1、考研英语模拟试卷 55及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 College sports in the United States are a huge deal. Almost all major American universities have football, baseball, basketball and
2、hockey programs, and (1)_ millions of dollars each year to sports. Most of them earn millions (2)_ as well, in television revenues, sponsorships. They also benefit (3)_ from the added publicity they get via their teams. Big-name universities (4)_ each other in the most popular sports. Football games
3、 at Michigan regularly (5)_ crowds of over 90,000. Basketballs national collegiate championship game is a TV (6)_ on a par with any other sporting event in the United States, (7)_ perhaps the Super Bowl itself. At any given time during fall or winter one can (8)_ ones TV set and see the top athletic
4、 programs from schools like Michigan, UCLA, Duke and Stanford (9)_ in front of packed houses and national TV audiences. The athletes themselves are (10)_ and provided with sch61arships. College coaches identify (11)_ teenagers and then go into high schools to (12)_ the countrys best players to atten
5、d their universities. There are strict rules about (13)_ coaches can recruit no recruiting calls after 9 p. m., only one official visit to a campus but they are often bent and sometimes (14)_. Top college football programs (15)_ scholarships to 20 or 30 players each year, and those student-athletes,
6、 when they arrive (16)_ campus, receive free housing, tuition, meals, books, etc. In return, the players (17)_ the program in their sport. Football players at top colleges (18)_ two hours a day, four days a week from January to April. In summer, its back to strength and agility training four days a
7、week until mid-August, when camp (19)_ and preparation for the opening of the September-to-December season begins (20)_ During the season, practices last two or three hours a day from Tuesday to Friday. Saturday is game day. Mondays are an officially mandated day of rest. （ A） attribute （ B） distrib
8、ute （ C） devote （ D） attach （ A） out （ B） by （ C） in （ D） back （ A） directly （ B） indirectly （ C） apart （ D） indirect （ A） compete for （ B） compete in （ C） compete against （ D） compete over （ A） draw （ B） amuse （ C） govern （ D） handle （ A） spectator （ B） spectacle （ C） spectrum （ D） spectacles （ A）
9、save （ B） saving （ C） saved （ D） to save （ A） flip on （ B） flap at （ C） fling away （ D） flush out （ A） battle （ B） to battle （ C） battling （ D） battled （ A） recruited （ B） reconciled （ C） rectified （ D） reserved （ A） promising （ B） pleasing （ C） prominent （ D） professional （ A） contrive （ B） convinc
10、e （ C） convert （ D） convict （ A） which （ B） what （ C） how （ D） whether （ A） ignored （ B） neglected （ C） remembered （ D） noticed （ A） offer （ B） afford （ C） award （ D） reward （ A） in （ B） on （ C） at （ D） around （ A） commit themselves to （ B） commit themselves on （ C） commute themselves to （ D） comply
11、 themselves to （ A） work in （ B） work out （ C） work over （ D） work off （ A） recalls （ B） enlists （ C） convenes （ D） collects （ A） in principle （ B） in confidence （ C） in name （ D） in earnest Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or
12、 D. (40 points) 21 A weather map is an important tool for geographers. A succession of three of four maps presents a continuous picture of weather changes. Weather forecasts are able to determine the speed of air masses and fronts; to determine whether an individual pressure area is deepening or bec
13、oming shallow and whether a front is increasing or decreasing in intensity. They are also able to determine whether an air mass is retaining its original characteristics or taking on those of the surface over which it is moving. Thus, a most significant function of the map is to reveal a synoptic pi
14、cture of conditions in the atmosphere at a given time. All students of geography should be able to interpret a weather map accurately. Weather maps contain an enormous amount of information about weather conditions existing at the time of observation over a large geographical area. They reveal in a
15、few minutes what otherwise would take hours to describe. The United States weather Bureau issues information about approaching storms, floods, frosts, droughts, and all climatic conditions in general. Twice a month it issues a 30-day “outlook“ which is a rough guide to weather conditions likely to o
16、ccur over broad areas of the United States. These 30-day outlooks are based upon an analysis of the upper air levels with often set the stage for the development of air masses, fronts, and storms. Considerable effort is being exerted today to achieve more accurate weather predictions. With the use o
17、f electronic instruments and earth satellites, enormous gains have taken place recently in identifying and tracking storms over regions which have but few meteorological stations. Extensive experiments are also in progress for weather modification studies. But the limitations of weather modification
18、 have prevented meteorological results except in the seeding of super-cooled, upslope mountainous winds which have produced additional orographical precipitation on the windward side of mountain ranges. Nevertheless, they have provided a clearer understanding of the fundamentals of weather elements.
19、 21 One characteristic of weather maps not mentioned by the author in this passage is_. （ A） wind speed （ B） thermal changes （ C） fronts （ D） barometric pressure 22 The thirty-day forecast is determined by examining_. （ A） upper air levels （ B） satellite reports （ C） changing fronts （ D） daily air m
20、aps 23 The observation of weather conditions by satellites is advantageous because it_. （ A） gives the scientist information not obtained readily otherwise （ B） enables man to alter the weather （ C） uses electronic instruments （ D） is modern 24 A weather map is synoptic because it_. （ A） summarizes
21、a great deal of information （ B） can be interpreted accurately （ C） appears daily （ D） shows changing fronts 25 At the present time, experiments are being conducted in_. （ A） 30-day “outlook“ （ B） controlling storms （ C） satellites （ D） manipulating weather 26 Imagine a world in which there was sudd
22、enly no emotion a world in which human beings could feel no love or happiness, no terror or hate. Try to imagine the consequences of such a transformation. People might not be able to stay alive: knowing neither joy nor pleasure, neither anxiety nor fear, they would be as likely to repeat acts that
23、hurt them as acts that were beneficial. They could not learn: they could not benefit from experience because this emotionless world would lack rewards and punishments. Society would soon disappear: people would be as likely to harm one another as to provide help and support. Human relationships woul
24、d not exist: in a world without friends or enemies, there could be no marriage, affection among companions, or bonds among members of groups. Societys economic underpinnings would be destroyed: since earning $10 million would be no more pleasant than earning $10, there would be no incentive to work.
25、 In fact, there would be no incentives of any kind. For as we will see, incentives imply a capacity to enjoy them. In such a world, the chances that the human species would survive are next to zero, because emotions are the basic instrument of our survival and adaptation. Emotions structure the worl
26、d for us in important ways. As individuals, we categorize objects on the basis of our emotions. True we consider the length, shape, size, or texture, but an objects physical aspects are less important than what it has done or can do to us hurt us, surprise us, anger us or make us joyful. We also use
27、 categorizations coloured by emotions in our families, communities, and overall society. Out of our emotional experiences with objects and events comes a social feeling of agreement that certain things and actions are “good“ and others are “bad“, and we apply these categories to every aspect of our
28、social life from what foods we eat and what clothes we wear to how we keep promises and which people our group will accept. In fact, society exploits our emotional reactions and attitudes, such as loyalty, morality, pride, shame, guilt, fear and greed, in order to maintain itself. It gives high rewa
29、rds to individuals when perform important tasks such as surgery, makes heroes out of individuals for unusual or dangerous achievements such flying fighter planes in a war, and Uses the legal and penal system to make people afraid to engage in antisocial acts. 26 The reason why people might not be ab
30、le to stay alive in a world without emotion is that_. （ A） they would not be able to tell the texture of objects （ B） they would not know what was beneficial and what was harmful to them （ C） they would not be happy with a life without love （ D） they would do things that hurt each others feeling 27
31、According to the passage, peoples learning activities are possible because they_. （ A） believe that emotions are fundamental for them to stay alive （ B） benefit from rewarded for doing the right thing （ C） know what is vital to progress of society （ D） enjoy being rewarded for doing the right thing
32、28 It can be inferred from the passage that the economic foundation of society is dependen on_. （ A） the ability to make money （ B） the will to work for pleasure （ C） the capacity to enjoy incentives （ D） the categorizations of our emotional experiences 29 Emotions are significant for mans survival
33、and adaptation because_. （ A） they provide the means by which people view the size or shape of objects （ B） they are the basis for the social feeling of agreement by which society is maintained （ C） they encourage people to perform dangerous achievements （ D） they generate more love than hate among
34、people 30 The emotional aspects of an object are more important than its physical aspects in that they_. （ A） help society exploit its members for profit （ B） encourage us to perform important tasks （ C） help to perfect the legal and penal system （ D） help us adapt our behaviour to the world surroun
35、ding us 31 Real policemen hardly recognize any resemblance between their lives and what they see on TV. The first difference is that a policemans real life revolves found criminal law. He has to know exactly what actions are crimes and what evidence can be used to prove them in court. He has to know
36、 nearly as much law as a professional lawyer, and what is more, he has to apply it on his feet, in the dark and-rain, running down a street after someone he wants to talk to. Little of his time is spent in chatting, he will spend most of his working life typing millions of words on thousands of form
37、s about hundreds of sad, unimportant people who are guilty of stupid, petty crimes. Most television crime drama is about finding the criminal: as soon as hes arrested, the story is over. In real life, finding criminals is seldom much of a problem. Except in very serious cases like murders and terror
38、ist attacks little effort is spent on searching. Having made an arrest, a detective really starts to work. He has to prove his case in court and to do that he often has to gather a lot of difference evidence. The third big difference between the drama detective and the real one is the unpleasant pre
39、ssures, first, as members of a police force they always have to behave absolutely in accordance with the law secondly, as expensive public servants they have to get results. They can hardly ever do both. Most of the time some of them have to break the rules in small ways. If the detective has to dec
40、eive the world, the world often deceives him. Hardly anyone he meets tells him the truth. And this separation the detective feels between himself and the rest of the world is deepened by the simple-mindedness as he sees it of citizens, social workers, doctors, law-makers, and judges, who, instead of
41、 eliminating crime punish the criminals less severely in the hope that this will make them reform. The result, detectives feel, is that nine-tenths of their work is recatching people who should have stayed behind bars. This makes them rather cynical. 31 A policeman has to be trained in criminal law
42、because_. （ A） he must be able to tell when and where a crime is committed （ B） he must justify the arrests he makes of criminals （ C） he must behave as professional lawyers do （ D） he must work hard to help reform criminals 32 What is the most suitable word that describes the work of a policeman ac
43、cording to the passage? （ A） Distressing （ B） Dramatic （ C） Dangerous （ D） Demanding 33 According to the passage, policemen spend most of their time and efforts_. （ A） consulting the rules of law （ B） collecting and providing evidence （ C） tracking and arresting criminals （ D） patrolling the street,
44、 rain or shine 34 Whats the policemans biggest headache? （ A） He has to justify his arrests while unable to provide sufficient evidence in most cases. （ B） He has to provide the best possible public service at the least possible expense. （ C） He has to get the most desirable results without breaking
45、 the law in any way. （ D） He can hardly find enough time to learn criminal law while burdened with numerous criminal cases. 35 Why do policemen feel separated from the rest of the world? （ A） Because they feel superior to simple-minded people around them. （ B） Because they are suspicious of the peop
46、le around them. （ C） Because they do not receive due support from society. （ D） Because they find people insincere to them. 36 Richard Satava, program manager for advanced medical technologies, has been a driving force bringing virtual reality to medicine, where computers create a “virtual“ or simul
47、ated environment for surgeons and other medical practitioners(从业者 ). “With virtual reality well be able to put a surgeon in every trench“, said Satava. He envisaged a time when soldiers who are wounded fighting overseas are put in mobile surgical units equipped with computers. The computers would tr
48、ansmit images of the soldiers to surgeons back in the U.S. The surgeons would look at the soldier through virtual reality helmets(头盔 ) that contain a small screen displaying the image of the wound. The doctors would guide robotic instruments in the battlefield mobile surgical unit that operate on th
49、e soldier. Although Satavas vision may be years away from standard operating procedure, scientists are progressing toward virtual reality surgery. Engineers at an international organization in California are developing a tele-operating device. As surgeons watch a three-dimensional image of the surgery, they move instruments that are connected to a computer, which passes their movements to robotic instruments that perform
