1、Designation: D 2995 99 (Reapproved 2009)Standard Practice forEstimating Application Rate of Bituminous Distributors1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2995; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the yea
2、r of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the determi
3、nation of transverse andlongitudinal application rate of asphalt distributors in gallonsper square yard (or litres per square metre).1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to estab
4、lish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 The values given in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The SI values given in parentheses are forinformation purposes only.2. Summary of Practice2.1 Test Method
5、A:2.1.1 Pre-weighed calibration pads are placed on the surfaceof the roadway in front of the distributor to be calibrated. Theasphalt distributor to be calibrated is driven over the calibrationpads while spraying asphalt. The calibration pads are removedfrom the roadway and reweighed. The weight of
6、asphaltapplied to the pads is determined by subtraction and the rate ofapplication is calculated.2.2 Test Method B:2.2.1 Containers are placed under each nozzle of a bitumi-nous distributor and bituminous material is sprayed into thecontainers for a known period of time. The volume ofbituminous mate
7、rial sprayed after this period is calculated. Thetransverse uniformity of bituminous material sprayed on thepavement is obtained from this calculation and the distributionof bituminous material applied longitudinally on the pavementis calculated as a function of the distributor velocity.3. Significa
8、nce and Use3.1 The amount of bituminous material applied to a pave-ment surface using a bituminous distributor can be estimatedusing the described procedure.4. Apparatus4.1 Test Methods A and B:4.1.1 Balance, sensitive to 0.1 g.4.1.2 Weighing Box or Balance Shield, to protect balancefrom wind when t
9、he balance is in use at the project site (seeFig. 1).4.1.3 Balance Table and Work Table, for weighing.4.2 Test Method B:4.2.1 Elliptical Containers, measuring approximately 3.5 in.(88.9 mm) along the short axis and 9 in. (228.6 mm) along thelong axis of the ellipse and 8 in. (203.2 mm) in height, ca
10、pableof an internal volume of approximately 1 gal.4.2.2 Rubber Bands, capable of a snug fit when stretchedaround the elliptical containers.4.2.3 Stopwatch, capable of recording to the nearest 0.1 s.5. Materials5.1 Test Method A:1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road a
11、ndPaving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.24 onBituminous Surface Treatments.Current edition approved June 1, 2009. Published July 2009. Originally approvedin 1971. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D 2995 04.FIG. 1 Weighing Box and Balance1Copyright ASTM Intern
12、ational, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.1.1 Geotextile Pads,2weighing a minimum of 8 oz/yd2and measuring 12 in. (304.8 mm) by 12 in. (304.8 mm).5.1.2 Aluminized Duct Tape, measuring 2 in. (50.8 mm)wide and 6 in. (152.4 mm) long.5.1.3 Butcher Pap
13、er #50,3measuring 30 in. (762 mm) by950 ft, for temporary protection of geotextile pads duringcalibration.5.2 Test Method B:5.2.1 Plastic Bags, capable of fitting inside the ellipticalcans but of sufficiently larger dimension to allow folding overthe edge of the elliptical containers once placed ins
14、ide.6. Procedure (Transverse Application Rate)6.1 Test Method A:6.1.1 Select enough of the geotextile fabric pads so thatwhen placed end-to-end on the roadway a continuous strip iscreated across the width of the roadway to be sprayed withasphalt.6.1.2 Create a loop with the duct tape with the adhesi
15、ve sidefacing out. Place two loops of duct tape on one edge of each ofthe geotextile fabric pads.6.1.3 Obtain the weight of the pad and tape assembly to thenearest 0.1 g.6.1.4 Place the pad assembly with the tape facing down onthe roadway so the taped edge is facing the distributor. Applypressure to
16、 the taped pad to secure it to the roadway. Continuethis operation for the remaining pads for the entire widthdesired for calibration.6.1.5 Place two sheets of the butcher paper over the padassemblies in the area where the distributor tires will fall on thepad assemblies as shown in Fig. 2. These sh
17、eets should bepositioned so they protect the pad assemblies from damage bythe distributor tires as the truck passes over the pad assemblies.The sheets of butcher paper should adhere to the front and reartires as the distributor passes over the pad assemblies leavingthe pad assemblies available to re
18、ceive the asphalt as it issprayed onto the roadway surface.6.1.6 As soon as the distributor has passed over the calibra-tion pad assemblies, remove each pad assembly from theroadway.6.1.7 Weigh each pad to the nearest 0.1 g. Record the weightof each pad and the pad position on the roadway on the rep
19、ortform.6.2 Test Method B:6.2.1 Insert one plastic bag into each elliptical can. Wrap theexcess plastic over the top of the can and secure with a rubberband.6.2.2 Record the weight of the elliptical can, plastic andrubber band assembly to the nearest 0.1 g.6.2.3 Place one can assembly under each noz
20、zle to becalibrated in the spraybar of the asphalt distributor. Ensure thatthe top of the can assembly is equal to or above the bottom ofeach nozzle.6.2.4 Activate the spraybar so that when the asphalt issprayed from each nozzle it is completely collected in eachpre-weighed can assembly. Start the s
21、topwatch the instant theasphalt begins to fill the can assembly.6.2.5 Stop the flow of asphalt to the spraybar when the canassembly is approximately34 full. Stop the stopwatch theinstant the asphalt stops flowing into the can assembly.6.2.6 Record the weight of each can assembly in the properspace o
22、n the report form.6.2.7 Record the time elapsed between the beginning andend of the flow of asphalt to the can assembly.7. Procedure (Longitudinal Application Rate)7.1 Test Method A:7.1.1 Prepare the calibration pads and tape assemblies asdescribed in 6.1.2 through 6.1.4. Position enough pads edge t
23、oedge down the pavement so the application rate in the longdirection to be sprayed is covered as shown in Fig. 3. Positionthe pads so the distributor tires do not come in contact with thepads.7.1.2 As soon as the distributor has sprayed asphalt on thecalibration pads, remove to the weigh table.7.1.3
24、 Weigh each pad assembly to the nearest 0.1 g. Recordthe weight of each pad and the position on the report form.7.2 Test Method B:7.2.1 Test Method B (6.2) must be completed before con-ducting this section.7.2.2 Determine forward velocity of asphalt distributor infeet per minute from the previously
25、calibrated speedometer onthe equipment or by measuring the time required for theequipment to pass over a measured length on the pavement.Record this rate as (G).7.2.3 Measure the spray width. Record this distance in feetas (H).8. Calculation (Transverse Application Rate)8.1 Test Method A:8.1.1 Subtr
26、act the tare weight of each pad assembly from thegross weight of each bituminous coated pad assembly. (Omitany pads not completely covered with bituminous material.)2Non-woven, needle punched, heat fused on one side geotextiles by PhillipsFibers, Monsanto, and Amoco have been found to be suitable ma
27、terials for thispurpose.3Butcher paper from Baumann Paper Co., Baumann Rd., Lexington, KY hasbeen found to be suitable for this purpose.FIG. 2 Position of Calibration Pad Assemblies for TransverseRate DeterminationD 2995 99 (2009)28.1.2 Determine the spray rate in gallons per square yard orlitres pe
28、r square metre for each pad assembly as follows:Rate, gal/yd25 A/G! 3 0.000264 gal/cc 3 9ft2/yd2(1)Rate, 1/ m25 A/G! 3 0.001 1/cc 3 10.764 ft2/m2(2)where:A = net weight of bituminous material per pad assembly, g,andG = specific gravity of bituminous material at spray tem-perature.8.2 Test Method B:8
29、.2.1 Calculate the flow rate of asphalt from each nozzle asshown in Fig. 4.8.2.2 A deviation from the average rate of flow of 10 % orless has been found to be an acceptable variation.4Nozzleswith a variation greater than 10 % should be replaced andrecalibrated. Persistent variation for a given nozzl
30、e position inthe spraybar indicates difficulty with the spraybar, pump, orother distribution equipment and should be evaluated beforecalibration is continued.9. Calculation (Longitudinal Application Rate)9.1 Test Method A:9.1.1 Follow same procedure as 8.1.1 and 8.1.2.9.2 Test Method B:9.2.1 The lon
31、gitudinal application rate for bituminous dis-tributors with spray systems independent of the vehicle drivemechanism is:Rate, gal/yd25 9F!/G! 3 H! (3)Rate, 1/m25 40.746F!/G! 3 H!# (4)where:F = asphalt rate, gal/min,G = distributor rate, ft/min, andH = sprayed width, ft.10. Precision10.1 It is not pr
32、acticable to specify the precision of theprocedure in Practice D 2995 for estimating the applicationrate of bituminous distributors because of the wide variety ofapparatus and binders possible.4Martin, Robbie, “Chip Seal Coat Practice in Texas,” Proceedings of the 26thPaving and Transportation Confe
33、rence and Symposium on Chip Seal Practice,Albuquerque, NM, 1989.FIG. 3 Position of Calibration Pad Assemblies for LongitudinalRate DeterminationD 2995 99 (2009)3ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this sta
34、ndard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be revi
35、ewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsib
36、le technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Co
37、nshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).FIG. 4 Estimation of Flow Rate from Distributor NozzlesD 2995 99 (2009)4
