _ 23 Questions
45、 23-26 According to the information given in the text, choose the correct answer or answers from the choices given. 23 Canals will require _. （ A） relatively little investment. （ B） considerable investment. （ C） investment equal to 1% of Europes transport budget. 24 The European canal network _. （ A
46、） transported most of Europes goods for 60 years. （ B） was built mostly about 150 years ago. （ C） has actually been expanded in some countries over the last hundred years. 25 Suitable products for transportation by canal include _. （ A） fresh fruit and vegetables. （ B） waste materials for recycling.
47、 （ C） fuels. 26 Waste can be transported to the Powerday project by _. （ A） lorry. （ B） train. （ C） barge. 27 READING PASSAGE 3 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 below. Are You Being Served? The worlds factory, it turns out, has a sizeable can
48、teen attached, not to mention an office block and shopping mall. Last months official revision of Chinas gross domestic product revealed an economy worth 16 trillion yuan ( 1.9 trillion) in 2004, 17% more than previously thought. Some 265 billion of the increase-93% of it-was ascribed to the service
49、s sector. As a result, services share of the economy has jumped by nine percentage points, to 41%, compared with 46% for manufacturing and 13% for primary industries (mainly agriculture and mining). Where has all this extra activity come from? The bulk of it is obvious to any traveller in China. As people grow wealthier, they want more restaurants and bars, clothes stores, car dealerships, bookshops, private hospitals, English language classes and beauty salons. In many o
