1、Designation: D822/D822M 13 (Reapproved 2018)Standard Practice forFiltered Open-Flame Carbon-Arc Exposures of Paint andRelated Coatings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D822/D822M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the ca
2、se of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This
3、 practice covers the selection of test conditions foraccelerated exposure testing of coatings and related products infiltered open-flame carbon-arc devices conducted according toPractices G151 and G152. This practice also covers thepreparation of test specimens, the test conditions suited forcoating
4、s, and the evaluation of test results. Table 1 describescommonly used test conditions.1.2 This practice does not cover enclosed carbon-arc expo-sures of paints and related coatings, which is described inPractice D5031/D5031M. Another procedure for exposingthese products is covered by Practice D3361/
5、D3361M,inwhich the specimens are subjected to radiation from anunfiltered open-flame carbon arc that produces shorter wave-lengths and higher levels of short wavelength radiation thanfiltered open-flame or enclosed carbon arcs.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be reg
6、arded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafe
7、ty concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-danc
8、e with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Stan
9、dards:2D358 Specification for Wood to Be Used as Panels inWeathering Tests of Coatings (Withdrawn 2014)3D523 Test Method for Specular GlossD609 Practice for Preparation of Cold-Rolled Steel Panelsfor Testing Paint, Varnish, Conversion Coatings, andRelated Coating ProductsD610 Practice for Evaluating
10、 Degree of Rusting on PaintedSteel SurfacesD659 Method for Evaluating Degree of Chalking of ExteriorPaints (Withdrawn 1990)3D660 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Checking ofExterior PaintsD662 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Erosion ofExterior PaintsD714 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of
11、 Blistering ofPaintsD772 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Flaking (Scal-ing) of Exterior PaintsD823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thicknessof Paint, Coatings and Related Products on Test PanelsD1005 Test Method for Measurement of Dry-Film Thick-ness of Organic Coatings Using Micromete
12、rsD1186 Test Methods for Nondestructive Measurement ofDry Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied toa Ferrous Base (Withdrawn 2006)3D1400 Test Method for Nondestructive Measurement of DryFilm Thickness of Nonconductive Coatings Applied to aNonferrous Metal Base (Withdrawn 2006)3D1729 Practice
13、 for Visual Appraisal of Colors and ColorDifferences of Diffusely-Illuminated Opaque MaterialsD1730 Practices for Preparation of Aluminum andAluminum-Alloy Surfaces for Painting1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint andRelated Coatings, Materials, and Applications an
14、d is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.27 on Accelerated Testing.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2018. Published September 2018. Originallyapproved in 1945. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D822/D822M 13.DOI: 10.1520/D0822_D0822M-13R18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the
15、ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM Inte
16、rnational, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,
17、 Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1D2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances andColor Differences from Instrumentally Measured ColorCoordinatesD2616 Test Method for Evaluation of Visual Color Differ-ence With a Gra
18、y ScaleD3361/D3361M Practice for Unfiltered Open-FlameCarbon-Arc Exposures of Paint and Related CoatingsD4214 Test Methods for Evaluating the Degree of Chalkingof Exterior Paint FilmsD5031/D5031M Practice for Enclosed Carbon-Arc Expo-sure Tests of Paint and Related CoatingsD5870 Practice for Calcula
19、ting Property Retention Index ofPlasticsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodE1347 Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Mea-surement by Tristimulus ColorimetryG113 Terminology Relating to Natural and Artificial Weath-ering Tests of Non
20、metallic MaterialsG141 Guide for Addressing Variability in Exposure Testingof Nonmetallic MaterialsG147 Practice for Conditioning and Handling of Nonmetal-lic Materials for Natural and Artificial Weathering TestsG151 Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials in Accel-erated Test Devices that Use L
21、aboratory Light SourcesG152 Practice for Operating Open Flame Carbon Arc LightApparatus for Exposure of Nonmetallic MaterialsG169 Guide for Application of Basic Statistical Methods toWeathering Tests3. Terminology3.1 The definitions given in Terminology G113 are appli-cable to this practice.4. Signi
22、ficance and Use4.1 The ability of a paint or coating to resist deterioration ofits physical and optical properties caused by exposure to light,heat, and water can be very significant for many applications.This practice is intended to induce property changes associatedwith end-use conditions, includi
23、ng the effects of sunlight,moisture, and heat. The exposure used in this practice is notintended to simulate the deterioration caused by localizedweather phenomena such as atmospheric pollution, biologicalattack, and saltwater exposure.4.2 CautionsVariation in results may be expected whendifferent o
24、perating conditions are used. Therefore, no referenceTABLE 1 Test Cycles Commonly Used for Filtered Open-Flame Carbon-Arc Exposure Testing of Paints and Related CoatingsAUninsulated BlackPanel TemperatureB,C,DCycle Number Cycle DescriptionB,CC F Typical UsesE1 Continuous light102 min light only at 5
25、0 10 % RH18 min light and water sprayGRepeat continuously63 2.5 145 5 General coatings and historical conventionF2 18 h continuous light using:102 min light only at 50 10 % RH18 min light and water spray6 h dark using:95 % relative humidity (no water spray)Repeat continuously632.5241.51455753General
26、 coatings3 48minlightat5010%RH12 min light and water sprayRepeat continuously63 2.5 145 5 Coatings used in original equipment manufacturing4 4 h light at 50 10% RH4 h dark with water sprayRepeat continuously63 2.5 145 5 Exterior pigmented stains5 12hlightat5010%RH12 h dark water sprayRepeat continuo
27、usly63 2.5 145 5 Exterior wood stains and clears6 8hlightat5010%RH10 h light and water spray6 h dark with water sprayRepeat continuously63 2.5 145 5 Marine enamelsAThe cycles described are not listed in any order indicating importance, and are not necessarily recommended for the applications listed.
28、BUnless otherwise specified, operate the device so that the allowable deviations about the set points given in Table 1 are within the specified limits specified in thecorresponding entry. If the actual operating conditions do not agree with the machine settings after the equipment has stabilized, di
29、scontinue the test and correct the causeof the disagreement before continuing.CSet points and operational fluctuations are listed as set point operational fluctuation in Table 1. They are sometimes listed in separate columns. The set point is thetarget condition for the sensor used at the operationa
30、l control point as programmed by the user. Operational fluctuations are deviations from the indicated set point at thecontrol point indicated by the readout of the calibrated control sensor during equilibrium operation and do not include measurement uncertainty. At the operational controlpoint, the
31、operational fluctuation can exceed no more than the listed value at equilibrium. Therefore, when a standard calls for a particular set point, the user programsthat exact number. The operational fluctuations specified with the set point do not imply that the user is allowed to program a set point hig
32、her or lower than the exact setpoint specified.DUnless otherwise indicated, black panel temperatures apply during the light-only portion of the cycle. The equilibrium black panel temperature is obtained without a sprayperiod. For light intervals less than 30 min, the black panel temperature might no
33、t reach equilibrium.ETypical uses do not imply that results from exposures of these materials according to the cycle described will correlate to those from actual use conditions.FHistorical convention has established this as a very commonly used test cycle. This cycle may not adequately simulate the
34、 effects of outdoor exposure.GUnless otherwise specified, water spray refers to water sprayed on the exposed surfaces of the test specimens.D822/D822M 13 (2018)2to the use of this practice shall be made unless accompanied bya report prepared according to Section 10 that describes thespecific operati
35、ng conditions used. Refer to Practice G151 fordetailed information on the caveats applicable to use of resultsobtained according to this practice.NOTE 1Additional information on sources of variability and onstrategies for addressing variability in the design, execution, and dataanalysis of laborator
36、y accelerated exposure tests is found in Guide G141.4.2.1 The spectral power distribution of light from anopen-flame carbon-arc is significantly different from thatproduced in light and water exposure devices using othercarbon-arc configurations or other light sources. The type andrate of degradatio
37、n and the performance rankings produced byexposures to filtered open-flame carbon-arcs can be muchdifferent from those produced by exposures to other types oflaboratory light sources.4.2.2 Interlaboratory comparisons are valid only when alllaboratories use the same type of carbon-arc, filters, andex
38、posure conditions.4.3 Reproducibility of test results between laboratories hasbeen shown to be good when the stability of materials isevaluated in terms of performance ranking compared to othermaterials or to a control.4,5Therefore, exposure of a similarmaterial of known performance (a control) at t
39、he same time asthe test materials is strongly recommended. It is recommendedthat at least three replicates of each material be exposed toallow for statistical evaluation of results.4.4 Test results will depend upon the care that is taken tooperate the equipment according to Practice G152. Significan
40、tfactors include regulation of line voltage, freedom from salt orother deposits from water, temperature and humidity control,and conditions of the electrodes.4.5 All references to exposures in accordance with thispractice must include a complete description of the test cycleused.5. Apparatus5.1 Use
41、filtered open-flame carbon-arc apparatus that con-forms to the requirements defined in Practices G151 and G152.5.2 Unless otherwise specified, the spectral power distribu-tion of the filtered open-flame carbon-arc shall conform to therequirements in Practice G152 for carbon arc with daylightfilters.
42、6. Hazards6.1 WarningIn addition to other precautions, never lookdirectly at the carbon arc because UV radiation can damage theeye. Most carbon-arc machines are equipped with door safetyswitches, but users of old equipment must be certain to turn offthe power to the carbon arc before opening the tes
43、t-chamberdoor.6.2 The burning carbon rods used in these devices becomevery hot during use. Make sure to allow at least 15 min for thearcs to cool after the device is turned off before attempting tochange the carbon rods.6.3 Carbon residue and ash are known respiratory irritants.Wear an appropriate h
44、igh-efficiency dust respirator, gloves, andsafety glasses when handling or changing carbon rods. Makesure to wash any carbon residue from hands or arms prior toeating or drinking.7. Test Specimens7.1 Apply the coating to flat (plane) panels with thesubstrate, method of preparation, method of applica
45、tion, coat-ing system, film thickness, and method of drying consistentwith the anticipated end use, or as mutually agreed uponbetween the producer and user.7.2 Panel specifications and methods of preparation includebut are not limited to Practices D609 or D1730, or Specifica-tion D358. Select panel
46、sizes suitable for use with the exposureapparatus.7.3 Coat test panels in accordance with Test Methods D823,then measure the film thickness in accordance with an appro-priate procedure selected from Test Methods D1005, D1186,orD1400. Nondestructive methods are preferred because panelsso measured nee
47、d not be repaired.7.4 Prior to exposing coated panels in the apparatus, condi-tion them at 23 6 2C 73 6 3F and 50 6 10 % relativehumidity for one of the following periods in accordance withthe type of coating:Baked coatings 24 hRadiation-cured coatings 24 hAll other coatings 7 days7.4.1 Other proced
48、ures for preparation of test specimensmay be used if agreed upon between all interested parties.7.5 Mount specimens in holders so that only the minimumspecimen area required for support by the holder is covered.Do not use this covered area of the specimen as part of the testarea.7.6 Unless otherwise
49、 specified, expose at least three repli-cate specimens of each test and control material.7.7 Follow the procedures described in Practice G147 foridentification and conditioning and handling of specimens oftest, control, and reference materials prior to, during, and afterexposure.7.8 Do not mask the face of a specimen for the purpose ofshowing on one panel the effects of various exposure times.Misleading results may be obtained by this method, since themasked portion of the specimen is still exposed to temperatureand humidity cycles that in
