1、考研英语模拟试卷 224及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 Fears of “mad cow“ disease spread (1)_ the globe last week (2)_ South Africa, New Zealand and Singapore joining most of Britains Eu
2、ropean Union partners in (3)_ imports of British beef. In London, steak restaurants were empty following the March 20 announcement by scientists that they had found a (4)_ link between mad cow disease from British beef and its human (5)_, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease(CJD). Efforts to reassure consumers
3、 and governments proved (6)_. France, Germany, Italy, Finland and Greece were among countries which announced bans (7)_ British beef shipments. A committee of EU veterinary experts, meeting in Brussels, (8)_ new protective measures but said transmission of the disease from cattle to humans was unpro
4、ven and did not (9)_ a general ban on British beef exports. Britains own main consumer group advised people to (10)_ beef if they wanted to be absolutely sure of not (11)_ CJD which destroys the brain and is always (12)_. “Could it be worse than AIDS?“ The stark headline in Fridays Daily mail newspa
5、per encapsulated the fear and uncertainty (13)_ Britain. CJD (14)_ humans in the same way that BSE makes cows mad by eating away nerve cells in the brain (15)_ it looks like a spongy Swiss cheese. The disease is incurable. Victims show (16)_ of dementia and memory loss and usually die (17)_ six mont
6、hs. Little is known (18)_ sure about the group of diseases known collectively as spongiform encephalopathies, which explains (19)_ some eminent scientists are not prepared to (20)_ a human epidemic of AIDS-like proportions. （ A） in （ B） on （ C） over （ D） around （ A） from （ B） with （ C） upon （ D） to
7、（ A） accepting （ B） banning （ C） cancelling （ D） allowing （ A） likely （ B） liking （ C） alike （ D） like （ A） same （ B） equivalent （ C） counterpart （ D） likeness （ A） fruit （ B） fruitful （ C） failure （ D） fruitless （ A） on （ B） in （ C） over （ D） for （ A） have recommended （ B） has recommended （ C） reco
8、mmended （ D） recommending （ A） call on （ B） call for （ C） call in （ D） call forth （ A） stop to eat （ B） stop eating （ C） stop to be eating （ D） stop not to eat （ A） to contract （ B） being contracted （ C） contracting （ D） contract （ A） fatal （ B） deadly （ C） lethal （ D） mortal （ A） which is gripping
9、（ B） to grip （ C） gripped （ D） gripping （ A） affected （ B） affects （ C） effect （ D） affecting （ A） after （ B） before （ C） until （ D） when （ A） marks （ B） trace （ C） symbols （ D） signs （ A） after （ B） until （ C） in （ D） within （ A） in （ B） of （ C） for （ D） to （ A） how （ B） why （ C） what （ D） when （ A
10、） rule off （ B） rule out （ C） rule over （ D） rule of Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 Sharks have gained an unfair reputation for being fierce predators of large sea animals. Humanitys unfounded fear and h
11、atred of these ancient creatures is leading to a worldwide slaughter that may result in the extinction of many larger, coastal shark species. The shark is the victim of a warped attitude of wildlife protection: we strive only to protect the beautiful, nonthreatening parts of our environment. And, in
12、 our efforts to restore only nonthreatening parts of our earth, we ignore other important parts. A perfect illustration of this attitude is the contrasting attitude towards another large sea animal, the dolphin. During the 1980s, environmentalists in the U.S.A. protested the use of driftnets for tun
13、a fishing in the Pacific Ocean since these nets also caught dolphins. The environmentalists generated enough political and economic pressure to prevent tuna companies from buying tuna that had been caught in driftnets. In contrast to this effort, the populations of sharks in the Pacific Ocean have d
14、ecreased to the point of extinction and there has been very little effort by the same environmentalists to save this important species, of marine wildlife. Sharks are among the oldest creatures on earth, having survived in the seas for more than 350 million years. They are extremely efficient animal
15、s, feeding on wounded or dying animals, thus performing an important role in nature of weeding out the weaker animals in a species. Just the fact that species such as the Great White Shark have managed to live in the oceans for so many millions of years is enough proof of their efficiency and adapta
16、bility to changing environments. It is time for humans, who may not survive another 1000 years at the rate they are damaging the planet, to east away their fears and begin considering the protection of sharks as creatures that may provide us insight into our own survival. 21 The main focus of this p
17、assage is _. （ A） why sharks have such a bad reputation （ B） how sharks become some of the oldest creatures on earth （ C） how sharks illustrate a problem in wildlife protection （ D） why the campaign to save dolphins was not extended to save sharks 22 About how long have sharks lived on the planet? （
18、 A） 25 million years. （ B） 150 million years. （ C） 350 million years. （ D） 500 million years. 23 Which of the following best describes the organization of this passage? （ A） Specific to general. （ B） Cause and effect. （ C） Statement and example. （ D） Chronological order. 24 How did environmentalists
19、 manage to protect dolphins? （ A） They prevented fishermen from selling them for meat. （ B） They pressured fishermen into protecting dolphins by law. （ C） They brought political pressure against tuna companies. （ D） They created sanctuaries where dolphin fishing was not allowed. 25 What is the autho
20、rs attitude in this passage? （ A） Explanatory. （ B） Persuasive. （ C） Humorous. （ D） Narrative. 26 In ancient Greece athletic festivals were very important and had strong religious association. The Olympian athletic festival held every four years in honour of Zeus, king of the Olympian Gods, eventual
21、ly lost its local character, became first a national event and then, after the rules against foreign competitors had been abolished, international. No one knows exactly how far back the Olympic Games go, but some official records date from 776 B.C. The games took place in August on the plain by Moun
22、t Olympus. Many thousands of spectators gathered from all parts of Greece, but no married woman was admitted even as a spectator. Slaves, women and dishonoured persons were not allowed to compete. The exact sequence of events is uncertain, but events included boys gymnastics, boxing, wrestling, hors
23、e racing and field events, though there were fewer sports involved than in the modern Olympic Games. On the last day of the Games, all the winners were honoured by having a ring of holy olive leaves placed on their heads. So great was the honour that the winner of the foot race gave his name to the
24、year of his victory. Although Olympic winners received no prize money, they were, in fact, richly rewarded by their state authorities. How their results compared with modern standards, we unfortunately have no means of telling. After an uninterrupted history of almost 1200 years, the Games were susp
25、ended by the Romans in 394 A.D. They continued for such a long time because people believed in the philosophy behind the Olympics: the idea that a healthy body produced a healthy mind, and that the spirit of competition in sports and games was preferable to the competition that caused wars. It was o
26、ver 1500 years before another such international athletic gathering took place in Athens in 1896. Nowadays, the Games are held in different countries in turn. The host country provides vast facilities, including a stadium, swimming pools and living accommodation, but competing countries pay their ow
27、n athletes expenses. The Olympics start with the arrival in the stadium of a torch, lighted on Mount Olympus by the suns rays. It is carried by a succession of runners to the stadium. The torch symbolized the continuation of the ancient Greek athletic ideals, and it burns throughout the Games until
28、the closing ceremony. The well-known Olympic flag, however, is a modern conception: the five interlocking rings symbolize the uniting of all five continents participating in the Games. 26 In ancient Greece, the Olympic Games _. （ A） were merely national athletic festivals （ B） were in the nature of
29、a national event with a strong religious colour （ C） had rules which put foreign participants in s disadvantageous position （ D） were primarily national events with few foreign participants 27 In the early days of ancient Olympic Games _. （ A） only male Greek athletes were allowed to participate in
30、the Games （ B） all Greeks, irrespective in of sex, religion or social status, were allowed to take part （ C） all Greeks, with the exception of women, were allowed to compete in the Games （ D） all male Greeks were qualified to compete in the Games 28 The order of athletic events at the ancient Olympi
31、cs _. （ A） has not definitely been established （ B） varied according to the number of foreign competitors （ C） was decided by Zeus, in whose honour the Games were held （ D） was considered unimportant 29 Modern athletes results cannot be compared with those of ancient runners because _. （ A） the Gree
32、ks had no means of recording the results （ B） they are much better （ C） details such as the time were not recorded in the past （ D） they are much worse 30 Nowadays, the athletes expenses are paid for _. （ A） out of the prize money of the winners （ B） out of the funds raised by the competing nations
33、（ C） by the athletes themselves （ D） by contributions 31 Let us ask what were the preparation and training Abraham Lincoln had for oratory, whether political or forensic. Born in rude and abject poverty, he never had any education, except what he gave himself, till he was approaching manhood. Not ev
34、en books wherewith to inform and train his mind were within his reach. No school, no university, no legal faculty had any part in training his powers. When he became a lawyer and a politician, the years most favourable to continuous study had already passed, and the opportunities he found for readin
35、g were very scanty. He knew but few authors in general literature, though he knew those few thoroughly. He taught himself a little mathematics, but he could read no language save his own, and can have had only the faintest acquaintance with European history or with any branch of philosophy. The want
36、 of regular education was not made up for by the persons among whom his lot was cast. Till he was a grown man, he never moved in any society from which he could learn those things with which the mind of an orator to be stored. Even after he had gained some legal practice, there was for many years no
37、 one for him to mix with except the petty practitioners of a petty town, men nearly all of whom knew little more than he did himself. Schools gave him nothing, and society gave him nothing. But he had a powerful intellect and a resolute will. Isolation fostered not only self-reliance but the habit o
38、f reflection, and indeed, of prolonged and intense reflection. He made all that he knew a part of himself. His convictions were his own clear and coherent. He was not positive or opinionated and he did not deny that at certain moments he pondered and hesitated long before he decided on his course. B
39、ut though he could keep a policy in suspense, waiting for events to guide him, he did not waver. He paused and reconsidered, but it was never his way to go back on a decision once more or to waste time in vain regrets that all he had expected had not been attained. He took advice readily and left ma
40、ny things to his ministers; but he did not lean on his advisers. Without vanity or ostentation, he was always independent, self-contained, prepared to take full responsibility for his acts. 31 It is said in the second paragraph that Abraham Lincoln _. （ A） was illiterate （ B） was never educated （ C）
41、 was educated very late （ D） behaved rudely when he was young 32 We are also told that Abraham Lincoln _. （ A） never cared much for reading （ B） did much reading when he was young （ C） never had much chance to read （ D） became an enthusiastic reader when he was grown up 33 It is said in the third pa
42、ragraph that Abraham Lincoln _. （ A） was anti-social （ B） learned little from his friends （ C） had few friends （ D） knew very few doctors 34 The habit of reflection helped Lincoln _. （ A） to develop independence （ B） to become more opinionated （ C） to attain clear convictions （ D） to become a hesita
43、nt person 35 We may say, taking the passage as a whole, that Lincoln was _. （ A） a failure because of his ignorance （ B） a man who triumphed over his disadvantages （ C） an exceptionally successful and well-educated person （ D） an illiterate man, but with some natural talents 36 The idea that, if you
44、r house is built in the right position, this may affect your success in life seems strange to many people. However, to believers in Feng-Shui, or the art of geomancy, not only the position but also the choice of decorations and even the color of your home can mean the difference between good fortune
45、 and disaster. This art has been practiced for centuries in China and is still used all over South East Asia. Even the huge Hong Kong banks call in a geomant if they are planning to build new offices. They have such faith in his knowledge that if he advises them to move, they will alter their plans
46、for even their biggest buildings. Like many Oriental beliefs the geomants skill depends on the idea of harmony in nature. If there is no imbalance between the opposing forces of Yin and Yang, the building will bring luck to its inhabitants. This means that the house must be built on the right spot a
47、s well as facing the right direction, and also be painted an auspicious color. For instance, if there are mountains to the north, this will protest them from evil influences. If the house is painted red, this will bring happiness to the occupants while green symbolizes youth and will bring long life
48、. Other factors, such as the owners time and date of birth, are taken into account, too. The geomant believes that unless all these are considered when choosing a site for construction, the fortune of the people using it will be at risk. Indeed, to ignore the geomants advice can have fatal results.
49、The death of the internationally famous Kung-Fu star, Bruce Lee, has been used as an example. It is said that when Lee found out that the house he was living in was an unlucky one, he followed a geomants advice and installed an eight-sided mirror outside his front door to bring him luck. Unfortunately, a storm damaged the mirror and the house was left unprotected from harmful influences. Soon afterwards Lee died in mysterious circumst
