1、Designation: D243/D243M 14Standard Test Method forResidue of Specified Penetration1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D243/D243M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number
2、in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method is used to thermally reduce cutbackasphalt, a road oil or a semisolid asphalt, having a penetrationgreater than 100, to a res
3、idue of specified penetration. It isprimarily used with slow-curing cutback asphalt as specified inSpecification D2026.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachs
4、ystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.3 WarningMercury has been designated by the UnitedStates Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and many stateagencies as a hazardous material that can cause central n
5、ervoussystem, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may behazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution shouldbe taken when handling mercury and mercury containingproducts. See the applicable product Material Safety DataSheet (MSDS) for details and EPAs websitehttp:/www.epa.gov/m
6、ercury/for additional information. Usersshould be aware that selling mercury, mercury-containingproducts, or both, into your state may be prohibited by statelaw.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the us
7、er of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D5 Test Method for Penetration of Bituminous MaterialsD2026 Specification for Cutback Asphalt (Slow-CuringType)
8、E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass ThermometersE77 Test Method for Inspection and Verification of Ther-mometersE220 Test Method for Calibration of Thermocouples ByComparison TechniquesE644 Test Methods for Testing Industrial Resistance Ther-mometersE1137/E1137M Specification for Industrial Pl
9、atinum Resis-tance Thermometers3. Summary of Test Method3.1 The material to be tested is rapidly heated to 249C480F and maintained at 249 to 260C 480 to 500F duringevaporation of the volatiles. Penetration of the residue isdetermined and if not within the specified limits, the evapora-tion procedure
10、 is repeated. Change in sample mass is used tocalculate the percentage of residue having the specified pen-etration.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method is used to determine the percentage ofresidue having a specified penetration at 100 g/5 s at 25C77F. This test method provides a residue for
11、 quality controlor for use in other tests as desired.5. Apparatus5.1 The apparatus shall consist of a container, heating bath,hot plate, and thermometric device, with necessary accessoryapparatus as follows:5.1.1 ContainerThe container in which the sample is to betested shall be a flat-bottom, cylin
12、drical seamless tin box,approximately 70 mm in diameter and 45 mm in depth.NOTE 1Containers known in the pharmaceutical industry as seamless“ointment boxes” may be obtained in dimensions conforming to the aboverequirements.5.1.2 Heating BathThe heating bath shall be a cast-ironair bath, or equivalen
13、t, permitting the immersion of thecontainer to a depth of 32 6 5 mm through an opening 3 6 2mm larger in diameter than the container. It shall support thecontainer 6 6 2 mm above the hot plate, and with at least 6.41This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Roadand Paving M
14、aterials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.46 onDurability and Distillation Tests.Current edition approved June 1, 2014. Published June 2014. Originallyapproved in 1926. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D243 08. DOI:10.1520/D0243_D0243M-14.2For referenced ASTM standards,
15、visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428
16、-2959. United States1mm free air space between the sides of the container and of theair bath below the opening. A suitable air bath is shown in Fig.1.35.1.3 Hot PlateThe air bath shall be heated upon asuitably mounted hot plate, heated either electrically or bymeans of a gas flame. The plate shall b
17、e capable of maintainingthe sample continuously at the required temperature, andapparatus necessary to fulfill this requirement, such as arheostat or gas pressure regulator, shall be provided.5.1.4 ThermometerA thermometer for measuring the tem-perature of the sample. The thermometer shall be one of
18、 thefollowing:5.1.4.1 An ASTM 11C or 11F liquid-in-glass thermometerwhich conforms to the requirements of Specification E1. Thethermometer shall be standardized in accordance with one ofthe methods in Test Method E77.5.1.4.2 A metal-sheathed thermocouple paired with a tem-perature readout. The overa
19、ll sheath length shall be at least 50mm 2 in. greater than the immersion depth. The thermo-couple system (probe and readout) shall be standardized inaccordance with Test Method E220.5.1.4.3 A platinum resistance thermometer (PRT) with aprobe which conforms to the requirements of SpecificationE1137/E
20、1137M. The PRT shall have a 3- or 4-wire configura-tion and the overall sheath length shall be at least 50 mm 2 in.greater than the immersion depth. The PRT system (probe andreadout) shall be standardized in accordance with Test MethodsE644.5.1.5 A balance, readable to 0.01 g, for determining themas
21、s of the asphalt sample and the mass of the residue.6. Preparation of Sample6.1 Thoroughly stir and agitate the sample as received toensure a uniform mixture before the portion for testing isremoved.7. Procedure7.1 Weigh a 100.00 6 0.1-g sample of the material to betested into a tared container; the
22、n place the container in the airbath in position to be heated. Support the probe of thethermometric device in the sample equidistant from the sides ofthe container and with the bottom of the probe neither morethan6mm14 in. above nor touching the bottom of thecontainer. The tip of the probe shall be
23、completely immersed inthe sample throughout the heating. An assembly of the appa-ratus is shown in Fig. 2.7.2 Heat the sample as rapidly as possible without foamingto a temperature of 249C 480F and during the evaporation,maintain the temperature between 249 and 260C 480 and500F. Stir the sample with
24、 the probe of the thermometricdevice from time to time to prevent local overheating and, tomaintain a homogeneous sample. Stir into the sample all cakesof hardened asphalt that form at the sides of the container.NOTE 2Precaution: Certain types of road oil will readily form ringsof hard asphalt at th
25、e side of the container. Take great care that thismaterial is completely stirred into the sample before the penetration of theresidue is determined.7.3 An experienced operator can judge approximately whatpercentage of residue should be obtained to secure the desiredpenetration. When it is supposed t
26、hat the residue will show therequired penetration, return to the container the asphalt on theprobe of the thermometric device that may be readily scraped3A source of supply of the apparatus that meets the requirements of this testmethod is available from Humboldt Mfg. Co., 7300 Agatite Ave., Norridg
27、e, IL,607064704, as part number H-2480. If you are aware of alternative suppliers,please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your com-ments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technicalcommittee,1which you may attend.FIG. 1 Cast-Iron Air BathFI
28、G. 2 Assembly of ApparatusD243/D243M 142off; then remove the container from the air bath and cool anddetermine the mass of the residue. Determine the penetration ofthe residue in accordance with Test Method D5, except use thecontainer in which evaporation was conducted, as specified inthis test meth
29、od, instead of using the smaller container speci-fied in Test Method D5.7.4 It frequently is necessary to make several trials before aresidue of the required penetration is obtained. If it is deter-mined to be greater than that required, remove all water fromthe container and the surface of the samp
30、le, and repeat theheating and determination of penetration as before. Ordinarily,a residue shall be considered as satisfactorily obtained when itspenetration is within 15 units of that desired, and its masspercentage of the original sample shall be calculated. When itis necessary to determine more p
31、recisely the percentage ofresidue having the specified penetration, such a percentageshall be calculated by interpolation between percentages of tworesidues, one having a penetration greater and one having apenetration lower than that specified.8. Report8.1 Report the results as follows:8.1.1 Percen
32、tage of residue ofpenetration(determined) stating, first, the specified penetration, andsecond, the penetration actually determined for the sampletested or calculated by interpolation.9. Precision and Bias9.1 With care and proper attention to details, duplicatedeterminations by this test method shou
33、ld not differ from eachother by more than 1.0 % with the same operator nor more than2.5 % between different laboratories.9.2 The precision of tests on the residue after heating, otherthan penetration, has not been determined. The nature of thistest method makes it impractical to develop a precisions
34、tatement.9.3 BiasThe procedure in this test method has no biasbecause the property being measured is defined only in termsof this test method.10. Keywords10.1 asphalt; cutback; penetration; residue; road oilASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in
35、 connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the re
36、sponsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive care
37、ful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM Internationa
38、l, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D243/D243M 143
