1、考研英语模拟试卷 229及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 Capital City and Smithsville are two fairly large towns in the Midwest near Chicago. Neither is as well known as Chicago. (1)_ the
2、inhabitants of both are equally proud of their (2)_ hometown. People in Capital City love its quiet narrow (3)_ streets and its many small neighborhood parks, the boast (4)_ their hometown has no ugly slums, a low rate (5)_ crime, and very little heavy traffic. Because it is the seat of the state le
3、gislature, Capital City has many stately old buildings (6)_ the lawyers club in the park by the lake, and the country museum (7)_ its pioneer farm exhibits. Smithsville, (8)_,is a bustling, thriving, industrial center. It too has a lake, but (9)_ that of Capital City, its lake is the center of the c
4、itys industrial development. (10)_ trees and park benches, Smithsvilles lake is surrounded by factories and smoking chimneys. Smithsville is also (11)_ its quieter neighbour in its style of (12)_. The tall modern office buildings downtown, the new shopping center in the suburbs, and the wide crowded
5、 streets seem (13)_ to Smithsvilles residents than the old-fashioned neighbourhoods (14)_. When people from the more rural city (15)_ from a visit to Smithsville, they always say, “Im glad to be home again. That lake makes me (16)_. Its a fine place to visit, (17)_ I wouldnt want to live (18)_“. (19
6、)_ a visit to Capital City, citizens of Smithsville say (20)_ the same. （ A） But （ B） And （ C） Thus （ D） Therefore （ A） relative （ B） respectable （ C） reliable （ D） respective （ A） tree-lined （ B） trees-lining （ C） trees-lines （ D） tree-lining （ A） about （ B） how （ C） that （ D） of （ A） in （ B） as （
7、C） at （ D） of （ A） so that （ B） so as （ C） such as （ D） such that （ A） with （ B） in （ C） by （ D） beside （ A） on the other hand （ B） as usual （ C） for example （ D） in the case （ A） alike （ B） unlike （ C） like （ D） as （ A） Besides （ B） Taken into account （ C） Instead of （ D） As for （ A） the same as （
8、B） different from （ C） the same to （ D） different about （ A） architecture （ B） life （ C） pleasure （ D） people （ A） less attractive （ B） much attractive （ C） as attractive （ D） more attractive （ A） they live in （ B） they took place （ C） it took place （ D） they replaced （ A） go （ B） return （ C） turn （
9、 D） travel （ A） disappointed （ B） nervous （ C） satisfied （ D） unpleasant （ A） so （ B） as a result （ C） but （ D） in a word （ A） it （ B） that （ C） here （ D） there （ A） When （ B） After （ C） Before （ D） Until （ A） exactly （ B） hardly （ C） properly （ D） leisurely Part A Directions: Read the following fou
10、r texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 The pollution of Hong Kongs beaches by oil from a damaged tanker last year recalls a similar incident which took place in Britain in 1967 when the Torrey Canyon, a huge oil tanker, split in two and caused disaster
11、 in coastal areas. Shoals of fishes were killed, sea birds hopelessly fouled with oil and coastal holiday resorts put out of business for several weeks. As a result of this particular incident scientists are becoming restless at the thought of Britains inability to cope with national disasters on a
12、large scale. The reason for their concern is that technology is rapidly outstripping(超越 ) mans ability to control it. Oil tankers, for instance, have been allowed to get bigger and bigger without sufficient thought being given to emergency braking and maneuvering arrangement. Collisions at sea conti
13、nue, but little effect has been made to develop safety devices as effective as those used for aircraft. Scientists were outspoken in expressing their concern during a recent meeting of the British Association. Unanimous approval was voiced when the leading speaker urged that a permanent national res
14、cue services should be established, equipped for any emergency and ready to move off immediately. Of all the possible disasters mentioned, the one promoting most discussion was a major release of radioactivity from a nuclear power station. One does not need a particularly vivid imagination to visual
15、ize the other possibilities discussed. What would be the effect of a jumbo-jet crashing on a large chemical plant handling destroying liquids? Could the tapping of natural gas lead to any form of collapse? Suppose a lorry full of a highly poisonous chemical crashed unseen into a large reservoir? Dam
16、s can burst, abnormal conditions can lead to massive electrical blackouts. An intensive study of such possibilities could at least reduce the effects of future disasters. For example, it would mean that a number of technical alternatives (such as the choice between detergent or chalk for dispersing
17、oil) could be examined and tested in advance so that specially trained expert would know exactly what action was needed in a given emergency. 21 The main idea of the second paragraph is that _. （ A） safety precautions in aircraft are not as effective as those used on ships （ B） modern oil tankers ca
18、n stop or turn easily in spite of their size （ C） there are now fewer collisions at sea because of modern safety devices （ D） oil tankers are so big that special devices are needed 22 In the fourth paragraph the writer states that _. （ A） on one occasion radioactivity escaped from a nuclear power st
19、ation （ B） an areoplane carrying destroying liquids might crash into chemical plant （ C） a lorry once crashed into a reservoir （ D） a terrible accident could happen in a nuclear power station 23 The main idea of the final paragraph is that _. （ A） in an emergency all the technical alternations shoul
20、d be studied （ B） expert should be specially trained to determine the exact difference between detergent and chalk （ C） we ought to decide what measures to take before a disaster occurs （ D） technical experts should be examined and tested to see whether they are capable of selecting the right course
21、 of action in a future emergency 24 Of the following suggested titles the one most accurately sums up the passage is _. （ A） The Dangers of Modern Technology （ B） The Problem of Oil Pollution （ C） Some Interesting Accidents （ D） A Meeting of the British Association 25 What is the authors attitude to
22、ward the rapid development of technology? （ A） Tolerant. （ B） Enthusiastic. （ C） Hateful. （ D） Cautious. 26 The function of the office is to perform administrative work. First, it must provide the necessary communications with customers, banks, government departments, and other outside organizations
23、. Second, it must service the information requirements within the company itself. In order to meet these needs efficiently, the Office Manager must employ the most appropriate business methods, systems and equipment. In an efficient administrative structure, clerical operations are organized so that
24、 they add to the profitability of the business. However, in many countries the number of clerical staff has increased while the total number of workers employed in production has fallen. In Britain, for example, the total workforce in the years 1919-1976 went up by 25%, while the number of people wh
25、o were employed in clerical work increased by 150%. For a country such as Britain, which depends on a manufacturing base, that can mean inefficiency. To ensure that office services run smoothly, there must be the means to check, sort, copy and file correspondence and other paperwork. Today there is
26、a growing range of machines that can be used to do such jobs. The size and resources of a company will determine how mechanized or computerized its office systems are. The office must give maximum service at minimum cost. A balance must be kept between production, marketing, and administration. As a
27、 company develops and grows, the contribution of administration will vary in kind and in value. The most important objective in modern offices is the processing of data in order to provide a means of business control, but in many companies there are weaknesses in the ability to manage communications
28、 efficiently. For example, some data are often used only by individual managers, and different departments in the same company may use different data processing systems. In order to contribute to business efficiency, however, data processing must be a centralized service, The system which is require
29、d is one that looks at the total needs of a business and therefore assists management in making appropriate decisions quickly. 26 The office manager has to use the most suitable business system in order to _. （ A） ensure that office services run economically （ B） check and copy business corresponden
30、ce （ C） service the information requirements of the company （ D） provide means of business negotiation 27 According to the passage, the function of the office manager is to _. （ A） provide the necessary information for the local authority （ B） keep a balance between production, marketing and adminis
31、tration （ C） assist management in making appropriate decisions quickly （ D） make sure that administrative work is performed efficiently 28 In what way are some companies inefficient in managing communications? （ A） By not making data available to all managers. （ B） By using the same data processing
32、systems. （ C） By checking business correspondence. （ D） By depending on a manufacturing base. 29 The degree of computerization in a companys office is limited by _. （ A） the business methods and systems （ B） the correspondence and other paperwork （ C） the data and data processing systems （ D） the si
33、ze and resources of a company 30 Which of the following can contribute to business efficiency? （ A） Data processing must be a centralized service. （ B） The company develops and grows. （ C） The managers of different department know each other well. （ D） More machines should be used. 31 When they advi
34、se your kids to “get an education“ if you want to raise your income, they tell you only half the truth. What they really mean is to get just enough education to provide manpower for your society, but not too much that prove an embarrassment to your society. Get high school diploma, at least. Without
35、 that, you are occupationally dead, unless your name happens to be George Bernard Shaw or Thomas Alva Edison and you can successfully drop out in grade school. Get a college degree, if possible. With a B.A., you are on the launching pad(发射台 ). But now you have to start to put on the brakes. If you g
36、o for a masters degree, make sure it is a M.B.A., and only from a first-rate university. Beyond this, the famous law of diminishing returns begins to take effect. Do you know, for instance, that long-haul truck drivers earn more a year than full professors? Yes, the average 1977 salary for those tru
37、ckers was $24,000, while the full professors managed to average just $23,930. A Ph.D is the highest degree you can get, but except in a few specialized fields such as physics or chemistry, where the degree can quickly be turned to industrial or commercial purposes, you are facing a dim future. There
38、 are more Ph.Ds unemployed or underemployed in this country than in any other part of the world by far. If you become a doctor of philosophy in English or history or anthropology or political science or language or worst of all in philosophy, you run the risk of becoming overeducated for our nationa
39、l demands. Not for our needs, mind you, but for our demands. Thousands of Ph.Ds are selling shoes, driving cabs, waiting on tables and filling out fruitless applications month after month. And then maybe taking a job in some high school or backwater college that pays much less than the janitor(看门人 )
40、 earns. You can equate the level of income with the level of education only so far. Far enough, that is, to make you useful to the gross national product, but not so far that nobody can turn much of a profit on you. 31 According to the writer, what the society expects of education is to turn out peo
41、ple who _. （ A） will not be a shame to the society （ B） will become loyal citizens （ C） can take care of themselves （ D） can meet the demands as a source of manpower 32 If you are as gifted as Bernard Shaw or Edison, _. （ A） you can get a high school diploma without difficulty （ B） you will be succe
42、ssful in a grade school （ C） you can be professionally successful without a diploma （ D） the least you should do is to get a diploma 33 Ph.Ds are most likely to _. （ A） have difficulty getting properly employed （ B） be employed in the fields of commerce or industry （ C） have to fill out application
43、forms month after month for others （ D） work in schools or colleges with low pay 34 Which of the following is NOT true? （ A） Bernard Shaw didnt finish high school, nor did Edison. （ B） One must think carefully before going for a master degree. （ C） The higher your education level, the more money you
44、ll earn. （ D） If you are too well-educated, youll make things difficult for the society. 35 The writer is critical of _. （ A） the educational system （ B） the Ph.Ds （ C） the society （ D） the employers 36 The U. S. Bureau has estimated that the population of the United States could approach 300 millio
45、n in 2000 and will be 400 million in 2020. And the U.S. Department of Commerce estimates that the average U.S. per capita income will increase from $3,400 in 1969 to the equivalent of $8,300 (assuming a 1967 price level) in the year 2000, 2.5 times as much as that of 1969. According to government st
46、atistics, in the United States, there are over 110 million cars and “more people“ means “more cars“. By the end of twenties of next century, the population of the United States will have doubled that of today and the number of automobiles will be doubled as well. And in twenty-years time the per cap
47、ita income will also be 2.5 times higher than it is. If this increase income is spent on more and larger automobiles, larger houses, and increased consumption of other material goods, the results could cause catastrophic resource exhaustion, and pollution. Take the increase of the consumption of oil
48、 for instance. The consumption is so huge that the reserves might last only a decade or two if not supplemented by imports. Ten years ago it appeared that nuclear power would solve the anticipated energy crisis. Although supplies of uranium fuel were known to be limited and might become exhausted in
49、 half a century, the nuclear power plant has for a long time been a favorite project. But work on it has met with grave problems. The fear of possible atomic explosion and the problem of disposing of polluting by-product waste have slowed down the construction of further nuclear plants. Eventually atomic technology may be able to control these problems, but at present there seems to be little agreement among atomic scientists abou
