1、Designation: D2096 00 (Reapproved 2010)Standard Test Method forColorfastness and Transfer of Color in the Washing ofLeather1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2096; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision,
2、the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers t
3、he determination of the color-fastness of colored leathers, with or without a surface coating.The leathers to be tested are of the type normally expected towithstand frequent laundering. This test method also covers thesimultaneous staining of adjacent textile materials when theleather specimens are
4、 washed. This test method does not applyto wet blue. Two procedures are covered depending on theapparatus used:1.1.1 Procedure A, using the Launder-Ometer,2and1.1.2 Procedure B, using an alternative washing machine.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The valu
5、es stated in parentheses are providedfor information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bil
6、ity of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D 499 Standard Specification for White Floating ToiletSoap42.2 ISO Standard:5ISO R105/I, Part 2 Gray Scale for Evaluating Change inColorISO R105/I, Part 3 Gray Scale for Evaluating Staining2.3 ASTM Adjunct:6Leather
7、 washing apparatus (1 drawing)3. Summary of Test Method3.1 Three leather specimens 50 by 80 mm (approximately 2by 3 in.), and one piece of multifiber test fabric of nearly equalsize are washed together in soapy water at 120F (49C). After12 h of washing, the leather specimens and cloth are removedand
8、 rinsed carefully in running water at about 95F (35C).One leather specimen and the test cloth are removed andair-dried. A new piece of test cloth is added to the remainingtwo leather specimens and these are washed, as above, for12 h.The rinsing is repeated; again one leather specimen and the testclo
9、th are removed for drying. The remaining leather specimen,with a new piece of test cloth, is washed again for12 h. Thisfinal leather specimen and test cloth are then rinsed and driedas above. When dry, the color of the washed leather specimensis rated by comparing it with an unwashed piece of leathe
10、r.Transfer of color to the test fabric is rated by comparison withan unwashed piece of test fabric. These comparisons are madewith the aid of the proper Gray Scale. All ratings are made ondry test specimens.4. Significance and Use4.1 The procedure is intended, primarily to evaluate theability of a l
11、eather specimen to withstand fixed, and ratherstrenuous, laundering conditions. This test is not intended as arecommended washing procedure, neither household nor com-mercial. Although this test concerns itself with colorfastnessand transfer of color during washing, the washed leatherspecimens are a
12、vailable also for comparing other properties1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D31 on Leatherand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D31.04 onApparel This test methodwas developed in cooperation with the American Leather Chemists Assn.Current edition approved Apri
13、l 1, 2010. Published May 2010. Originallyapproved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D2096 00 (2005)E1.DOI: 10.1520/D2096-00R10.2The Launder-Ometer and its development are described in the AmericanDyestuff Reporter, Oct. 29, 1928, p. 679. It is described also in the current Technical
14、Manual of the American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists. TheLaunder-Ometer is manufactured by Atlas Electric Devices Co., 4114 N. Raven-swood Ave., Chicago, IL 60613; telephone: (773) 327-4520; fax: (773) 327-5787.Such an apparatus is illustrated in Figs. 3, 4, and 5.3For referenced AST
15、M standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedo
16、n www.astm.org.5Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.6Detailed drawings for such an apparatus are available fromASTM InternationalHeadquarters. Order Adjunct ADJD2096. Original adjunct produced in 1962.1Copyrigh
17、t ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.(that is, tensile strength, area change, change in outline, etc.)with those of unwashed samples.5. Apparatus5.1 Washing MachineA Launder-Ometer, or an assemblyof apparatus capable of similar tes
18、t conditions (Note 1). Ineither machine, 1-pt (500-mL) specimen containers are heldwith their bases toward a horizontal shaft and 2-in. (50 mm)out from its center of rotation. Speed of rotation shall be 40 to45 rpm. Provision shall be made for maintaining the initialtemperature of the specimen conta
19、iners throughout the test.Additional agitation shall be provided by14-in. (6.4 mm)stainless steel balls in the specimen containers.NOTE 1A motor-driven assembly, designed to hold 1-pt (500-mL)specimen containers so that they are relative to the axis of the motor shaftin the same way as in the Launde
20、r-Ometer, can be used.6The entireassembly, fitted with specimen containers, shall be turned at 40 to 45 rpminside a simple boxlike container which is heated at 120F (49C) withthermostatic control. Thus, heat loss from the preheated contents of thespecimen containers is held at a minimum during the 3
21、0-min washingperiods. Such an apparatus is illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2.5.2 Specimen Containers, glass or stainless steel, 1-pt (500-mL), washer, and cap.5.3 Balls, type 316 stainless steel,14-in. (6.4-mm) diameter,20 per specimen container.5.4 Test Cloth,7multifiber, 50 by 80 mm, three pieces perte
22、st.NOTE 2Multifiber test fabrics are available in 6-fiber cloth, containingfilling strips of wool, Orlon,8Dacron,8nylon-66, bleached cotton, andacetate, assembled in 2-in. (50-mm) repeats. Tests may be run with anytest fabric of special interest and reported accordingly.5.5 Gray Scales,9consisting o
23、f the following:5.5.1 ISO R105/I, Part 2, British, for assessing the effect infastness testing, and5.5.2 ISO R105/I, Part 3, British, for determining the degreeof staining in fastness testing.7The sole source of supply of the test cloth known to the committee at this timeis Testfabrics, Inc., 200 Bl
24、ackford Ave., P.O. Box 420, Middlesex, NJ 08846-0420;telephone: (201) 469-6446; fax: (201) 469-1147. If you are aware of alternativesuppliers, please provide this information to ASTM Headquarters. Your commentswill receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technicalcommittee, whi
25、ch you may attend.8Trademark of E. I. du Pont de Nemours 300 mL are required for a completethree-wash test for each specimen container.7. Test Specimen7.1 The specimen shall be a piece of leather 2 by 3 in.(approximately 50 by 80 mm). Three specimens are requiredfor each complete wash test. A fourth
26、 piece, unwashed, isrequired for purposes of comparison.8. Procedure AUsing Launder-Ometer8.1 Adjust the Launder-Ometer to maintain the temperatureat 120F (49C).8.2 Preheat the soap solution to 120F (49C) and add 150mL to each specimen container.8.3 Add twenty stainless steel balls to each specimenc
27、ontainer.8.4 Place a test cloth and three leather specimens in eachspecimen container. Place the gaskets and covers on thespecimen containers and clamp each one carefully to assure noleaks.8.5 Fasten the specimen containers to the rotor and arrangethem so that an equal number of specimen containers
28、are fixedon opposite sides of the shaft. Use a blank specimen containerin. 218 10 1012 1312 21 22mm 54 254 267 343 533 559FIG. 2 Diagram of Washing Machine (Procedure B)FIG. 3 Launder-Ometer (Procedure A)FIG. 4 Launder-Ometer Stainless Steel Specimen Containers(Procedure A)D2096 00 (2010)3(filled wi
29、th an equivalent weight of water), if necessary, toensure a balanced load on the shaft.8.6 Run the machine for a 30-min interval. Remove andempty the specimen containers in a systematic manner to avoidconfusion in sample identification.8.7 Rinse well the leather specimens and test fabric in clear,ru
30、nning water at about 95F (35C). Squeeze and work the testpieces to ensure the removal of soap and finally to remove allexcess water. Work one leather specimen and the test fabric flatand hang these up to dry at room temperature.8.8 Repeat this procedure, rewashing the remaining twoleather specimens
31、with a new test cloth in 100 mL of soapsolution. After the12-h washing and rinsing as describedabove, remove one leather sample and the test cloth for drying.8.9 Repeat the procedure again,10rewashing for the thirdtime the remaining leather specimen with a new test cloth in 50mL of soap solution.8.1
32、0 When the leather specimens are dry, work them byhand to soften and shape them, to make them approach, as nearas possible, an unwashed specimen in size, shape, and feel.NOTE 3With many samples, this mechanical treatment gives bestresults when the leather sample is slightly damp.8.11 Evaluate the co
33、lor of the washed sample by comparingit with the unwashed specimen. Use ISO R105/I, Part 2 (5.5.1)to express the degree of difference (color retention).8.12 Evaluate the staining of the test fabrics by visualinspection or, when required, by means of ISO R105/I, Part 3(5.5.2).9. Procedure BUsing Heat
34、ed Air Bath Equipment(Optional)9.1 Preheat and adjust the air-bath assembly to maintain thetemperature at 120F (49C).9.2 Add 150 mL of soap solution and twenty stainless steelballs to each specimen container.9.3 Preheat specimen containers (containing the above) to122F (50C) with gaskets and covers
35、on top, but not clamped.9.4 Continue the test as outlined in 8.4-8.12.NOTE 4Paragraphs 9.1-9.3 differ from those listed in Section 7,ProcedureA, because an air bath is not as effective as the water bath of theLaunder-Ometer for bringing the specimen container and its contents tothe required temperat
36、ure.10. Report10.1 The report shall include the following, reporting all testdata on the basis of dry specimens only:10.1.1 Procedure used, whether samples were washed in theLaunder-Ometer (Procedure A) or optional equipment (Proce-dure B).10.1.2 Effect on the color of the test specimens, expresseda
37、nd defined by reference to ISO R105/I, Part 2 (5.5.1)asfollows:10.1.2.1 Class 5Negligible or no change as shown inGray Scale Step 5.10.1.2.2 Class 4Change in color equivalent to Gray ScaleStep 4.10.1.2.3 Class 3Change in color equivalent to Gray ScaleStep 3.10.1.2.4 Class 2Change in color equivalent
38、 to Gray ScaleStep 2.10.1.2.5 Class 1Change in color equivalent to Gray ScaleStep 1.10.1.3 Staining, evaluated by visual inspection, reported asfollows for each fiber tested:Test cloth made of (type of fiber) is stained by sample.Test cloth made of (type of fiber) is not stained by sample.10.1.4 Sta
39、ining, evaluated by means of ISO R105/I, Part 3(5.5.2) as follows:10.1.4.1 Class 5Negligible or no staining as shown inGray Scale Step 5.10.1.4.2 Class 4Staining equivalent to Gray Scale Step 4.10.1.4.3 Class 3Staining equivalent to Gray Scale Step 3.10.1.4.4 Class 2Staining equivalent to Gray Scale
40、 Step 2.10.1.4.5 Class 1Staining equivalent to Gray Scale Step 1.10.1.5 Type of fabric stained (that is cotton, wool, nylon,etc.).11. Precision and Bias11.1 The mathematical and physical data on which the GrayScales are based are described in the reference literature.7Theprecision in estimating the
41、degree of color change or the degree10This procedure is a modification of that listed as Test Method 61, Test IIA,Colorfastness to Washing, Domestic and Laundering, Commercial: Accelerated,described in the 198182 Technical Manual of the American Association of TextileChemists and Colorists.FIG. 5 Sp
42、ecimen Containers Mounted on Launder-Ometer Rotor (Procedure A)D2096 00 (2010)4of staining depends somewhat on the experience of theobserver and the facility with which he can use the GrayScales.11.2 A series of evaluations of color change by a group ofnonexpert observers indicates that differences
43、greater than oneclass (in the range of Classes 4 and 5) are not probable. In thegeometric scale, the actual difference between Class 4 andClass 5 is very small, and could lead to disagreement.However, the change between Class 5 and Class 3 is suffi-ciently obvious that the possibility of improper ra
44、ting of agiven leather sample is remote.12. Keywords12.1 colorfastness; gray scale; staining; washing leatherASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised
45、that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reap
46、proved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you
47、 feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual
48、reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D2096 00 (2010)5
