1、Designation: C 874 99 (Reapproved 2004)Standard Practice forRotary Slag Testing of Refractory Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 874; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last rev
2、ision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice describes a procedure for comparing thebehavior of refractories to the action of molten slag in arotating test
3、furnace. A reference material should be included ineach test and run for comparison. No numeric results areobtained from this practice. Numeric evaluation of test resultsis the responsibility of the test operator. The test and equipmentare patterned after a method developed by Valley DolomiteCorpora
4、tion2.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The values given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to
5、 establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Significance and Use2.1 This practice outlines a procedure which, when appro-priate evaluation methods are added, can be useful in thedevelopment of new products or in the s
6、election of products tobe used in contact with a particular slag composition.2.2 A gradient exists through the test specimens that iscontrolled by the thermal conductivity of the specimens andbackup material. The slag is constantly renewed so that a highrate of corrosion is maintained. The flow of t
7、he slag can causemechanical erosion of materials. The tilt and rotational speedof the furnace will affect the amount of mechanical erosion.2.3 Use caution in interpreting results when materials ofvastly different types are included in a single run. Care must betaken to prevent oxidation of carbon-co
8、ntaining materialsduring heat up; failure to do so can result in highly erraticresults. A reference refractory specimen, or specimens, shouldbe used for comparison.3. Apparatus3.1 Furnace, consisting of a cylindrical shell, typically 18in. (456 mm) long and with a 10-in (254-mm) inside diameter,moun
9、ted on rollers and motor driven. Both the rotation and tiltof the furnace along its long axis should allow for adjustment.3.2 BurnerA gas-oxygen torch capable of heating thefurnace to 3200F (1760C). The burner should be equippedwith flowmeters to monitor gas and oxygen flows.3.3 Optical Pyrometer.3.
10、4 Tools, for (1) a means of feeding slag pellets intofurnace, and (2) to assemble and dismantle the furnace.3.5 Gas Atmosphere Analyzer and Sampling Equipment.3.6 Mold, to form plastic, castable, and rammed samples.3.7 Molds, to form slag pellets.3.8 Abrasive Saws, to cut brick samples.3.9 Supply of
11、 Granular Refractory Backup Material.3.10 Safety Equipment.4. Test Specimens4.1 Test specimens should be 9 in. (228 mm) long and havea cross section as shown in Fig. 1. The 1.75 by 9-in. (44 by228-mm) face should be an original surface.4.2 One or more reference samples should be included ineach test
12、 run.5. Assembly5.1 Six test specimens, as described in Section 4, shallconstitute a test lining. This lining can be assembled around ahexagonal shaped mandrel with 1.75-in. (44-mm) faces andtaped or steel-banded for subsequent handling. The liningshould be positioned midway in the 18-in. (456-mm) l
13、ength ofthe shell. Any suitable granular or castable refractory materialmay be installed behind the test lining.5.2 It has been found convenient to use precast plugs to fillthe two ends of the shell. These should be 4.5 in. (114 mm)thick by 10 in. (254 mm) in diameter to fit inside the shell. Thehex
14、agonal holes in the plug should match those of the testlining. For basic slags, the plugs should be formed using a98 % MgO ramming or casting mix; for acid slags, the plugsshall be formed using a +90 % Al2O3ramming or casting mix.The whole assembly should be held in place by retaining ringsbolted to
15、 each end of the shell.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on Refractoriesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.04 on Chemical Behaviors.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2004. Published October 2004. Originallyapproved in 1977. Last previous edition approve
16、d in 1999 as C 874 99.2Cash, P., “Measuring Refractory Resistance to Hot Slags,” Ceramic Age,August 1966, pp. 2029.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.3 The shell, with the test specimens in place, shall then beplaced i
17、n its cradle and linkage made to the driving motor.5.4 The gas-oxygen torch mounting should be adjustable toa position 3 to 5 in. (76 to 127 mm) from the furnace openingso as to be able to fire axially through the furnace.6. Preparation of Slag Pellets6.1 Whatever the slag to be used, synthetic or p
18、refused, itshould be ground to pass an ASTM No. 30 (600-m) sieve(equivalent to a 28-mesh Tyler Standard Series) and havesuitable binder cast, extruded, or pressed into convenientpellets. A 1-in. (25-mm) diameter by 1.5-in (38-mm) longcylinder is a convenient form. Depending on the slag used, drypell
19、ets of this size will weigh approximately 0.1 lb (45 g). Afterforming, the pellets are dried, weighed, and counted to deter-mine the number of pellets to be charged into the furnaceduring the test. Optionally, carbon black may be added to theslag mixture if a reducing test atmosphere is desired.7. P
20、rocedure7.1 In principle, the furnace is typically tilted 3 axiallytoward the burner end. Charge preformed slag pellets into theupper end of the tilted rotary furnace. The furnace, preheatedby the gas-oxygen torch at the other end, shall be at atemperature to melt the slag pellets. The molten slag w
21、ashesover the lining and drips from the lower end of the furnace infront of the burner.7.2 Rotate the furnace at a constant speed, normally 212rpm.7.3 During the test, measure the temperature of the slag bymeans of an optical pyrometer immediately prior to chargingfresh slag. Read the temperature of
22、 the slag at the lower onethird of the 9-in. (228-mm) long brick specimen every 15 min,and maintain this temperature within 618F (610C) of thedesired test temperature.7.4 The test atmosphere is usually oxidizing. In specialcases, a reducing atmosphere may be desirable which may beobtained using carb
23、on black additives to the slag mixture anda reducing flame. In all cases, atmosphere analyses to identifyoxygen pressure and monitoring throughout the run is sug-gested.7.5 In a typical basic brick specimen run, heat the furnace totemperature in approximately 2 to 212 h and soak at tempera-ture for1
24、2 h, during which time charge 2 lb (0.9 kg) of slagpellets to coat the lining and provide a starting bath. Startregular feeding of slag pellets at a rate of 2 to 4 lb (0.9 to 1.8kg)/h and continue for 5 h. For less slag-resistant fireclay oralumina specimens, coupled with more erosive slags, theamou
25、nt of slag charged and the time of the run may be reduced.7.6 At the end of testing, immediately after shutting off theoxygen and gas and the motor, tilt the furnace to a verticalposition to allow the remaining slag to drain.NOTE 1Dimensions are in inches.NOTE 2Six cuts are needed for complete linin
26、g.SI Equivalentsin. mm1.752.53.04.5446476114FIG. 1 Cross Section of Cut Brick Samples for Lining the Rotary Slag-Test FurnaceC 874 99 (2004)27.7 After the cold furnace is disassembled, saw each iden-tified specimen through the 9-in. (228-mm) length perpendicu-lar to and at the center of the slagged
27、face.8. Report8.1 The report should include the following:8.1.1 Type, source, and composition of the slag,8.1.2 Test temperature,8.1.3 Duration of test,8.1.4 Rate of slag feed and total amount of slag used, and8.1.5 Any unusual test conditions, such as furnace atmo-sphere.8.2 Observations as to the
28、condition of the specimens aftertesting. It may be desirable to cut the specimens in half andexpose a cross-sectional view.8.2.1 These observations may be, but are not limited to:photographs, written comments, depth or volume of slag cut,depth or volume of slag penetration, change of mineralogy, and
29、development of cracks in the specimens. Procedures used toobtain numerical results involving slag cut or penetration, orboth, of the specimens need to be included in the report.9. Keywords9.1 corrosion; penetration; refractories; rotary; slagASTM International takes no position respecting the validi
30、ty of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subjec
31、t to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarte
32、rs. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard
33、is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).C 874 99 (2004)3
