1、Designation: D 167 93 (Reapproved 2004)e1Standard Test Method forApparent and True Specific Gravity and Porosity of LumpCoke1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 167; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision,
2、 the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.e1NOTESection 13.1 was editorially corrected in January 2005.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination o
3、f apparentspecific gravity (Sections 2 to 9) and true specific gravity(Sections 10 to 13) of lump coke larger than 25-mm (1-in.) sizeand calculating porosity (Section 14) from the specific gravitydata.1.2 The values given in SI units shall be regarded as thestandard. Inch-pound units shall be accept
4、ed on an equivalentbasis.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations pri
5、or to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 346 Practice for Collection and Preparation of CokeSamples for Laboratory Analysis3. Significance and Use3.1 Apparent and true specific gravity, as determined by thistest method, are influenced by the type of coals carbonized andthe operating an
6、d preparational conditions of that carboniza-tion, that is, charge bulk density, heating rate, and pulverizationlevel. In turn, these properties directly influence the perfor-mance in processes using coke.APPARENT SPECIFIC GRAVITY4. Apparatus4.1 The apparatus for the determination of the apparentspe
7、cific gravity of coke shall consist of the following:4.1.1 An Elliptical or Rectangular Cross-Sectioned Con-tainer, approximately 560 mm (22 in.) in length, 280 mm (11in.) in width, and a minimum of 330 mm (13 in.) in height,provided with a spout consisting of a short 13-mm (12-in.)nipple extending
8、horizontally from the container about 270 mm(1012 in.) above the bottom.4.1.2 Wire Cage or Basket, of about 13-mm (12-in.) square-mesh screen wire cloth provided with a cover and two longhandles, suitable for holding the entire sample of coke and somade as to fit inside the container below the spout
9、.4.1.3 Bucket or Other Vessel, 11-L (3-gal), suitable forreceiving the displaced water.4.1.4 Pan, about 380 mm (15 in.) square and 76 mm (3 in.)in height or the equivalent for containing the coke during thedetermination of its weight.4.1.5 Balance, sensitive to 0.05 kg (0.1 lb).5. Sampling at Source
10、5.1 When the porosity test is desired on run-of-oven coke,the sample shall be collected from the coke wharf.5.1.1 By-Product CokeAbout 23 kg (50 lb) of represen-tative pieces of coke shall be selected from the coke wharf foreach test. This is best accomplished by dividing the coke on thewharf into a
11、pproximately equal areas and selecting an equalnumber of pieces from each area. Each piece of coke selectedshall be approximately equal in length to one half of the widthof the coke ovens, and shall show a “cauliflower” end producedat the walls of the ovens, and an “inner” end produced at thecenter
12、of the ovens.6. Sampling at Delivery6.1 If the porosity test is desired on coke for furnace orcupola use, the sample shall be representative of the material inquestion and collected at the place of delivery.6.1.1 By-ProductThe sample is best collected as the cokeis delivered from the railroad cars i
13、nto the bins. This can beaccomplished by securing a representative sample of 4.5 to 6.8kg (10 to 15 lb) capacity in the coke stream at regular intervalsduring the period of unloading. The sample collected shall be1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D05 on Coaland Coke and i
14、s the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D05.15 on MetallurgicalProperties of Coal and Coke.Current edition approved April 1, 2004. Published April 2004. Originallyapproved in 1923. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D 167 93 (1999)e1.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website,
15、 www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.l
16、arge enough to give about 23 kg (50 lb) of coke pieces, noneof which would in any position pass through a 25-mm (1-in.)square-mesh sieve.NOTE 1Since the cage or basket is of 13-mm (12-in.) square-meshscreen wire cloth, it is necessary to have pieces that will remain in the cagewhen it is removed fro
17、m the water.6.1.2 Since it is very difficult to collect a representativesample from coke exposed in bins and cars, care shall be takento take pieces representing the entire exposed area, if samplingmust be done in this manner. It is best accomplished bydividing the exposed surface to be sampled into
18、 approximatelyequal areas, and selecting an equal number of pieces from eacharea. A 23-kg (50-lb) sample of representative pieces shall becollected, none of which shall in any position pass through a25-mm (1-in.) square-mesh sieve.7. Calibration7.1 Calibrate the Hogarth specific gravity bottle to de
19、ter-mine the mass of the bottle and the distilled water required tofill it (variable P). This can be done by (1) constructing a tablegraph of actual mass measurements of the bottle filled withdistilled water at various temperatures or (2) using the data inthe tables of corrections for determining th
20、e true capacities ofglass vessels from the mass of water in air (Lange3or CRCHandbooks4).8. Procedure8.1 Select about 11.4 kg (25 lb) of coke from the sample sothat it is representative of the material under consideration withregard to size, shape, and general appearance. Dry the coke toconstant mas
21、s at a temperature of 105 to 200C. Weigh thecoke when cool, after shaking and brushing off any adheringdust.8.2 Place a cork in the spout of the container, which hasbeen placed on a level and rigid base or floor. After the emptycage has been placed into the container, pour water at roomtemperature i
22、nto the container until the water level is above thespout. After the water has come to rest, remove the cork fromthe spout and permit the excess water to drain out for 1 minafter the overflow stream starts to discharge drop by drop. Thenreplace the cork and remove the cage from the water, carebeing
23、taken to shake all adhering water back into the container.Then place the weighed dried coke sample into the cage andafter fastening the cover, lower the cage containing the cokeinto the water.NOTE 2If there is not sufficient capacity in the container above thespout to retain the displaced water, som
24、e of the water may be drawn offinto a weighed bucket, or other suitable vessel, by removing the cork fromthe spout while the coke is being lowered.8.3 Permit the cage to remain in the water for 15 min, withoccasional shaking to detach any air bubbles adhering to thesurface of the coke, care being ta
25、ken not to disturb the positionof the container. At the end of the 15-min period, during whichthe coke shall have been completely submerged at all times,remove the cork after the water has come to rest and permit thedisplaced water to drain into a weighed bucket or other suitablevessel for 1 min aft
26、er the overflow stream starts to dischargedrop by drop. Replace the cork, remove the cage containing thecoke from the water, and permit it to drain for 1 min. Removethe wet coke from the cage and weigh it.8.4 Determine the mass of the displaced water, which hasbeen caught in the bucket.9. Calculatio
27、n9.1 Calculate the apparent specific gravity as follows:Apparent specific gravity 5 A/B 1 C 2 A!# (1)where:A = mass of dry coke,B = mass of water displaced by wet coke, andC = mass of wet coke.TRUE SPECIFIC GRAVITY10. Apparatus10.1 The apparatus for the determination of the true specificgravity of c
28、oke passing a 75-m (No. 200) sieve shall consistof a Hogarths specific gravity bottle with side tubulure, havinga capacity of about 100 mL.11. Sample Preparation11.1 Select about 4.5 kg (10 lb) of coke from the sample(see Section 5) so that it is representative of the material underconsideration wit
29、h regard to size, shape, and general appear-ance. Crush the coke to pass through a 6.3-mm (14-in.) screenand split the sample size to about 2.3 kg (5 lb). Crush thisfraction to pass through a 850-m (No. 20) sieve and furthersplit the sample to approximately 200 g. Grind the 200-gfraction to pass thr
30、ough a 250-m (No. 60) sieve and split thesample size to approximately 50 g. Pulverize this entirefraction to minus 75-m (No. 200) and dry for1hat105C.NOTE 3It may be necessary to dry the sample before crushing orpulverizing during the sample preparation.NOTE 4Equipment used for reducing the sample p
31、article size andquantity is described in Practice D 346. In all cases, care must be taken toselect equipment that will not abrade and add unwanted impurities to thesample during the size-reduction steps.12. Procedure12.1 Carefully introduce a 10-g portion of 75-m (200-mesh) coke, which has been prev
32、iously dried for 1 h at 105C,into the specific gravity bottle with a sufficient quantity ofdistilled water to fill the bottle about one half full. Bring to aboil, keeping the contents boiling for 1 h. Shake the specificgravity bottle frequently so as to wash down any coke adheringto the sides. Remov
33、e the bottle from the plate, after boiling for1 h, fill it to the tubulure with recently boiled and cooleddistilled water, and insert the stopper. Permit the bottle to standuntil the contents have cooled to room temperature (Note 5);then fill the bottle to slightly above the mark on the capillary of
34、the stopper with recently boiled distilled water which has beencooled to room temperature (Note 6). Adjust the water level tothe mark on the capillary by touching a piece of filter paper to3Dean, J. A., Langes Handbook of Chemistry, McGraw-Hill.4CRC Handbook, CRC Press.D 167 93 (2004)e12the end of t
35、he tubulure. Then wipe the bottle dry and weigh itimmediately. Immediately after the weighing, remove thestopper and take the temperature of the contents. This tempera-ture is used to determine the exact capacity of the Hogarthbottle (10.1).NOTE 5Cooling may be hastened by placing the bottle in wate
36、r.NOTE 6This is conveniently done by inserting the end of the tubulurein a small beaker of the distilled water and applying a slight suction on thestopper.13. Calculation13.1 Calculate the true specific gravity as follows:True specific gravity 5 W/W 2 W8 2 P!# (2)where:W = mass of dry coke,W8 = mass
37、 of the bottle and the dry coke and water requiredto fill it, andP = mass of the bottle and the water required to fill itPOROSITY14. Calculation14.1 Calculate the porosity (percentage of cell space) oflump coke from the apparent specific gravity of the moisture-free lump coke and the true specific g
38、ravity of the moisture-free coke passing a 75-m (No. 200) size, as follows:Porosity 5 100 2 100 apparent sp. gr./true sp. gr.! (3)15. Report15.1 Apparent specific gravity and true specific gravity shallbe reported to the nearest 0.01. Porosity is reported to thenearest whole percent.16. Precision an
39、d Bias16.1 Both Specific Gravity Methods:16.1.1 RepeatabilityDuplicate results by the same opera-tor should be considered suspect if they differ by more than0.01.16.1.2 ReproducibilityResults submitted by each of twolaboratories should be considered suspect if they differ by morethan 0.01.16.1.3 Bia
40、sSince these test methods are empirical stan-dards, the degree of their absolute bias cannot be determined.17. Keywords17.1 apparent specific gravity; coke; porosity; true specificgravityASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any
41、 item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical
42、committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at
43、 a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor D
44、rive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 167 93 (2004)e13
