1、考研英语模拟试卷 60及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 Human beings are animals. We breathe, eat and digest, and reproduce the same life (1)_ common to all animals. In a biological labora
2、tory, rats, monkeys, and humans seem very much the same. However, biological understanding is not enough: (2)_ itself, it can never tell us what human beings are. (3)_ to our physical equipment the naked human bodywe are not an (4)_ animal. We are tropical creatures, (5)_ hairless and sensitive to c
3、old. We are not fast and have neither claws nor sharp teeth to defend ourselves. We need a lot of food but have almost no physical equipment to help us get it. In the purely physical (6)_, our species seems a poor (7)_ for survival. But we have survived survived and multiplied and (8)_ the earth. So
4、me day we will have a (9)_ living on the moon, a place with neither air nor water and with temperatures that mm gases into solids. How can we have done all these things? Part of the answer is physical. (10)_ its limitations, our physical equipment has some important (11)_. We have excellent vision a
5、nd hands that can (12)_ objects with a precision unmatched by any other (13)_ Most importantly, we have a large brain with an almost (14)_ number of neural (15)_. We have used this physical equipment to create culture, the key to our survival and success. If we live in the Arctic, we supply the warm
6、th for our tropical bodies need (16)_ clothing, shelter, and (17)_ heat. If a million people want to live in a desert that supplies natural food for only a few hundred, we find water to grow food and (18)_ deficits by transporting supplies from distant places. Inhabitants of our eventual moon colony
7、 will bring their own food and oxygen and then create an artificial earth environment to supply necessities. With culture, we can overcome our natural limitations. It was not always (19)_ Our distant ancestors were just animals, faced with the limits of their physical equipment. They had no (20)_ an
8、d lacked the physical Capacity to use it. （ A） processes （ B） acts （ C） modes （ D） procedures （ A） On （ B） With （ C） For （ D） By （ A） Stripped （ B） Pared （ C） Peeled （ D） Removed （ A） intelligent （ B） impressive （ C） influential （ D） incentive （ A） barely （ B） hardly （ C） nearly （ D） scarcely （ A） m
9、eaning （ B） judgment （ C） perspective （ D） sense （ A） bet （ B） chance （ C） fact （ D） lack （ A） filled （ B） loaded （ C） stuffed （ D） scattered （ A） residence （ B） colony （ C） home （ D） empire （ A） Apart from （ B） With regard to （ C） Except （ D） In spite of （ A） abilities （ B） potentials （ C） capabili
10、ties （ D） possibilities （ A） maneuver （ B） manage （ C） manipulate （ D） manufacture （ A） animal （ B） animals （ C） creatures （ D） creature （ A） infinite （ B） unknown （ C） boundless （ D） ceaseless （ A） connections （ B） relations （ C） activities （ D） accesses （ A） for （ B） to （ C） with （ D） by （ A） arti
11、ficial （ B） fake （ C） unreal （ D） unauthentic （ A） add up （ B） break up （ C） make up （ D） cut up （ A） this （ B） thus （ C） hence （ D） that （ A） intellect （ B） equipment （ C） competence （ D） culture Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B
12、, C or D. (40 points) 21 Considered by many to be one of the greatest statesmen of all time, Benjamin Franklin has, without a doubt, left an indelible mark on history for all time. The man who would come to impact the course of the United States development came from the most humble of backgrounds.
13、Born the fifteenth child of a candle maker in Boston, Massachusetts, young Benjamin only attended two years of formal schooling before entering the candle making business himself at the age of ten. After his stint in the candle shop, he worked in a printing shop for five years, educating himself all
14、 the while by constantly reading and writing. Franklins intellectual and political growth continued unabated for decades, with such notable achievements along the way as the famous “Poor Richards Almanac“ which was used as a tool by farmers and as entertainment by more intellectual patrons. Also per
15、sonally responsible for the founding of the first public library in the United States, the University of Pennsylvania, the fire department and police force of his state, young Franklin was seldom seen at rest, preferring to utilize his talents for the betterment of his community. He was particularly
16、 crucial in the formation of the new American republic after its war of independence from Britain, using his considerable intellectual clout to influence thinkers of the period and garner support for the revolution. In 1776, Franklin traveled to France on a diplomatic mission, the culmination of whi
17、ch was a strategic alliance that greatly assisted the ailing American military with Frances naval power. Franklin was still not satisfied to rest on his laurels after liberation from England was achieved, rather continuing on his rapid pace of accomplishments. In 1785 he returned to Pennsylvania to
18、take part in the Constitutional Convention, and ended up writing a good deal of the constitution himself. Smaller feats were continually achieved, up until the time of his death on April 17, 1790. He was busy until the end, constantly working toward the betterment of humanity. A telling tribute is t
19、he fact that just two months prior to his death, he performed his last political action by signing a petition to Congress, which called for the abolition of the institution of slavery. 21 In paragraph 2, the word “stint“ is most similar in use to_. （ A） attempt （ B） failure （ C） success （ D） period
20、of time 22 The author implies by bringing do his lack of education that Benjamin Franklin_. （ A） was unlikely to achieve as much as he did （ B） was born into a relatively low social class, but worked his way up （ C） was naturally gifted, thus accomplishing much despite that setback （ D） could have a
21、ccomplished even more, had he undergone more formal schooling 23 The purpose of the last paragraph is to_. （ A） stress that Benjamin Franklin kept the interests of humanity constantly in mind （ B） remind the reader that Franklin remained productive all the way to the end of his life （ C） bring up th
22、e topic of Franklins contribution to politics through the constitutional convention （ D） raise more facts to support the claim that Franklin was a genius 24 The best title for this text would be“_“ （ A） Benjamin Franklin: Statesman Extraordinary （ B） A Life of Successful Variety: Benjamin Franklin （
23、 C） The Life and Times of Benjamin Franklin （ D） A Report on Franklins Impact on Society 25 In paragraph 3, a number of Franklins accomplishments are listed in order to （ A） demonstrate that he was adept in a variety, of different fields （ B） prove that he constantly. worked toward the goal of makin
24、g the world a better place （ C） list his most important achievements and successes （ D） detail some of his more prominent accomplishments to underscore his ingenuity 26 When a disease of epidemic proportions rips into the populace, scientists immediately get to work, trying to locate the source of t
25、he affliction and find ways to combat it. Oftentimes, success is achieved, as medical science is able to isolate the parasite, germ or cell that causes the problem and finds ways to effectively kill or contain it. In the most serious of cases, in which the entire population of a region or country ma
26、y be at grave risk, it is deemed necessary to protect the entire population through vaccination, so as to safeguard lives and ensure that the disease will not spread. The process of vaccination allows the patients body to develop immunity to the virus or disease so that, if it is encountered, one ca
27、n fight it off naturally. To accomplish this, a small weak or dead strain of the disease is actually injected into the patient in a controlled environment, so that his bodys immune system can learn to fight the invader properly. Information on how to penetrate the diseases defenses is transmitted to
28、 all elements of the patients immune system in a process that occurs naturally, in which genetic information is passed from cell to cell. This makes sure that, should the patient later come into contact with the real problem, his body is well equipped and trained to deal with it, having already done
29、 so before. There are dangers inherent in the process, however. On occasion, even the weakened version of the disease contained in the vaccine proves too much for the body to handle, resulting in the immune system succumbing, and, therefore, the patients death. Such is the case of the smallpox vacci
30、ne, designed to eradicate the smallpox epidemic that nearly wiped out the entire Native American population and killed massive numbers of settlers. Approximately one in 10,000 people who receives the vaccine contract the smallpox disease from the vaccine itself and dies from it. Thus, if the entire
31、population of the United States were to receive the Smallpox Vaccine today, 3000 Americans would be left dead. Fortunately, the smallpox virus was considered eradicated in the early 1970s, ending the mandatory vaccination of all babies in America. In the event of a re-introduction of the disease, ho
32、wever, mandatory vaccinations may resume, resulting in more unexpected deaths from vaccination. The process, which is truly a blessing, may indeed hide some hidden curses. 26 How do vaccines protect humans from diseases according to paragraph 2? （ A） By training the immune system to fight weaker ver
33、sions of the disease. （ B） By passing information on how to fight the disease to the immune system. （ C） By weakening the disease so that the immune system can defeat it. （ D） Introducing the disease to the body, so that survivors have already fought it. 27 What does the example of the smallpox vacc
34、ine illustrate? （ A） The way that vaccines protect people from diseases. （ B） The effectiveness of vaccines in eradicating certain diseases. （ C） The practical use of a vaccine to control an epidemic disease. （ D） The possible negative outcome of administering vaccines. 28 The author argues that vac
35、cinations are both a blessing and a curse because_. （ A） saving the many would not necessarily justify the death of the few （ B） some vaccines, such as the smallpox vaccine, have negative side effects （ C） they dont always work （ D） while many lives are saved, some are actually killed by the vaccine
36、 29 The best title for this text would be“_“ （ A） The Smallpox Vaccine: An Analysis （ B） How Vaccines Work （ C） Vaccines: Methods and Implications （ D） A Warning on the Negative Side Effects of Vaccines 30 The main purpose of the text is to_. （ A） convince the reader that vaccines are not as safe as
37、 many think （ B） educate the reader on how vaccines are used and some of their dangers （ C） educate the reader on the circumstances that would neccesitate widespread vaccinations （ D） present the method by which vaccines are used through the case of the smallpox vaccine 31 To walk among me stars has
38、 been a dream of human kind since the beginning of time, wandering among the heavens that inspire legends and fantasies across the ages. Today, that dream has become a reality, a memory of some of the greatest human achievements in history: walking on the moon, sending probes to distant planets and
39、discovering the secrets behind the mysteries of the cosmos. In the middle of the twentieth century, however, humans were at the halfway point between viewing space travel as a dream and as a reality. To them it was a goal rather than a memory, and the two main forces working toward that goal were th
40、e worlds two superpowers, the Soviet Union and the United States. Both of the great nations, on the advent of incredibly efficient rocket thrusters capable of propelling manmade objects into space, strove to achieve the victory of finding a place among the stars and securing the considerable interna
41、tional prestige associated with that monumental achievement. The Soviet Union gained the initial upper hand in the “Space Race,“ as it is commonly called, sending the first animal into space with. its Sputnik program. Its success and momentum carried it forward, achieving the second remarkable goal
42、of putting a human cosmonaut into orbit around the earth and, more importantly, bringing him safely back to earth. The United States, sensing its losing position in the Space Race, set out to achieve the most ambitious goal yeti, to put a man on the moon. The resources of the entire nation were mobi
43、lized to work toward that goal under the orders of President John F. Kennedy, in an attempt to assert itself as a contender in the Space Race despite the Soviet Unions early victories. After several years, all the efforts bore fruit, when Neil Armstrong, an American became the first man to walk on f
44、ile moon. With the utterance of his famous words, “Thats one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind,“ Armstrong stated what everyone was thinking. The impossible has been achieved, for such a feat was considered impossible a scant hundred years prior. With the space program continuing forwar
45、d, the future does indeed seem to hold unlimited possibilities for human kind. An international space station is now orbiting the earth and there are even plans for colonizing planets, bringing the dreams and fantasies of yesterday in line with the reality of today. 31 According to the author, the “
46、Space Race“ was_. （ A） a competition exclusively between the United States and the Soviet Union （ B） the path by which the realization of yesterdays dreams was fulfilled （ C） won by the United States, which achieved the most impressive victory （ D） a competition that resulted in great leaps in human
47、 technology and growth 32 Armstrongs quote is utilized in the last paragraph because_. （ A） it exemplifies the attitude of the nations as a result of the Space Race （ B） it is important to hear and understand the words of the pioneers who took part in the project （ C） it summarizes the philosophy th
48、at the author is attempting to convey in the text （ D） it defied all expectation and signaled a great step forward for technology 33 The author brings up the topic of the international space station in order to_. （ A） continue to stress the idea that what was previously thought impossible is now bei
49、ng achieved （ B） indicate the next great achievement to be accomplished in the space program （ C） demonstrate that the “Space Race“ is now a cooperative effort between nations （ D） convince the reader that the “space program is producing positive results 34 Which of the following is NOT considered a result of the “Space Race“? （ A） Great upsurges in technological development. （ B） Tense relations between the United States and the Sovie
