1、考研英语模拟试卷 137及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 Each scientific specialty has its own set of journals. Physicists have Physical Review Letters, cell biologists have Cell, neurosci
2、entists have Neuron, and so forth. Science and Nature, (1)_, are the only two major journals that (2)_ the complete range of scientific (3)_. As a result, journalists look (4)_ them each week for the (5)_ of new science papers. And scientists look to the journals (6)_ to reach journalists. Why do th
3、ey care? Competition for (7)_ has gotten so fierce that scientists have sought popular (8)_ to gain an advantage over their (9)_. Publication in specialized journals will win the honor of academics and satisfy the publish-or-perish (10)_, but Science and Nature come with the added bonus of potential
4、ly getting your paper written up in The New York Times and other publications. Scientists are also trying to (11)_ other scientists through Science and Nature, not just the public. The line between popular and professional notoriety is not (12)_. Scientists tend to pay more attention to the Big Two
5、than to other journals. (13)_ more scientists know about a particular pa per, they are more apt to cite it in their own papers. Being often-cited will increase a scientists “Impact Factor“, a measure of how often papers are cited by (14)_. Funding agencies use the Impact Factor as a (15)_ measure of
6、 the influence of scientists they are considering supporting. (16)_ Science and Nature papers have more visibility, the number of submissions is growing, say the editors. Nature now gets 10,000 (17)_ a year, and that figure is rising, says editor-in-chief Philip Campbell via email. In his opinion, t
7、his partly reflects the increase (18)_ scientific activity around the word. It also (19)_ reflects the increasing and sometimes (20)_ emphasis amongst funding agencies and governments on publication measures, such as the typical rates of citation of journals. （ A） even （ B） though （ C） although （ D）
8、 as if （ A） lay （ B） east （ C） hold （ D） cover （ A） manipulation （ B） disciplines （ C） principles （ D） experiments （ A） to （ B） out （ C） up （ D） forward （ A） substance （ B） essence （ C） essential （ D） significance （ A） in line （ B） in part （ C） in person （ D） in all （ A） subsidy （ B） bonus （ C） favo
9、r （ D） grants （ A） distinction （ B） publicity （ C） renown （ D） esteem （ A） counterparts （ B） allies （ C） rivals （ D） matches （ A） imperative （ B） desire （ C） requirement （ D） necessity （ A） connect （ B） arrive （ C） reach （ D） get （ A） distinctive （ B） distinct （ C） distinguishing （ D） distinguished
10、（ A） As （ B） If （ C） With （ D） When （ A） fellows （ B） peers （ C） members （ D） colleagues （ A） rough （ B） harsh （ C） rude （ D） uneven （ A） Since （ B） However （ C） Because （ D） Due to （ A） documents （ B） presentations （ C） references （ D） manuscripts （ A） at （ B） of （ C） on （ D） in （ A） no wonder （ B）
11、 no time （ C） no doubt （ D） no sooner （ A） excessive （ B） recessive （ C） massive （ D） expressive Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 Extrapolating from the adage “two heads are better than one“, a group of ec
12、onomists at the University of Iowa has learned how to turn the instincts of individuals into useful predictions of the future. So far, the researchers have tested their method by predicting the outcome of such events as the American presidential election and the number of books sold on the first day
13、 of a Harry Potter re lease. Now, they have turned their sights to influenza. The influenza in question is not the pandemic bird-flu-related sort that is currently a cause for concern but the quotidian bug that lays people low, particularly in winter. Even this disease is not trivial, it kills, for
14、instance, about 36,000 people in America and possibly as many as 12,000 people in Britain every year. If outbreaks could be predicted, patients at particular risk could be vaccinated and medical personnel redeployed in anticipation. So Philip Polgreen and his colleagues wondered if they could succee
15、d where medical science had failed, and give adequate warning of influenza outbreaks. Americas Centres for Disease Control(CDC) track influenza cases in the country as they hap pen. A week later, they release the data, in part by using a colour-coded map. The colours reflect the level of influenza a
16、ctivity in each state on a five-point scale, with yellow representing “no activity“ and red representing “widespread activity“. In their study, Dr. Polgreen and his colleagues gave 60 doctors and nurses based in Iowa 100 “flu dollars“ each. The participants used these to buy and sell shares coded ac
17、cording to the CDCs colours for a particular week in the future, based on how many cases they thought would occur in the state during that week. For example, if a physician saw three young children with flu symptoms in his office, he might sell any yellow shares he had for the following week and buy
18、 red ones. Conversely, if no one he saw seemed to have trouble with influenza, he might buy more yellow or green (sporadic activity) shares for each of the next few weeks. Over the course of the flu season from October 2004 to April 2005, 52 participants logged into the market as traders. They were
19、able to buy and sell up to seven weeks in advance. At the end of the experiment, each flu dollar was converted into a real one and given to the participants in the form of an educational grant. 21 The purpose of the economists research at the University of Iowa is to （ A） predict the outcome of Amer
20、ican presidential election. （ B） predict the sales result of best-sellers. （ C） predict future events. （ D） predict diseases like influenza. 22 If succeed, Philip Polgreen and his colleagues might （ A） cure the bird-flu disease. （ B） cure influenza. （ C） give adequate help to patients. （ D） anticipa
21、te the outbreaks of flu. 23 If the CDCs map turns all red, it means （ A） they keep good record of the influenza eases. （ B） Philip Polgreen and his colleagues are successful. （ C） there is no cases of influenza. （ D） there is a wide outbreak of influenza. 24 What can be inferred from the fourth para
22、graph? （ A） The physicians are learning to invest in the stock market. （ B） The study is carried out in the form of stock investment. （ C） Dr. Polgreen is experienced in stock investment. （ D） All the participants are rewarded with 100 dollars. 25 If most participants end up with green shares, it me
23、ans （ A） there will be no flu cases in the coming seven weeks. （ B） there will be flu breakout in the coming seven weeks. （ C） there will be some flu cases in the coming seven week. （ D） the study is failed. 26 Big macs. Nacho-Cheese Chalupas. Subway subs. Rob Borucki adores them all. The 37-year ol
24、d indulges in fast-food fare at least five times a week. A really good day for Borucki? When Wienerschnitzel, a West Coast hot-dog chain he grew up with, recently opened just a few blocks from his Tempe Arizona office and he got to enjoy with his fellow sausage enthusiasts. “I was so excited“ says t
25、he Internet project manager, who runs a fast-food fan Web site. “And so was everyone there.“ In fast-food terms, Borucki is called a “heavy user,“ even though he is quite slender. Loosely defined as the 20 percent of fast-food eaters who account for 60 percent of all fast-food sales, a typical heavy
26、 user is male, in his 20s or 30s and extremely loyal to the burgers and fries he loves, lately, heavies are feeling under siege as fast-food chains have come under attack. Obese diners are suing companies like McDonalds for allegedly contributing to their weight problems, And the endless flood of st
27、udies detailing the horrors of obesity provide plenty of ammo for the chatter, types who want heavy users to change their ways. Heavy users like Borucki insist they dont need saving, protesting that they are far from the use less fatties anti-fast-food activists make them out to be. For his part, Bo
28、rucki is a moderate exerciser. And hell occasionally substitute a side salad for his regular fries. Indeed, in a recent study of restaurant-goers by the research firm Technomic, 90 percent said they had concerns about obesity, and 50 percent said theyd changed their eating habits in the past year as
29、 a result. Fast-food companies have noticed. You can give your waistline a break today with a McDonalds fruit-and-walnut salad or skip the flame-broiled meat and have a Burger King Fire-Grilled salad with shrimp instead. The healthy approach is working: sales are expected to increase by as much as 4
30、 percent this year. Heavy users are adapting in their own way. Theyre eating Chicken Whoppers as well as the real thing and cutting back on anything that has the word “fried“ in its name. McDonalds dropped its Super Size portions, apparently because customers stopped ordering the gigantic servings.
31、“But the Ouarter Pounder with Cheese or the Big Macthose items will not be touched,“ says Technomics Dennis Lombardi. Jeremy Hageman can take some comfort in that. The 26-year-old Web designer hits the gym three times a week so that he can indulge in as much fast food as he likes. “I like things tha
32、t taste good,“ Hageman says. He came up with a plan: eat more Taco Bell. “For some reason,“ he says, “it doesnt seem as bad.“ 26 A really good day for Rob Borucki will be a day （ A） he can eat sausage of Wienerschnitzel. （ B） to eat fast-food like Big macs or Subway subs. （ C） a new fast-food chain
33、restaurant opened nearby. （ D） to eat fast-food with his fellow friends. 27 The word “ammo“ (Line 7, Paragraph 2) most probably means （ A） fast-food. （ B） studies on obesity. （ C） lawsuits about fast-food. （ D） facts against fast-food. 28 Fast-food eaters may not absolutely be obese mainly because （
34、 A） they often do exercises. （ B） they choose to eat salad instead of fries. （ C） they realized the danger and changed their diet. （ D） fast-food companies are changing. 29 People may find in McDonalds that （ A） it stopped selling fried food. （ B） it has a super size set. （ C） the menu remained unch
35、anged. （ D） it adjusted the servings. 30 This passage is written mainly for （ A） people in the business of fast-food. （ B） people against fast-food. （ C） the heavy users of fast-food. （ D） fast-food consumers. 31 The next big workout craze is one even a couch potato could love. It starts with a warm
36、-up: a trip to the supermarket. Then theres a large dinner, followed by some leisurely hours spent doing crossword puzzles. Finally, theres the cool-down, a long bubble bath. Keep this up, and youll be buff in no time. Mentally buff, at any rate. This is a workout for your brain an example of “neuro
37、bics“, a movement thats gaining momentum among those looking to stay sharp as they age. Some psychologists claim that by adjusting your routine in small ways (like taking a different route to the grocery store or stimulating your senses with a new fragranced bath product), you can encourage neurons
38、to build more connections to each other. Though scientists know little about the early stages of Alzheimers, clinical evidence is starting to show that mental “exercises“ like these may ward it off. Neurobics got started with the 1999 book Keep Your Brain Alive by Duke University neurobiologist Larr
39、y Katz and writer Manning Rubin. Since then, the term has entered common usage (its defined in at least one slang dictionary) and inspired numerous imitators. Entrepreneurs now offer courses that teach neurobic exercises alongside more traditional seminars on handling stress and expressing emotions.
40、 Corporate trainers like Mind Gym run employees through 90 minute “workouts“ designed to in crease productivity. Theres also the MyBrainT site, a paid service that provides access to games like those used in psychological experiments to test cognitive ability. Theres no evidence that these games are
41、 any better for you than, say, scrabble. But MyBrainTrainer creator Bruce Friedman says he gets a “neural buzz“ from them and hes taken each more than 1,600 times. Still, its a good bet that a simple change in routine will be just as effective. If that doesnt seem mentally wearing, consider how you
42、go about most neurobic activities in ordinary life. Most likely, youre going through the motions driving on roads you know by heart, swallowing down dinner with out savoring its taste or texture. Changing things will force you to pay attention to what youre doing. Even those who are skeptical about
43、neurobics potential for preventing Alzheimers have to admit that isnt a bad thing. 31 By describing the process of a workout, the author intends to show （ A） a healthy lifestyle. （ B） a new way of exercise. （ C） a new way of mental relaxation. （ D） the life of a couch potato. 32 Researchers have com
44、e to believe that neurobics （ A） is suitable for peoples brain. （ B） may help the mind stay sharp. （ C） prevent the risk of Alzheimers. （ D） build connection among neurons. 33 It can be inferred from the passage that the book Keep Your Brain Alive （ A） inspired numerous imitators. （ B） was written t
45、o increase productivity. （ C） described psychological games. （ D） pioneered the idea of neurobics. 34 Bruce Friedman seems to suggest that （ A） his website is very successful. （ B） he himself benefits from psychological games. （ C） psychological games are very interesting. （ D） neurobics are effecti
46、ve for people. 35 From the text we can conclude that the author （ A） does not favor neurobics. （ B） encourages people to try nenrobics. （ C） is enthusiastic about neurobics. （ D） thinks much of neurobics. 36 Judging by the $23 billion it earned last year, these should be the best of times for Shell,
47、 the Anglo-Dutch energy giant that ranks third among the top five Western oil companies. But Wall Street isnt celebrating. Instead, analysts are worried that buried beneath the record profit figures are worrying signs of a business in decline. Thats because Shell hasnt been able to find nearly as mu
48、ch oil and gas as its now pumping out of the ground. In fact, it hasnt even come close replacing only 60% to 70% of what it produced in 2005 and only 19% in 2004. Shell has had reserve problems for years a controversy over improperly booked assets forced it to reduce estimated reserves by roughly 30
49、% and led to the resignation of its CEO, Phil Watts, in 2004. But whats troubling now is that Shell is falling way behind rivals like Exxon and BP despite spending billions more each year on exploring and drilling new wells. Last year Exxon replaced 112% of production; BP came up with 95%. “I have never seen anything like this,“ says Fadel Gheit, a veteran energy analyst with Oppenheimer 25% dealt with methods or paleoclimate, taking no position on
