1、Designation: D 4293 83 (Reapproved 2008)An American National StandardStandard Specification forPhosphate Ester Based Fluids for Turbine Lubrication1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4293; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,
2、in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers the requirements for phosphateester based fire resistan
3、t fluids for use in turbine lubrication.1.2 The specification defines only unused fluid before it isinstalled in the turbine. It is not intended for fluids used inelectrohydraulic control (EHC) systems.1.3 The use of this type of fluid is restricted to turbinesystems that have been designed or modif
4、ied to accommodatephosphate ester lubricants.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only toSections 5 and 5.3. This standard does not purport to addressall of the safe
5、ty concerns, if any, associated with its use. It isthe responsibility of the user of this standard to establishappropriate safety and health practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire P
6、oints by ClevelandOpen Cup TesterD97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum ProductsD 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D 665 Test Method for Rust-Preventing Characteristics ofInhibited Mineral Oil in the Presence of Wate
7、rD 892 Test Method for Foaming Characteristics of Lubri-cating OilsD 974 Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Color-Indicator TitrationD 1744 Test Method for Determination of Water in LiquidPetroleum Products by Karl Fischer Reagent3D 2619 Test Method for Hydrolytic Stability of HydraulicFluids (
8、Beverage Bottle Method)D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum Products2.2 Federal Test Method Standard:4791B, Method 5308 Corrosiveness and Oxidation Stabilityof Light Oils (Metal Strip)2.3 SAE Aeronautical Material Specification:5SAE AMS 3150C Hot Manifold and High Temperatur
9、eIgnition Flammability Tests3. Functional Property Requirements3.1 Requirements for ISO viscosity grades 32 and 46phosphate ester based fire resistant fluids are shown in Table 1.3.2 The choice of viscosity grade for use in a particularturbine should comply with the turbine manufacturers recom-menda
10、tion.3.3 The autoignition temperature property for phosphateesters, although important to turbine manufacturers and to fluidusers, is not listed because there is no published procedure inthe ASTM manual.4. Significance and Use4.1 This is a specification to define the requirements of fireresistant fl
11、uids for use in turbine lubrication. This specificationdefines phosphate ester fluids which will give satisfactorylubrication performance in a turbine engine. However, it ispossible that phosphate esters that do not meet this specifica-tion may give adequate performance in the field.1This specificat
12、ion is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.N0.06 on Fire Resistant Fluids.Current edition approved Oct. 15, 2008. Published November 2008. Originallyapproved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 20
13、03 as D 429383(2003).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. The last approved version of
14、 this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.4Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http:/www.dodssp.daps.mil.5Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 CommonwealthDr., Warrendale, PA
15、15096-0001, http:/www.sae.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.2 Fire resistant fluids are more difficult to ignite and showlittle tendency to propagate a flame. The term “fire resistantfluid” does not mean that the
16、fluid will not burn.4.3 The normal fluid operating temperature will be in therange of 54 to 65C and will experience a maximum tempera-ture of about 93C during flow across the turbine bearingswhose housing temperature may be as high as 343C.5. Safety Precautions5.1 The fire tests are used to measure
17、and describe theproperties of the phosphate esters in response to heat and flameunder controlled laboratory conditions and should not beconsidered or used for the description or appraisal of the firehazard of the fluids under actual fire conditions.5.1.1 Fires that have occurred in operating turbine
18、s haveusually been caused by fluid or vapors contacting hot surfaces.For example, fluid that may spill and be absorbed intounprotected thermal insulation can experience an exothermicreaction with resultant, potential rapid temperature increase.The ignition of the absorbed fluid can occur at temperat
19、uresbelow the fluid autoignition temperature. Thus, the highautoignition temperatures of phosphate esters have relevance toturbine lubricant fire hazards. Likewise, the SAE AMS 3150Ctests are relevant to the particular hazards in turbine lubrica-tion.5.2 Conducting tests for fire properties such as
20、Test MethodD92and SAE AMS 3150C could result in a serious fire orexplosion. It is recommended that only experienced personnelrun these tests.5.3 Fumes generated by the above tests may be hazardousfrom the standpoint of both inhalation and skin irritation.Therefore, the Test Method D92should be condu
21、cted so thatall fumes and vapors are contained in a draft-free shield in ahood. High pressure spray flammability tests should, if pos-sible, be remotely controlled from an area outside of or isolatedfrom the test room, or if necessary, by an operator(s) providedwith protective clothing and breathing
22、 apparatus with safetyglasses or face shields, or both, appropriate to the test envi-ronment.5.4 Because SAE AMS 3150C test pressures are controlledat 6.9 MPa, all equipment must be maintained carefully,checked for leakage before each test, and operated only bytrained personnel.5.5 A portable carbon
23、 dioxide fire extinguisher shall beconveniently located in the test area for emergency use.6. Sampling6.1 Take all fluid samples in accordance with PracticeD 4057.6.2 Clean, dry, and free all sampling apparatus from anysubstance that might contaminate the fluid.6.3 Care shall be taken to ensure that
24、 the fluid is mixedproperly before samples are withdrawn for test and that thesamples are representative of the whole.6.4 The fluid shall normally meet the specification require-ments at the point where it passes from the supplier to theconsumer unless other contractual arrangements have beenmade.AS
25、TM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are e
26、ntirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards
27、and should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee
28、 on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or
29、 at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).TABLE 1 Requirements for Fire Resistant Turbine LubricantsProperty Test MethodLimits ISO Viscosity Grade32 46Viscosity, cSt, 40C D 445 28.835.2 41.450.6Pour point, C, max D97 0+6Foami
30、ng tendency, mL, max D 892Sequence I 25 25Fire properties:Flash point, C, min D92 225 225Fire point, C, min D92 325 325Hot manifold, C, min SAE AMS 3150C 704 704Flammability, high temperature spray ignition (high pressure) SAE AMS 3150C Report ReportTotal acid number, mgKOH/g, max D 974 0.2 0.2Rust
31、prevention, procedure A D 665 Pass PassWater content, % max D 1744 0.1 0.1Oxidation stability, 175C, 72 h 791B, Method 5308Percent change in viscosity at 40C 5 to +20 5 to +20Increase in total acid number, max 3.0 3.0Hydrolytic stability D 2619 ReportAReportAAThe hydrolytic stability test shall be run to meet the customers requirement.D 4293 83 (2008)2
