1、考研英语模拟试卷 205及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 Until about four decades ago, crop yields in agricultural systems depended on (1)_ resources, recycling organic matter, built-in bi
2、ological control mechanisms and rainfall patterns. Agricultural yields were (2)_ but stable. Production was (3)_ by growing more than one crop or variety in space and time in a field as insurance against pest (4)_ or severe weather. Inputs of nitrogen were (5)_ by rotating major field crops with leg
3、umes. In turn, rotations suppressed insects, weeds and diseases by effectively (6)_ the life cycles of these pests. A typical corn belt farmer grew corn (7)_ with several crops including soybeans, and small grain production was intrinsic to maintain livestock. Most of the labor was done by the famil
4、y with occasional hired help and no (8)_ equipment or services were purchased from off4arm sources. In these type of farming systems the link between agriculture and ecology was quite (9)_ and signs of environment degradation were seldom evident. But as agriculture modernization (10)_ the ecology-fa
5、rming linkage was often broken as ecological principles were (11)_. In fact, several agricultural scientists have arrived at a (12)_ consensus that modem agriculture confronts an environment crisis. A growing number of people have become concerned about the long-term (13)_ of existing food productio
6、n systems. Evidence has shown that (14)_ the present capital-and-technology-intensive fanning systems have been extremely productive and competitive, they also bring a (15)_ of economic, environmental and social problems. Evidence also shows that the very nature of the agricultural structure and pre
7、vailing polices have led to this environmental (16)_ by favoring large farm size, specialized production, crop monocultures and mechanization. Today as more and more farmers are integrated (17)_ international economies, imperatives to (18)_ disappear and monocultures are rewarded by economies of sca
8、le. In turn, lack of rotations and diversification (19)_ key self-regulating mechanisms, turning monocultures into highly (20)_ agro-ecosystems dependent on high chemical inputs. （ A） external （ B） internal （ C） exported （ D） imported （ A） small （ B） equivalent （ C） modest （ D） maximum （ A） safeguar
9、ded （ B） ensured （ C） hindered （ D） disturbed （ A） breakthrough （ B） outburst （ C） sprawl （ D） outbreak （ A） gained （ B） produced （ C） offered （ D） provided （ A） recycling （ B） improving （ C） breaking （ D） repeating （ A） integrated （ B） rotated （ C） combined （ D） cooperated （ A） specific （ B） specia
10、l （ C） specialized （ D） especial （ A） weak （ B） compact （ C） remote （ D） strong （ A） progressed （ B） processed （ C） provoked （ D） prolonged （ A） followed （ B） applied （ C） ignored （ D） overestimated （ A） general （ B） common （ C） unique （ D） usual （ A） conservation （ B） endurance （ C） progress （ D） s
11、ustainability （ A） as （ B） whereas （ C） despite （ D） because （ A） variety （ B） number （ C） quantity （ D） mixture （ A） situation （ B） protection （ C） crisis （ D） issue （ A） with （ B） to （ C） at （ D） into （ A） diversion （ B） diversity （ C） disease （ D） specialization （ A） take away （ B） take in （ C） t
12、ake off （ D） take up （ A） efficient （ B） proficient （ C） intensive （ D） vulnerable Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 “The news hit the British High Commission in Nairobi at nine-thirty on a Monday morning.
13、Sandy Woodrow took it like a bullet, jaw rigid, chest out, smack through his divided English heart“, Crikey. So thats how you take a bullet. Poor old Sandy. His English heart must be really divided now. This deliriously hardboiled opening sets the tone for whats to come. White mischief? Pshaw! White
14、 plague, more like it. Sandy Woodrow is head of chancery at the British High Commission in Nairobi. The news that neatly subdivides his heart as the novel opens is the death of a young, beautiful and idealistic lawyer turned aid worker named Tessa Quayle. Tessa has been murdered for learning too muc
15、h about the dishonest practices of a large pharmaceutical company operating in Africa. Her body is found at Lake Turkana, in northern Kenya near the border with Sudan. Tessas husband, Justin, is also a British diplomat stationed in Nairobi. Until now Justin has been an obedient civil servant, conten
16、t to toe the official line in short, a hard worker. But all that changes in the aftermath of his wifes murder. Full of righteous anger, he resolves to get to the bottom of it, come what may. “The Constant Gardener“ has got plenty of tense moments and sudden twists and comes completely with shadowy f
17、igures lurking in the bush. There is a familiar tone of gentlemanly world- weariness to it all, which should keep Mr. le Carres fans happy. But the novel is also an impassioned attack on the corruption which allows Africa to be used as a sort of laboratory for the testing of new medicines. Elsewhere
18、, Mr. le Carte has denounced the “corporate cam, hypocrisy, corruption and greed“ of the pharmaceutical industry. This position is excitingly dramatized in his book, even if the abuses he rails against are not exactly breaking news. In other respects “The Constant Gardener“ is less satisfactory. Mr.
19、 le Carte cant seem to make up his mind whether hes writing a thriller or an expose. Ina recent article for the New Yorker he described his creative process as “a kind of deliberately twisted journalism, where nothing is quite what it is“ and where any encounter may be “freely recast for its dramati
20、c possibilities“. Such is the method employed in “The Constant Gardener“, whose heroine. Mr. le Carte says, was inspired by an old friend of his. One or two prominent real-life Kenyan politicians are mentioned often enough to become, in effect. “characters“ in the story. And in a note at the end of
21、the book Mr. le Cane thanks the various diplomats, doctors, pharmaceutical experts and old Africa hands who gave him advice and assistance, though in the same breath he insists that the staff of the British mission in Nairobi are no doubt all jolly good eggs who bear no resemblance whatsoever to the
22、 heartless scoundrels in his story. Theres nothing wrong with a bit of artistic license, Of course. But Mr. le Carres equivocation about the novels relation to fact undermines its effectiveness as a work of social criticism, which is pretty clearly what it aspires to be. “The Constant Gardener“ is a
23、 cracking thriller but a flawed exploration of a complicated set of political issues. 21 The Constant Gardener is a _. （ A） film （ B） comedy （ C） novel （ D） document 22 The thriller is always full of the following features EXCEPT _. （ A） tense instants （ B） truth-exposure （ C） frightening background
24、 （ D） sudden twists 23 The characters in “The Constant Gardener“ are NOT _. （ A） connected with the authors friends （ B） based on real-life people （ C） similar to the Staff of the British Mission （ D） outside to the real life 24 Equivocation(Line 1, Last paragraph) means （ A） clear attitude （ B） eff
25、ectiveness （ C） ambiguous words （ D） determination 25 Which is the authors attitude to Mr. Le Carte? （ A） disappointed （ B） indifferent （ C） critical （ D） appreciative 26 One of the comical moments in the early history of printing occurred in 1631, when the English printer Robert Barker produced an
26、edition of the scriptures which became known as the “Wicked Bible“. This edition contained a misprint of the seventh commandment. One thousand copies were printed and ready for publication before someone noticed that the commandment had been changed to “Thou shall commit adultery“. Nothing much came
27、 of it. The printer was fined, the copies destroyed and the moral fiber of the nation remained intact. But what happens when the verse at issue is not merely a printers error but an ancient interpolation into an even more ancient text? Such was the case with 1 John 5:7, the biblical proof-text for t
28、he doctrine of the Trinity. Erasmus, Sir Isaac Newton and John Locke, among others, challenged the texts authenticity. When Erasmus left the verse out of the first edition of his monumental Greek New Testament (1516), he was roundly criticized for encouraging heresies, schisms and conflicts. Erasmus
29、s critics knew that approaching the Bible in a scholarly fashion was dangerous: even the most pious attempts at rational understanding of scripture could result in skepticism or atheism. How can one appraise the Bible critically and still maintain its authority? In his engaging and very thorough boo
30、k, David Katz explores the ways this question was addressed in England from the Reformation onward. A professor at Tel Aviv University, Katz is the author of The Jews in the History of England, 1485-1850 and a host of books and articles on early- modem skepticism and religion. In Gods Last Words, Ka
31、tz maintains that every era responds to the Bible differently based on shifting cultural assumptions, and he examines the “lens through which the Bible was read“ in various historical moments. While Reformation leaders accepted the transparency of the Bibles message, by the late 17th century, this v
32、iew could no longer be maintained, Katz states. During the 18th century the Bible came to be regarded as just another literary text one which increasingly had to conform to contemporary standards of realism. As Darwins theories became widely known, 19th-century readers applied an evolutionary model
33、to the Bible and began m see it as the product of a primitive mentality very different from their own. These new ways of reading the Bible seemed to destroy its authority completely until the fundamentalist movement reasserted the old Protestant belief in the Bibles sole authority. 26 Why was the ed
34、ition printed by Robert Barker called the “Wicked Bible“? （ A） Because it contained a mistake. （ B） Because it allowed people to commit adultery. （ C） Because the original content of Bible was changed a lot in this edition. （ D） Because a misprint of this edition affected the original meaning. 27 Wh
35、at is the meaning of “interpolation“(Para. 2)? （ A） misinterpretation （ B） interpretation （ C） translation （ D） explanation 28 Erasmuss work was criticized as heresies because_. （ A） he adapted the Bible （ B） he approached the scripture in a scholarly fashion （ C） he appraised the scripture critical
36、ly （ D） he understood the scripture rationally 29 Katzs attitude to the adaptation of Bible is （ A） positive （ B） negative （ C） skeptical （ D） indifferent 30 Which of the following statements is NOT true? （ A） Reformation leaders thought all the messages in Bible were original. （ B） People in 18th c
37、entury can adapt Bible to their wills. （ C） Bible was looked upon as the primitive peoples thoughts in 19th century. （ D） Bibles authority was reassumed through the fundamentalist movement. 31 Enough is never enough, not when the government believes that it can invade your privacy without repercussi
38、ons. The Justice Department wants a federal judge to force Google to turn over millions of private Internet searches. Google is rightly fighting the demand, but the government says America Online, Yahoo and MSN, Microsofts Online Service have already complied with similar requests. This is not about
39、 national security. The Justice Department is making this bald-faced grab to try to support an online pornography law that has been blocked once by the Supreme Court. And its not the first time weve seen this sort of behavior. The government has zealously protected the Patriot Acts power to examine
40、library records. It sought the private medical histories of a selected group of women, saying it needed the information to defend the Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act in the federal courts. The furor is still raging over President Bushs decision m permit spying on Americans without warrants. And the g
41、overnment now wants what could be billions of search terms entered into Googles web pages and possibly a million website addresses to go along with them. Protecting minors from the nastier material on the Internet is a valid goal: the courts have asked the government to test whether technologies for
42、 filtering out the bad stuff are effective. And the government hasnt asked for users personal data this time around. Whats frightening is that the Justice Department is trying once again to dig up information first and answer questions later, if at all. Had Google not resisted the governments attemp
43、t to seize records, would the public have ever found about the request? The battle raises the question of how much. of our personal information companies should be allowed to hold onto in the first place. Without much thought, Internet users have handed over vast quantities of private information to
44、 corporations. Many people dont realize that some harmlessly named “cookies“ in personal computers allow companies to track visits to various websites. Internet users permit their e-mail to be read by people and machines in ways they would never tolerate for their old-fashioned mail. And much of tha
45、t information is now collected and stored by companies like Google. When pressed on privacy issues, Google whose informal motto is “Dont be evil“ says it can be trusted with this information. But profiling consumers behavior is potentially profitable for companies. And once catalogued, information c
46、an be abused by the government as well. Either way, the individual citizen loses. 31 In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by_. （ A） posing a contrast （ B） justifying an assumption （ C） making a comparison （ D） presenting a phenomenon 32 The Justice Department made such a decisio
47、n in order to_. （ A） ensure the national security （ B） get some private personal data （ C） fight against pornography （ D） defend the womens fights 33 By introducing the example of government seeking private medical information, the author intends to show _. （ A） this kind of. behavior is very common
48、 （ B） the government did so for public good （ C） it is reasonable for the government to take such action （ D） the government made great efforts in protecting the Patriot Act power 34 What does the last sentence of the fourth paragraph imply? （ A） Google shouldnt resist the governments attempt. （ B）
49、The public didnt know the request. （ C） The government had successfully seized records. （ D） The public knew the truth thanks to Google. 35 What can be inferred from the last paragraph? （ A） Internet users dont allow their personal information known by others. （ B） Google will ensure customers personal information be protected. （ C） Internet users interests will be affected ultimately. （ D） The government may make profits by s
