1、Designation: D3704 96 (Reapproved 2012)Standard Test Method forWear Preventive Properties of Lubricating Greases Usingthe (Falex) Block on Ring Test Machine in OscillatingMotion1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3704; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
2、year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of wearpro
3、perties of lubricating greases by means of the Falexblock-on-ring friction and wear test machine.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard except where equipment is supplied using inch-poundunits and would then be regarded as standard. The metricequivalents of inch-pound units
4、given in such cases in the bodyof the standard may be approximate.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the app
5、lica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1403 Test Methods for Cone Penetration of LubricatingGrease Using One-Quarter and One-Half Scale ConeEquipmentD2714 Test Method for Calibration and Operation of theFalex Block-on-Ring Friction and Wear Test
6、ing MachineG40 Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 coeffcient of friction, or f, nin tribology, thedimensionless ratio of the friction force (F) between twobodies to the normal force (N) pressing these two bodiestogether. or 5 F/N! (1)3.1.1.1 DiscussionA disti
7、nction is often made betweenstatic coeffcient of friction and kinetic coeffcient of friction.G403.1.2 friction force, nthe resisting force tangential to theinterface between two bodies when, under the action of anexternal force, one body moves or tends to move relative to theother. G403.1.3 kinetic
8、coeffcient of friction, nthe coefficient offriction under conditions of macroscopic relative motion be-tween two bodies. G403.1.4 wear, ndamage to a solid surface, generally involv-ing progressive loss of material, due to relative motion betweenthat surface and a contacting substance or substances.
9、G404. Summary of Test Method4.1 The tester is operated with a steel test ring oscillatingagainst a steel test block. Test speed, load, angle of oscillation,time and specimen surface finish and hardness can be varied tosimulate field conditions.4.2 The width of the wear scar, developed on the test bl
10、ockfrom contact with the oscillating test ring, is measured.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is used to differentiate between greaseshaving high, medium, and low wear preventive propertiesusing oscillating motion. The user of this method shoulddetermine to his own satisfaction whether res
11、ults of this testprocedure correlate with field performance or other bench testmachines.6. Apparatus6.1 Falex Block-on-Ring Test Machine with Friction Re-corder,3described in detail in Annex A1 and illustrated in Fig.1.6.2 Falex Oscillating Drive Accessory,3described in detailin A1.6 and illustrated
12、 in Fig. 2.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.L0.05 on Solid Lubricants.Current edition approved April 15, 2012. Published April 2012. Originallyapproved in 1978. Last previous edit
13、ion approved in 2006 as D370496(2012).DOI: 10.1520/D3704-96R12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM websit
14、e.3The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Falex Corp., 1020 Airpark Dr., Sugar Grove, IL 60554. If you are aware ofalternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM InternationalHeadquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a
15、 meeting of theresponsible technical committee,1which you may attend.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6.3 Microscope, low-power (503 to 603) having sufficientclearance under objective to accommodate the test block. Its
16、hould be fitted with a filar micrometer so that scar width maybe measured with accuracy of 60.01 mm.6.4 Timer, graduated in minutes and seconds.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Test Rings, Falex Type S-10 or S-253SAE 4620carburize steel, having a hardness of 58 to 63 HRC. The testring has a width of 8.1
17、5 mm (0.321 in.), a diameter of 35 mm(1.3775 in.), and a maximum radial run out of 0.013 mm(0.0005 in.). The surface roughness of the S-10 ring shall be0.15 to 0.30 m (6 to 12 in.) rms. The surface roughness of theS-25 ring shall be 0.51 to 0.71 m (22 to 28 in.) rms.7.2 Test Blocks, Falex Type H-30
18、or H-603SAE 01 toolsteel having two ground test surfaces of 0.10 to 0.20 m (4 to8 in.) rms. The test block has a width 6.35 mm (0.250 in.) anda 15.76 mm (0.620 in.) length. The H-30 test block has ahardness of HRC 27 to 33. The H-60 test block has a hardnessof HRC 58 to 63.7.3 Solvent, non-film form
19、ing, nonchlorinated.NOTE 1Solvents formerly used in this test method were eliminateddue to possible toxic effects. Each user should select a solvent that canmeet his applicable safety standards and still thoroughly clean the machineparts.8. Calibration and Standardization8.1 Run Test Method D2714 ca
20、libration procedure to ensuregood mechanical operation of test equipment.44Consult instruction manual for proper operation.FIG. 1 Falex Block on Ring Test MachineFIG. 1 Falex Ring and Block Test Machine (continued)D3704 96 (2012)29. Procedure9.1 Before each test, clean the apparatus with appropriate
21、solvent chosen in 7.3 and blow dry.9.2 Select a new test ring and block, wash with solvent, anddry with clean soft cloth or paper.9.3 The grease sample should be worked 60 strokes, one-half scale or one-quarter scale (Test Methods D1403), prior tostarting runs. One working per running day is suffici
22、ent. Forthose who may not have small workers, working briefly with aspatula is sufficient.9.4 Adjust the amplitude of oscillation for the desired arc.9.5 Lubricate the quarter segment (or the ball seat) of thespecimen holder with the grease to be tested.9.6 With no weights on the bale rod, apply a t
23、hin film of thetest grease to the surface of a clean test block and mount thetest block in the quarter segment (or ball seat) and position bothsecurely in the specimen holder. On models with the ball seat,tighten the set screws so that the block is held lightly. Apply athin film of the test grease a
24、long the test surface of the ring, andslip it on over the test shaft, taking care that grease does not geton the seat and the test surfaces are not scratched. Alterna-tively, the ungreased ring may be slipped on and tighteneddown and grease carefully applied to the ring surface with asmall, thin spa
25、tula. Screw on the lock washer and locknut, andtighten with a torque wrench to 250 in.lb (28.25 Nm). Applyadditional test grease to the area of the test block, especially thearea that overlaps the ring on both sides of the block. (Totalgrease is 1 to 2 g.)9.7 The block should be seated squarely on t
26、he ring;otherwise, a wedge-shaped scar will result. One way toaccomplish this is to loosen the block in the holder, apply a 3-lb(1.3-kg) load on the bale rod and rotate the ring by hand backand forth a few times. This also serves to distribute the greasebetween block and ring. The block is then tigh
27、tened securelyfor running. If grease has pulled away from the block duringthe above operation, it should be reapplied as described in 9.6.9.8 Place the desired weights on the bale rod keeping inmind the standard machine is built with a 10:1 ratio lever.Make sure the two load lever reference markers
28、are aligned. Ifso equipped, position the friction force cutoff level at 40 lb(18.14 kg).9.9 Starting at zero, bring the speed up rapidly to thepredetermined setting necessary to give the desired speed.Measure time as soon as oscillation begins.9.10 Run for desired time. Disassemble and wipe off theb
29、lock and ring. Using the required microscope, measure thescar width on the test block in the center and 1 mm away fromeach edge to the nearest 0.01 mm. Report the average of thesethree measurements.9.11 Report any unusual observation or an automatic fric-tion cutoff. If a machine malfunctions or a t
30、est block has awedge shaped scar, the test should be rerun.10. Precision and Bias10.1 PrecisionThe precision of this test method is notknown to have been obtained in accordance with currentlyaccepted guidelines (that is, in accordance with CommitteeD02 Research Report RR:D02-1007, “Manual on Determi
31、ningPrecision Data for ASTM Methods on Petroleum Products andLubricants”).10.1.1 RepeatabilityThe difference between successiveresults obtained by the same operator with the same apparatusunder constant operating conditions on identical test materialwould, in the long run, in the normal and correct
32、operation ofthe test method exceed the following values only in one case intwenty.23 % of the meanFIG. 2 Falex Oscillating Drive AssemblyD3704 96 (2012)310.1.2 ReproducibilityThe difference between two singleand independent results obtained by different operators work-ing in different laboratories o
33、n identical test material would, inthe long run, exceed the following values only in one case intwenty.39 % of the meanNOTE 2The precision data were obtained from tests by nine labora-tories using five different greases. Four greases used lithium hydroxystear-ate as a thickener; one used a calcium c
34、omplex soap system. One greasecontained no extreme pressure additive. The other four greases containedleaded, sulfur-phosphorus, MoS2, or calcium complex, respectively, asextreme pressure systems.10.2 The test conditions used to develop the precision datawere:10.2.1 Time: 5000 cycles (57.14 min),10.
35、2.2 Angle of Oscillation: 90,10.2.3 Test Ring: Type S-10,10.2.4 Test Block: Type H-30,10.2.5 Test Speed: 8712 cycles per minute, and10.2.6 Test Loads on Specimen: 360 lb (163 kg), 480 lb (218kg), 630 lb (286 kg).NOTE 3Supporting information and data for this method was pre-sented in a research repor
36、t by G. M. Stanton to the National LubricatingGrease Institute, October 1977 and published in the August 1978 NLGISpokesman. Copies of this report “Wear Testing of Greases with the FalexI Ring and Block Friction and Wear Test Machine” are available uponrequest from NLGI.10.3 BiasThe procedure in thi
37、s test method has no biasbecause the value of wear can be defined only in terms of a testmethod.11. Keywords11.1 lubricating greases; oscillating motion; wear proper-ties; wear test machineANNEX(Mandatory Information)A1. DESCRIPTION OF THE FALEX RING AND BLOCK FRICTION AND WEAR TESTING MACHINEA1.1 A
38、 stationary rectangular test block bears under apredetermined load, maximum 286 kg (630 lb), against arotating (or oscillating) ring (Fig. A1.1). Test specimen pres-sures (average Hertz pressures) in the line contact area betweenthe rectangular specimen and the rotating ring may range up toa maximum
39、 of 760 MPa (110 000 MPa).A1.2 In rotational motion, friction can be indicatedthroughout the test by hydraulic force gauge. A load celltransducer and a recorder or digital meter, or both are used toobtain friction readings under oscillating motion. A counterrecords the number of revolutions or cycle
40、s of the test ring.One criterion of failure is when the friction reaches a prese-lected maximum. For this purpose a control on the frictionindicator or recorder can be set for any preselected value offriction and the machine will automatically shut off uponreaching it.A1.3 In an alternative method,
41、a thermocouple is imbeddedin the test block and a temperature recorder controller (notstandard equipment) terminates the test when the temperatureof the test block reaches a previously set value.A1.4 The test block, which is held stationary against therotating or oscillating ring, is restrained from
42、 horizontalmovement by a holder. The design of this specimen holderallows the test block to align itself in a manner prescribed byASTM specifications for compression loaded specimens. Thismaintains uniform loading throughout the area of contactbetween the specimens regardless of the force existing b
43、etweenthem.A1.5 The normal force between the test specimens isproduced by suspending dead weights from the lower end of acompound lever system which is designed in such a way as toallow the full value of the friction force to be transmitted to thefrictional load pick-up device.A1.6 Oscillating drive
44、 accessory converts rotary motion tooscillatory motion. Adjustable stroke 0 to 90. Maximumfrequency is 600 cycles per minute.A1.7 Wear measuring accessory allows rate of wear andtotal wear measurements when used in conjunction with arecorder or digital indicator.FIG. A1.1 Schematic Drawing of Ring or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D3704 96 (2012)5
