1、考研英语模拟试卷 1及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 So what is depression? Depression is often more about anger turned (1)_ than it is about sadness. But its usually (2)_ as sadness. De
2、pression can (3)_ at all ages, from childhood to old age, and its the United States No. 1 (4)_ problem. When someone is depressed, her behavior (5)_ change and she loses interest in activities she (6)_ enjoyed (like sports, music, friendships). The sadness usually lasts every day for most of the day
3、 and for two weeks or more. What (7)_ depression? A (8)_ event can certainly bring (9)_ depression, but some will say it happens (10)_ a specific cause. So how do you know if youre just having a bad day (11)_ are really depressed? Depression affects your (12)_, moods, behavior and even your physical
4、 health. These changes often go (13)_ or are labeled (14)_ simply a bad case of the blues. Someone whos truly (15)_ depression will have (16)_ periods of crying spells, feelings of (17)_ (like not being able to change your situation) and (18)_ (like youll feel this way forever), irritation or agitat
5、ion. A depressed person often (19)_ from others. Depression seldom goes away by itself, and the greatest (20)_ of depression is suicide. The risk of suicide increases if the depression isnt treated. （ A） on （ B） down （ C） inward （ D） up （ A） depicted （ B） reported （ C） prohibited （ D） expressed （ A）
6、 happen （ B） convey （ C） fade （ D） deteriorate （ A） social （ B） academic （ C） literary （ D） health （ A） patterns （ B） links （ C） intuition （ D） conscientiousness （ A） mostly （ B） once （ C） fairly （ D） desperately （ A） cures （ B） checks （ C） triggers （ D） logs （ A） solemn （ B） sarcastic （ C） slender
7、（ D） stressful （ A） on （ B） around （ C） up （ D） under （ A） via （ B） without （ C） due to （ D） out of （ A） or （ B） but （ C） and （ D） while （ A） monopoly （ B） motion （ C） thoughts （ D） association （ A） underestimated （ B） unsettled （ C） unexpected （ D） unrecognized （ A） by （ B） as （ C） in （ D） for （ A）
8、 battling （ B） substituting （ C） reproaching （ D） menacing （ A） justified （ B） extended （ C） identified （ D） matched （ A） selfishness （ B） helplessness （ C） strategy （ D） emotion （ A） vibration （ B） vicinity （ C） reservation （ D） hopelessness （ A） withdraws （ B） overwhelms （ C） invades （ D） exploits
9、 （ A） fabric （ B） patent （ C） danger （ D） passion Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 Despite increased airport security since September 11th, 2001, the technology to scan both passengers and baggage for weap
10、ons and bombs remains largely unchanged. Travellers walk through metal detectors and carry-on bags pass through x-ray machines that superimpose colour-coded highlights, but do little else. Checked-in luggage is screened by “computed tomography“, which peers inside a suitcase rather like a CAT scan o
11、f a brain. These systems can alert an operator to something suspicious, but they cannot tell what it is. More sophisticated screening technologies are emerging, albeit slowly. There are three main approaches: enhanced x-rays to spot hidden objects, sensor technology to sniff dangerous chemicals, and
12、 radio frequencies that can identify liquids and solids. A number of manufacturers are using “reflective“ or “backscatter“ x-rays that can be calibrated to see objects through clothing. They can spot things that a metal detector may not, such as a ceramic knife or plastic explosives. But some people
13、 think they can reveal too much. In America, civil-liberties groups have stalled the introduction of such equipment, arguing that it is too intrusive. To protect travellers modesty, filters have been created to blur genital areas. Machines that can detect minute traces of explosive are also being te
14、sted. Passengers walk through a machine that blows a burst of air, intended to dislodge molecules of substances on a persons body and clothes. The air is sucked into a filter, which instantaneously analyses it to see whether it includes any suspect substances. The process can work for baggage as wel
15、l. It is a vast improvement on todays method, whereby carry-on items are occasionally swabbed and screened for traces of explosives. Because this is a manual operation, only a small share of bags are examined this way. The most radical of the new approaches uses “quadrupole resonance technology“. Th
16、is involves bombarding an object with radio waves. By reading the returning signals, the machines can identify the molecular structure of the materials it contains. Since every compound solid, liquid or gas creates a unique frequency, it can be read like a fingerprint. The system can be used to look
17、 for drugs as well as explosives. For these technologies to make the jump from development labs and small trials to full deployment at airports they must be available at a price that airports are prepared to pay. They must also be easy to use, take up little space and provide quick results, says Chr
18、is Yates, a security expert with Janes Airport Review. Norman Shanks, an airport security expert, says adding the new technologies costs around $100,000 per machine; he expects the systems to be rolled out commercially over the next 12 months. They might close off one route to destroying an airliner
19、, but a cruel certainty is that terrorists will try to find others. 21 What is the relationship between the 2nd paragraph and the 3rd, 4th and 5th paragraphs? （ A） A generalization is made in paragraph 2 and then elaborated in paragraph 3,4 and 5. （ B） More sophisticated screening technologies are m
20、entioned in paragraph 2 and 3 and then examples are provided in paragraph 4 and 5. （ C） Specific evidence is provided in paragraph 1,2 and 3 and then a conclusion is drawn in paragraph 4. （ D） Three main approaches are advanced in paragraph 2,3 and then their functions are detailed in paragraph 4 an
21、d 5. 22 The delay of employment of x-ray equipment lies in its _. （ A） unreliable screening （ B） full exposure （ C） inadequate efficiency （ D） travellers modesty 23 Which of the followings is a determining factor in terms of the prospect of the screening technologies discussed in the text? （ A） Thei
22、r efficiency. （ B） Their brand. （ C） Their output. （ D） Their component. 24 It can be inferred from the last paragraph that _. （ A） new methods to prevent terrorism on aero-planes are not a panacea （ B） new equipment will be mass-produced commercially over the next 12 months （ C） new methods are rea
23、dily monitored by security staffs at the airport （ D） new equipment can only detect minute traces of explosive 25 The word “albeit“ in the first sentence of the second paragraph most probably means _. （ A） although （ B） once （ C） if （ D） as 26 For the first time, George Bush has acknowledged the exi
24、stence of secret CIA prisons around the world, where key terrorist suspects 100 in all, officials say have been interrogated with “an alternative set of procedures“. Fourteen of the suspects, including the alleged mastermind of the September 11th attacks, were transferred on Monday to the American n
25、aval base at Guantanamo Bay in Cuba, where some will face trial for war crimes before special military commissions. Many of these men as Mr. Bush confirmed in a televised speech at the White House on September 6th are al-Qaeda operatives or Taliban fighters who had sought to withhold information tha
26、t could “save American lives“. “In these cases, it has been necessary to move these individuals to an environment where they can be held secretly (and) questioned by experts“, the president said. He declined to say where they had been held or why they had not simply been sent straight to Guantanamo,
27、 as some 770 other suspected terrorists have been. Mr. Bush also refused to reveal what interrogation methods had been used, saying only that, though “tough“, they had been “safe and lawful and necessary“. Many believe that the main purpose of the CIAs prisons was to hide from prying eyes the tortur
28、e and other cruel or degrading treatment used to extract information from prisoners. But Mr. Bush insisted that America did not torture: “Its against our laws, and its against our values. I have not authorised it and I will not authorise it“. The pentagon this week issued its long-awaited new Army F
29、ield Manual, forbidding all forms of torture and degrading treatment of prisoners by army personnel though not the CIA. For the first time, it specifically bans forced nakedness, hooding, the Use of dogs, sexual humiliation and “water-boarding“ (simulated drowning) all practices that have been used
30、at Guantanamo and Abu Ghraib. So why did the president decide now to reveal the CIAs secret programme? Partly, he confessed; because of the Supreme Courts recent ruling that minimum protections under the Geneva Conventions applied to all military prisoners, no matter where they were. This has put Am
31、erican agents at risk of prosecution for war crimes. Mr. Bush has now asked Congress to ban suspected terrorists from suing American personnel in federal courts. 26 In terms of literary device, the phrase “an alternative set of procedures“ in the first paragraph of the text is a kind of _. （ A） hype
32、rbole （ B） euphemism （ C） black humor （ D） stream of consciousness 27 Mr. Bushs attitude toward the publics remarks is _. （ A） consent （ B） hesitation （ C） denial （ D） approval 28 The term “declined“ in the last sentence of the second paragraph most probably denotes _. （ A） refused （ B） dropped （ C）
33、 dived （ D） compromised 29 According to the text, the old Army Field Manual lacks _. （ A） some forms of degrading treatment of prisoners （ B） the trials of time by the CIA （ C） torture by army personnel in Abu Ghraib （ D） specific ban on “water-boarding“ 30 According to the text, the president admit
34、s to some “alternative“ method due to _. （ A） charity impulse （ B） economic recession （ C） domestic booming （ D） legal pressure 31 Seven years ago, a group of female scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology produced a piece of research showing that senior women professors in the insti
35、tutes school of science had lower salaries and received fewer resources for research than their male counterparts did. Discrimination against female scientists has cropped up elsewhere. One study conducted in Sweden, of all places showed that female medical-research scientists had to be twice as goo
36、d as men to win research grants. These pieces of work, though, were relatively small-scale. Now, a much larger study has found that discrimination plays a role in the pay gap between male and female scientists at British universities. Sara Connolly, a researcher at the University of East Anglias sch
37、ool of economics, has been analyzing the results of a survey of over 7,000 scientists and she has just presented her findings at this years meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science in Norwich. She found that the average pay gap between male and female academics working in sc
38、ience, engineering and technology is around 1,500 ($2,850) a year. That is not, of course, irrefutable proof of discrimination. An alternative hypothesis is that the courses of mens and womens lives mean the gap is caused by something else; women taking “career breaks“ to have children, for example,
39、 and thus rising more slowly through the hierarchy. Unfortunately for that idea, Dr. Connolly found that men are also likely to earn more within any given grade of the hierarchy, Male professors, for example, earn over 4,000 a year more than female ones. To prove the point beyond doubt, Dr. Connolly
40、 worked out how much of the overall pay differential was explained by differences such as seniority, experience and age, and how much was unexplained, and therefore suggestive of discrimination. Explicable differences amounted to 77% of the overall pay gap between the sexes. That still left a substa
41、ntial 23% gap in pay, which Dr. Connolly attributes to discrimination. Besides pay, her study also looked at the “glass-ceiling“ effect namely that at all stages of a womans career she is less likely than her male colleagues to be promoted. Between postdoctoral and lecturer level, men are more likel
42、y to be promoted than women are, by a factor of between 1.04 and 2.45. Such differences are bigger at higher grades, with the hardest move of all being for a woman to settle into a professorial chair: Of course, it might be that, at each grade, men do more work than women, to make themselves more el
43、igible for promotion. But that explanation, too, seems to be wrong. Unlike the previous studies, Dr. Connollys compared the experience of scientists in universities with that of those in other sorts of laboratory. It turns out that female academic researchers face more barriers to promotion, and hav
44、e a wider gap between their pay and that of their male counterparts, than do their sisters in industry or research institutes independent of universities. Private enterprise, in other words, delivers more equality than the supposedly egalitarian world of academia does. 31 The phrase “crop up“ in the
45、 first paragraph most probably means _. （ A） plant （ B） thrive （ C） elevate （ D） happen 32 Which of the followings can be attributed to Dr. Connollys study? （ A） Pay discrimination between male and female scientists. （ B） Fewer resources for research by women scientists. （ C） The super qualities pos
46、sessed by male scientists. （ D） The role of analyzing the results of a survey. 33 According to the text, the author places interpretation on _. （ A） a term （ B） a slang （ C） a humor （ D） a motto 34 In contrast to Dr. Connollys study, the previous ones failed to _. （ A） make a comparison between the
47、experience of scientists in others kinds of laboratory and that of those in universities （ B） make themselves more eligible for promotion （ C） make a difference for a woman to settle into a professorial chair （ D） make the supposedly egalitarian world of academia deliver more equality 35 Which of fo
48、llowings could be the best title for the text? （ A） Take the Lead. （ B） Free to Flutter. （ C） The Hardest Move. （ D） Mind the Gap. 36 Artificial hearts have long been the stuff of science fiction. In “Robocop“, snazzy cardiac devices are made by Yamaha and Jensen, and in “Star Trek“, Jean-Luc Picard
49、, captain of the Enterprise, has one implanted in the year 2328. In the present day, however, their history has been more chequered. The first serious attempt to build one happened in the 1980s, when Jarvik-7, made by Robert Jarvik, a surgeon at the University of Utah, captured the worlds attention. But Jarvik-7 was a complicated affair that needed to be connected via tubes to machines outside the body. The
