1、考研英语模拟试卷 121及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 Most children with healthy appetites are ready to eat almost anything that is offered them and a child rarely dislikes food (1)_ it
2、 is badly cooked. The (2)_ a meal is cooked and served is most important and an (3)_ served meal will, often improve a childs appetite. Never ask a child (4)_ he likes or dislike a food and never (5)_ likes and dislikes in front of him or allow (6)_ else to do so. If the father says he hates fat mea
3、t or the mother (7)_ vegetables in the childs hearing he is (8)_ to copy this procedure. Take it (9)_ granted that he likes everything and he probably (10)_. Nothing healthful should be omitted from the meal because of a (11)_ dislike. At meal times it is a good (12)_ to give a child a small portion
4、 and let him (13)_ back for a second helping rather than give him as (14)_ as he is likely to eat all at once. Do not talk too much to the child (15)_ meal times, but let him get on with his food: and do not (16)_ him to leave the table immediately after a meal or he will (17)_ learn to swallow his
5、food (18)_ he can hurry back to his toys. Under (19)_ circumstances must a child be coaxed (20)_ forced to eat. （ A） if （ B） until （ C） that （ D） unless （ A） procedure （ B） way （ C） process （ D） method （ A） adequately （ B） urgently （ C） attractively （ D） eagerly （ A） whether （ B） that （ C） what （ D）
6、 which （ A） remark （ B） discuss （ C） tell （ D） argue （ A） everybody （ B） somebody （ C） anybody （ D） nobody （ A） opposes （ B） refuses （ C） denies （ D） offends （ A） willing （ B） obliged （ C） possible （ D） likely （ A） with （ B） over （ C） as （ D） for （ A） should （ B） will （ C） may （ D） must （ A） suppose
7、d （ B） considered （ C） proved （ D） related （ A） point （ B） idea （ C） custom （ D） plan （ A） ask （ B） return （ C） come （ D） take （ A） much （ B） few （ C） little （ D） many （ A） on （ B） by （ C） over （ D） during （ A） agree （ B） force （ C） allow （ D） persuade （ A） hurriedly （ B） fast （ C） soon （ D） slowly
8、（ A） so （ B） lest （ C） until （ D） although （ A） some （ B） such （ C） any （ D） no （ A） or （ B） but （ C） nor （ D） neither Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 Only two animals have entered the human household oth
9、erwise than as prisoners and become domesticated by other means than those of enforced servilities: the dog and the cat. Two things they have in common, namely, that both belong to the order of carnivores and both serve man in their capacity of hunters. In all other characteristics, above all in the
10、 manner of their association with man, they are as different as the night from the day. There is no domestic animal which has so rapidly altered its whole way of living, indeed its whole sphere of interests, that has become domestic in so true a sense as the dog; and there is no animal that, in the
11、course of its century old association with man, has altered so little as the cat. There is some truth in the assertion that the cat, with the exception of a few luxury breeds, such as Angoras, Persians and Siamese, is no domestic animal but a completely wild being. Maintaining its full independence
12、it has taken up its abode in the houses and outhouses of man, for the simple reason that there are more mice theyre than elsewhere: The whole charm of the dog lies in the depth of the friendship and the strength of the spiritual ties with which he has bound himself to man, but the appeal of the cat
13、lies in the very fact that she has formed no close bond with him, that she has the uncompromising independence of a tiger or a leopard while she is hunting in his stables and barns; that she still remain mysterious and remote when she is rubbing herself gently against the legs of her mistress or pur
14、ring contentedly in front of the fire. The purring cat is, for me, a symbol of the heart side and the hidden security, which it stands for. I should no more like to be without a cat, in my home than to be without the dog that trots behind me in field or street, since my earliest youth I have always
15、had dogs and cats about me. Business like friends have advised me to write a dog book and a cat book separately, because dog lovers often dislike cats and cat lovers frequently abhor dogs. But I consider, it the finest test of genuine love and understanding of animals if a person has sympathies for
16、both these creatures, and can appreciate in each its own special virtue. 21 Cats, according to the author, _. （ A） are not domestic animals at all （ B） are fiercer than dogs （ C） are both meek and independent （ D） can sometimes be very hostile to people 22 Dogs and cats are similar in that _. （ A） p
17、eople can use them for hunting （ B） they are associated with man closely （ C） they have the same way of living （ D） they are equally liked by people 23 We can infer from the passage that the author _. （ A） prefers dogs to cats （ B） prefers cats to dogs （ C） likes dogs as well as cats （ D） likes neit
18、her dogs nor cats 24 The passage concludes that _. （ A） dogs are more domesticated than cats （ B） dogs are more lovable animals than cats （ C） though different, dogs and cats have their charms （ D） both dogs and cats can be kept as pets in one house 25 The author wants to write _. （ A） a clog book （
19、 B） a cat book （ C） a dog and cat book （ D） a dog and a cat book 26 By the 1980s, according to international but admittedly inconsistent definitions of literacy, about seven out of ten adults in the world were considered literate. The increase in literacy from ancient times to the present has not be
20、en a story of unbroken progress. The ability of people with in a given society to read and write has been influenced by a number of factors, including economic well-being, the availability of material to read, the amount of education available, and the basic matter of the usefulness of reading. Of t
21、hese factors, usefulness has probably been the most decisive. In ancient societies, as people settled into stable patterns of agriculture and trade, it became useful for some of them to read and write in order to keep records, to transact business, and to measure amounts of land, animals, goods, mat
22、erials, and produce. Since all economic aspects of a society were closely tied to the operations of government, literacy became useful and even necessary for the keeping of records by officials. The responsibilities of citizenship led to a fairly high level of literacy in ancient Greece and Rome, bu
23、t in addition to that, there also grew an appreciation of good literature, poetry, drama, history, and philosophy. During the early Middle Ages, with the general breakdown of society in Europe and the decrease of commerce, literacy became largely confined to the church. But in the late Middle Ages,
24、in the period of the Renaissance, the great expansion of commerce and banking led to a revival in literacy for the same reason that had caused it to increase in the ancient world usefulness. With the invention of the printing press and inexpensive paper late in the 15th century there was for the fir
25、st time a great availability of reading material for a much greater number of people. Religious reformers were among the first to utilize the situation, quickly getting translations of the Bible and educational tracts and booklets into the hands of many people. The broadened religious enlightenment
26、that resulted was followed in later centuries by a political one. Political theorists who favored doctrines promoting the natural rights of man called for an attack upon illiteracy. Political revolutions, particularly in the United States and France, helped inaugurate an era in which all classes wer
27、e called upon to become informed on public policy for their own welfare. Against this political background there emerged the movement for universal popular education. Literacy came to be understood as a means whereby the individual could benefit and advance, and gradually whole societies began to ac
28、knowledge that universal literacy among their citizens was an avenue to greater economic well-being. 26 From the first paragraph we know _. （ A） it is fairly easy to determine literacy （ B） there is no illiteracy in a rich family （ C） history sees an even progress towards literacy （ D） in history li
29、teracy suffers ups and downs 27 According to the passage, what is the major driving force behind the progress toward more literacy? （ A） The amount of education. （ B） The availability of reading materials. （ C） The economic development. （ D） The necessity to read. 28 In the Renaissance, it was _ tha
30、t greatly expand literacy. （ A） the religious reforms （ B） the translation and popularization of the Bible （ C） the availability of printing technology and cheap paper （ D） the renovations of the teaching methods 29 The last paragraph is mainly about _. （ A） the religious movements that promoted the
31、 literacy of the public （ B） the new progress towards literacy initiated by democratic society （ C） modern political movement towards a more democratic society （ D） political movements at the end of the Middle Ages fighting illiteracy 30 _,there was a revival in literacy. （ A） The early Middle Ages
32、（ B） The late Middle Ages （ C） The Middle Ages （ D） None of all 31 Every product on the market has a variety of costs built into it before it is ever put up for sale to a customer. There are costs of production, transportation, storage, advertising, and more. Each of these costs must bring in some p
33、rofit at each stage: truckers must profit from transporting products, or they would not be in business. Thus, costs also include several layers of profits. The selling price of a product must take all of these costs(and built-in profits) into consideration. The selling price itself consists of a mar
34、kup over the total of all costs, and it is normally based on a percentage of the total cost. The markup may be quite high 90 percent of cost or it may be low. Grocery items in a supermarket usually have a low markup, while mink cost have a very high one. High markups, however, do not in themselves g
35、uarantee big profits. Profits come from turnover. If an item has a 50 percent markup and does not sell, there is no profit. But if a cereal has an 8 percent markup and sells very well, there are reasonable profits. While most pricing is based on cost factors, there are some exceptions. Prestige pric
36、ing means setting prices artificially high in order to attract select clientele. Such pricing attempts to suggest that the quality or style of the product is exceptional or that the item cannot be found elsewhere. Stores can use prestige pricing to attract wealthy shoppers. Leader pricing and bait p
37、ricing are the opposites of prestige pricing. Leader pricing means setting low prices on certain items to get people to come into the stores. The products so priced are called loss leaders because little or no profit can be made on them. The profits are made from other products people buy while in t
38、he store. Bait pricing, now generally considered illegal, means setting artificially low prices to attract customers. The store, however, has no intention of selling goods at the bait prices. The point is to get people into the store and persuade them of the inferiority of the low-priced item. Then
39、a higher priced item is presented as a better alternative. A common retail tactic is odd priced products. For some products of $300, the store will set the price at $295 or $299.95 to give the appearance of a lower price. Automobiles and other high-priced products are usually priced in this manner.
40、For some reason $7995 has more appear to a potential car customer than $8000. Bid pricing is a special kind of price setting. It is often used in the awarding of government contracts. Several companies are asked to submit bids on a job, and normally the lowest bidder wins. A school system may want t
41、o buy a large number of computers. Several companies are asked to submit prices, and the school district will decide on the best bid based as well on considerations of quality and service. 31 We learn from the second paragraph, _. （ A） reducing cost is the surest way to increase profits （ B） profits
42、 depend on how fast goods are moving （ C） fair markup promise the greatest profits （ D） lower markup brings reasonable profits 32 In a department store, the purpose of showing clients bait priced items is to _. （ A） demonstrate the bad quality of these items （ B） get them to purchase some other arti
43、cles （ C） earn some dirty money from these items （ D） persuade them to buy what they dont really need 33 Odd even pricing method _. （ A） is often used with very expensive items （ B） is only effective on potential car customers （ C） is the most popular way of pricing a product （ D） is the most effect
44、ive way of selling low-priced products 34 In a bidding deal, _. （ A） the buyer search from place to place for desired object （ B） the government selects the best items （ C） the government transacts with an individual （ D） the sellers compete with each other for the bid 35 If you want to sell a car a
45、bout $80,000, youd better set the price at _. （ A）￥ 80,000 （ B）￥ 75,000 （ C）￥ 78,000 （ D）￥ 79,995 36 In a democratic society citizens are encouraged to form their own opinions on candidates for public office, taxes, constitutional amendments, environmental concerns, foreign policy, and other issues.
46、 The opinions held by any population are shaped and manipulated by sever al factors: individual circumstances, the mass media, special interest groups, and opinion leaders. Wealthy people tend to think differently on social issues from poor people. Factory workers probably do not share the same view
47、s as white-collar, nonunion workers. Women employed outside their homes sometimes have perspectives different from those of fulltime home makers. In these and other ways individual status shapes ones view of current events. The mass media, especially television, are powerful influences on the way pe
48、ople think and act. Government officials note how mail from the public tends to “follow the headlines“. Whatever is featured in newspapers and magazines and on television attracts enough attention that people begin to inform them and to express opinions. The mass media have also created larger audie
49、nces for government and a wider range of pubic issues than existed before. Prior to television and the national editions of newspapers, issues and candidates tended to remain localized. In Great Britain and West Germany, for ex ample, voters as local contests usually viewed elections to the national legislatures. Todays elections are seen as struggles between party leaders and programs. In the United States radio and television
