1、Designation: D1203 10Standard Test Methods forVolatile Loss From Plastics Using Activated CarbonMethods1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1203; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last rev
2、ision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 These test methods cover the determination o
3、f volatileloss from a plastic material under defined conditions of timeand temperature, using activated carbon as the immersionmedium.1.2 Two test methods are covered as follows:1.2.1 Test Method A, Direct Contact with ActivatedCarbonIn this test method the plastic material is in directcontact with
4、the carbon. This test method is particularly usefulin the rapid comparison of a large number of plastic specimens.1.2.2 Test Method B, Wire CageThis test method pre-scribes the use of a wire cage, which prevents direct contactbetween the plastic material and the carbon. By eliminating thedirect cont
5、act, the migration of the volatile components to thesurrounding carbon is minimized and loss by volatilization ismore specifically measured.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated
6、with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1This standard is similar in content (not technically equivalent)to ISO 176.2. Referenced Documents2.1
7、 ASTM Standards:2D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating toPlasticsE197 Specification for Enclosures and Servicing Units forTests Above and Below Room Temperature3E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlab
8、oratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method2.2 Other Documents:ISO 176 Determination of the Loss of Plasticizers fromPlastics by the Activated Carbon Method43. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions are in accordance with Termi-nologies D883 and D1600 unless otherwise indicated.4. Signif
9、icance and Use4.1 The test methods are intended to be rapid empirical testswhich have been found to be useful in the relative comparisonof materials having the same nominal thickness.NOTE 2When the plastic material contains plasticizer, loss from theplastic is assumed to be primarily plasticizer. Th
10、e effect of moisture isconsidered to be negligible.4.2 Correlation with ultimate application for various plasticmaterials shall be determined by the user. To obtain acceleratedtests that more nearly approach actual service conditions, referto Specification E197.5. Apparatus5.1 BalanceAn accurate ana
11、lytical balance, equippedwith Class S weights or better.5.2 Oven or BathA thermostatically controlled oven orbath capable of maintaining the temperature to within 61C ofthe test temperature, which normally will be in the range from50 to 150C.5.3 ContainersMetal cans or wide-mouth screw-top jars,of c
12、ylindrical form, approximately 100 mm in diameter andapproximately12 L in capacity.NOTE 3Pint paint cans work well.1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 onPlastics and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.15 on ThermoplasticMaterials (Section D20.15.11 on
13、Plasticizers).Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2010. Published January 2011. Originallyapproved in 1952. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D1203 94(2003).DOI: 10.1520/D1203-10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm
14、.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.4Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th F
15、loor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.4 MicrometerA micrometer capable of measuring to thenearest 0.0025 mm fo
16、r measuring the thickness of the testspecimens.5.5 Metal Cages (for Test Method B)Wire cages con-structed from approximately 30-mesh bronze gauze, in cylin-drical form, having a diameter of 60 mm and a height of 6 mm,formed by soldering a strip of gauze at right angles to theperiphery of a disk of b
17、ronze gauze. One of the bases acts as alid.5.6 150 mL Beaker graduated in 10 mL intervals.6. Material6.1 Activated Carbon,614 MeshIt has been found thatdifferent types and grades of activated carbon give differingresults, thus making it necessary for the purchaser and theseller to agree on the same
18、type and grade in order to obtainconcordant results. Care shall be taken that an airtight storagecontainer is used for the activated carbon and that freshmaterial is used for each test. The activated carbon shall bescreened through a 14-mesh screen immediately prior to use toeliminate fines.7. Test
19、Specimens7.1 The test specimens shall be 50 mm diameter disks madeof the plastic material to be tested. Three specimens of eachformulation shall be tested.7.2 Thickness of the test specimens shall be 0.25 6 0.025mm.NOTE 4If another thickness is desired to be tested due to purchasespecifications or o
20、ther considerations, it shall be specified in the report.7.3 Direct comparison of values between materials shall notbe made unless all specimens so compared do not vary by morethan 610 % from a given nominal thickness.NOTE 5This precaution is necessary because of discrepancies thatmay arise due to e
21、dge effects, depletion of volatiles, and the fact that thepercent weight loss is an inverse function of thickness.8. Conditioning8.1 ConditioningCondition the test specimens at 23 62C and 50 6 10 % relative humidity for not less than 20 hprior to test in accordance with Procedure A of Practice D618.
22、Preferably, specimens shall be suspended to assure free aircirculation among the specimens. In cases of disagreement, thetolerances shall be 61C and 65 % relative humidity.9. ProcedureTest Method A, Direct Contact withActivated Carbon9.1 Weigh the conditioned specimens individually on theanalytical
23、balance and designate this weight as W1. Weight ofindividual specimens shall be within a tolerance of 610 %.9.2 Spread 120 cm3of activated carbon evenly on thebottom of a container. Place one specimen on top of theactivated carbon and cover it with 120 cm3of activated carbon.Place a second specimen
24、(Note 4) on top of the first and coverit with 120 cm3of the carbon, followed by a third specimen andthen 120 cm3more of activated carbon. Place a cover on thecontainer in such a manner that the container will be vented.This is necessary to assure that any possible pressure build-upin the container d
25、uring heating is relieved. Take care that in nocase shall the carbon be packed by pressure other than theweight of the composite sandwich in the container.NOTE 6Only specimens of the same composition or formulation shallbe tested in a single container, because of the possibility of cross-migration b
26、etween varying compositions.9.3 Place the container upright in the oven or bath. Unlessotherwise specified, the temperature of the oven or bath shallbe 70 6 1C and the duration of the test 24 h.9.4 At the end of the 24-h period, remove the container fromthe oven or bath. Then, within 1 h, remove the
27、 specimens fromthe container, brush free of carbon, and recondition in accor-dance with Section 8.9.5 After reconditioning, reweigh the specimens and desig-nate this weight as W2. Weight of individual specimens shall bewithin a tolerance of 610 %.10. ProcedureTest Method B, Wire Cage10.1 Proceed as
28、in Section 9 (Test Method A), except placeevery individual specimen in a small metal wire-mesh cageconstructed as indicated in 5.5, and maintain the temperature at100 6 1C.NOTE 7If other conditions of test are desired, they may be employed,but shall be specified in the report.11. Calculation11.1 Cal
29、culate the volatile loss, expressed as percent weightloss based on the original specimen weight, as follows:weight loss, % 5 W12 W2!/W1# 3 100 (1)where:W1= initial weight of test specimen, andW2= final weight of test specimen.12. Report12.1 Report the following information:12.1.1 Complete identifica
30、tion of the material tested, includ-ing type, source, manufacturers code number, and previoushistory,12.1.2 Actual thickness to the nearest 0.025 mm for each ofthe three specimens tested, and the average of the three,12.1.3 Percent weight loss recorded to two significant fig-ures of each of the thre
31、e specimens, and the average of thethree,12.1.4 Any observations as to distortion or change inappearance of the specimens,12.1.5 Type of activated carbon used, andTABLE 1 Plasticizer VolatilityRound Robin TestMaterial VolatilityAverageLoss,%SrASRBrCRDSample 1 High 19.46 0.70 2.43 1.98 6.88Sample 2 M
32、edium 3.83 0.35 0.87 0.98 2.48Sample 3 Low 0.81 0.12 0.42 0.35 1.20ASr= within-laboratory standard deviation of the average.BSR= between-laboratories standard deviation of the average.Cr = 2.8 Sr.DR = 2.8 SR.D1203 10212.1.6 Test temperature and duration of test.13. Precision and Bias13.1 Precision:5
33、13.1.1 Table 1 is based on a round robin conducted in 1988per Practice E691, involving three materials tested by fivelaboratories. All tests were run by Test Method A for 24 h at90C. For each material, all the samples were prepared at onesource, but the individual specimens were prepared by thelabor
34、atory which tested them. Each test result was the averageof 23 individual determinations. Three laboratories obtainedtwo test results for each material, whereas two test laboratoriesobtained one test result for each material.13.1.1.1 The properties used in the analysis are volatility ofplasticizer f
35、rom the plastic. The three materials were selectedto represent low, medium, and high volatility plasticizers.(WarningThe following explanations of r and R (13.1.2-13.1.2.3) are only intended to present a means of consideringthe approximate precision of this test method. The data in Table1 should not
36、 be rigorously applied to acceptance or rejection ofmaterial, as those data are specific to this round robin and maynot be representative of other lots, conditions, materials, orlaboratories. Users of these test methods should apply theprinciples outlined in Practice E691 to generate data specific t
37、otheir laboratory and materials, or between specific laboratories.The principles of 13.1.2-13.1.2.3 would then be valid for suchdata.)13.1.2 Concept of r and RIf Srand SRhave beencalculated from a large enough body of data, and for test resultsthat were averages from testing 23 specimens:13.1.2.1 Re
38、peatability, r (comparing two test results for thesame material, obtained by the same operator using the sameequipment on the same day)The two test results should bejudged not equivalent if they differ by more than the r value ofthe material.13.1.2.2 Reproducibility, R (comparing two test results fo
39、rthe same material, obtained by different operators using differ-ent equipment on different days)The two test results shouldbe judged not equivalent if they differ by more than the R valuefor that material.13.1.2.3 Any judgment in accordance with 13.1.2.1 or13.1.2.2 would have approximate 95 % (0.95
40、) probability ofbeing correct.13.2 BiasThere are no recognized standards by which toestimate bias of these test methods.14. Keywords14.1 plasticizer loss; vinyl; volatile loss; volatility; weightlossSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee D20 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard sinc
41、e the last issue(D1203 - 94(2003) that may impact the use of this standard. (November 1, 2010)(1) Removed date from ISO 176.(2) Removed permissive language.(3) Added a note on containers.(4) Updated relative humidity requirement in accordance withD618.(5) Added a measuring device for 120 mL of activ
42、ated carbonin 5.6.(6) Revised keywords.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the
43、riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of
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