1、Designation: D5430 07 (Reapproved 2011) D5430 13Standard Test Methods forVisually Inspecting and Grading Fabrics1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5430; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of
2、 last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods describe a procedure to establish a numerical designation for grading of fabrics from a visual ins
3、pection.1.2 These test methods may be used for the delivery and acceptance of fabrics with requirements mutually agreed upon by thepurchaser and the supplier.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user
4、 of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD3990 Terminology Relating to Fabric DefectsD4850 Terminology Relating to Fabri
5、cs and Fabric Test Methods2.2 ANSI Standards:3ANSI/ASQC Standard A1-1978 Definitions, Symbols, Formulas, and Tables for Control ChartsANSI/ASQC Standard Z1.4-1981 Sampling Procedures and Tables for Inspection by Attributes.3. Terminology3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.59, Fabric Test Methods
6、, General, refer to Terminology D4850.3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard: critical defect, defect, in inspection and grading, grade, inspection,major defect, minor defect.3.2 For all terminology related to Fabric Defects, refer to Terminology D3990.3.3 For all other terms relate
7、d to textiles, refer to Terminology D1234. Summary of Test Method4.1 Rolls or bolts of fabric are visually inspected and individually graded at an examination station using an agreed upon pointsystem.4.2 Fabric is normally inspected and graded on one side only. Certain types of end use fabrics may b
8、e inspected and graded onboth sides as agreed upon between the purchaser and supplier.5. Significance and Use5.1 Test Method D5430 is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing a commercial shipments since the method has beenused extensively in the trade for grading of fabric and fabric acceptan
9、ce determination.1 These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.59 on Fabric Test Methods,General.Current edition approved May 1, 2011Jan. 1, 2013. Published July 2011January 2013. Originally approved in 1993. La
10、st previous edition approved in 20072011 asD5430D543007(2011).07. DOI: 10.1520/D5430-07R11.10.1520/D5430-13.2 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the st
11、andards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 American Society for Quality Control, 310 W. Wisconsin Ave., Milwaukee, WS 53203.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version
12、. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International,
13、 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15.2 The penalty points obtained in grading the same rolls or bolts of fabric may vary considerably when using each of the threeoptions listed herein. For this reason, the same point assignment option should be used
14、in cases of disagreement arising fromdifferences of values reported by the purchaser and the supplier.5.3 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative testshould be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias b
15、etween them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum,ensure the test samples to be used are as homogeneous as possible, are drawn from the material from which the disparate test resultsere obtained, and are randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The test resu
16、lts from the two laboratoriesshould be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias isfound, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of thekno
17、wn bias.6. Apparatus6.1 A suitable fabric inspection machine providing a flat viewing area and an interruptible speed controlled fabric rewind.Examination and grading are usually done with overhead direct lighting. The inspection machine may be equipped with the optionof back lighting (transmitted)
18、light providing the choice by prior agreement depending on the fabric end use. The overhead directlighting source shall be mounted parallel to the viewing surface so as to illuminate with direct perpendicular impinging light rays.The surface illumination level shall be a minimum of 1075 lux (100 foo
19、t candles).6.2 The lighting source should be cool white preheat rapid start fluorescent lamps having a correlated color temperature of 4100to 4500 K with white reflectors and without baffles or glues, or by agreement between the purchaser and supplier.7. Sampling7.1 With shipments which total 1000 m
20、 or yd or less, inspect and grade the total number of rolls or bolts.7.2 For shipments exceeding 1000 m or yd, select samples as agreed upon by the purchaser and supplier. In the absence of sucha specification, a reliable statistical sampling plan such as Practice D2903 or MIL-STD 105E may be used.8
21、. Conditioning8.1 No conditioning is required.9. Defects and Tolerances9.1 The purchaser and the supplier shall agree on a list of defects to be used in grading fabric. See 2.1 and 2.2 and Refs. 1-7for publications of various lists of fabric defects which may be used.9.1.1 The fabric defects listed
22、shall be classified as either a critical defect, major defect, or minor defect.9.2 Where applicable, the purchaser and the supplier may agree upon the location, maximum size of a fabric characteristic andfrequency of occurrence that shall not be counted as a defect.9.3 The point count permissible fr
23、equency of any defect type may be further qualified by agreement of the purchaser and thesupplier.9.4 Defects not visible on the face of the fabric shall not be counted unless agreement to the contrary has been made betweenthe purchaser and the supplier.9.5 Each individual roll or bolt in 7.1 or 7.2
24、 shall be rejected if inspection and grading results in a total number of defect pointsexceeding the maximum acceptable level mutually agreed upon by the purchaser and supplier.9.6 The total shipment shall be rejected if the sample inspected exceeds the maximum acceptable defect level mutually agree
25、dupon by the purchaser and supplier.10. Procedure10.1 Pass the fabric longitudinally through the inspection area at a visual inspection speed, agreed upon between the purchaserand supplier.10.2 Visually inspect and grade from a viewing distance of one metre or yard while the fabric is in motion. Fab
26、ric may bestopped to grade when necessary to affirm marginal defects and defects may be flagged.10.3 Inspect and grade the total length of each roll or bolt sampled.10.4 Detect and assign points to defects observed as agreed upon in 9.1-9.4 using options A (10.6), B (10.7), or C (10.8).10.5 Assign p
27、oints to the defects based upon their length within the plane of the fabric according to one of the following optionsof assigning points, as agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier.10.6 Point Assignment Option A:D5430 132Defect LengthGreater Than Up to and Including AssignedSI Units Engli
28、sh Units SI Units English Units Points0 mm 0 in. 75 mm 3 in. 175 mm 3 in. 150 mm 6 in. 2150 mm 6 in. 230 mm 9 in. 3230 mm 9 in. 410.6.1 Assign no more than a total of 4 points to any one linear metre or yard of fabric, regardless of the number or size of thedetected individual defects.10.6.2 Assign
29、4 points to each consecutive linear metre or yard in which a continuous running defect exceeds 230 millimetresor 9 inches.10.6.3 Assign 4 points to each linear metre or yard of fabric where the useable width is less than the minimum specified.10.6.4 Assign 4 points to each seam or other full width d
30、efect or seam if applicable.10.7 Point Assignment Option B:Defect LengthGreater Than Up to and Including AssignedSI Units English Units SI Units English Units Points0 mm 0 in. 230 mm 9 in. 1230 mm 9 in. 460 mm 18 in. 2460 mm 18 in. 690 mm 27 in. 3690 mm 27 in. 920 mm 36 in. 4920 mm 36 in. 1150 mm 45
31、 in. 51150 mm 45 in. 1380 mm 54 in. 61380 mm 54 in. 1610 mm 63 in. 7NOTE 1For every additional 230 mm or 9 in., add one to the assigned points for the previous increment.10.7.1 Assign demerit points for defects in increments of 230 mm or 9 in. or parts thereof.10.7.2 Determine the maximum number of
32、points per linear metre or yard by dividing the fabric width by 230 mm or 9 in. asapplicable in mm or in.10.7.2.1 Examples Per Linear Metre: 1220 mm fabric width/230 mm = 5 points 1530 mm fabric width/230 mm = 7 points10.7.2.2 Examples Per Linear Yard: 48 in. fabric width/9 in. = 6 points: 60 in. fa
33、bric width/9 in. = 7 points10.7.3 Assign no more than 4 points per square metre or yard regardless of the number or size of the detected individual defect.10.7.4 Assign 4 points to each consecutive linear metre or yard containing a continuous running defect.10.7.5 No defect within 500 mm or 20 in. t
34、o either side of an extended or running defect shall be counted.10.7.6 Assign no more than one defect point for multiple defects within a 250 mm or 10 in. square.10.7.7 Assign the maximum number of points allowable per linear metre or yard where the usable width is less than theminimum specified.10.
35、7.8 Assign the maximum number of points allowable per linear metre or yard to each splice or full width defect.10.8 Point Assignment Option C:Defect LengthWarpGreater Than Up to and Including AssignedSI Units English Units SI Units English Units Points0 mm 0 in. 25 mm 1 in. 125 mm 1 in. 125 mm 5 in.
36、 2125 mm 5 in. 250 mm 10 in. 525 mm 10 in. 900 mm 36 in. 10Defect LengthFillingGreater Than Up to and Including AssignedSI Units English Units SI Units English Units Points0 mm 0 in. 25 mm 1 in. 125 mm 1 in. 125 mm 5 in. 3125 mm 5 in. 12 Fabric Width 512 Fabric Width Full Fabric Width 1010.8.1 Assig
37、n no more than a total of 10 points to any one linear metre or yard of fabric regardless of the number or size ofthe detected individual defects.10.8.2 Assign 10 points to each consecutive linear metre or yard containing a continuous running defect.10.8.3 Assign 10 points to each linear metre or yar
38、d of fabric where the usable width is less than the minimum specified.10.8.4 Assign 10 points to each splice or other full width defect.D5430 13311. Calculation11.1 Total the number of points assigned for each roll or belt examined. Calculate the points per 100 sq. m or sq. yd or to pointsper 100 li
39、near m or yd using Eq 1, Eq 2 or Eq 3 or Eq 4.Points/100 m25100,000 P/WL (1)Points/100 yd253,600 P/WL (2)Points/100 Linear m5100 P/L (3)Points/100 Linear yd5100 P/L (4)where:P = total points assigned,W = fabric width mm or in.,L = fabric length examined, m or yd.12. Report12.1 State that the fabric
40、was inspected as directed in Test Methods D5430. Identify and describe the fabric lot or shipmentinvolved.12.1.1 Report whether point assignment Option A, B or C was used in assigning points.12.2 Report whether the unit of fabric passed or failed the criteria as agreed to by the purchaser and the su
41、pplier.12.2.1 Report the number of metres or yards inspected.12.2.2 Report the total number of points assigned based on roll or total yardage.12.2.3 Report the number of points per 100 linear m or yd.13. Precision and Bias13.1 No justifiable statement can be made either on precision or on the bias o
42、f Test Methods D5430 for visually inspecting andgrading fabrics since the test results merely states whether there is conformance to the criteria for success specified in theprocedure.13.2 BiasThe procedures of this test method produce a test value that can be defined only in terms of a test method.
43、 Thereis no indepedent, referee method by which bias may be determined. This test method has no known bias.REFERENCES(1) Apparel Quality Committee Report, “Guidelines for Purchasing by Specifications,” 1978, Publication 660-43.(2) Technical Advisory Committee Report, “Piece Goods Quality,” June 1962
44、, Publication 666-51.(3) U.S. Army Natick Laboratories Technical Report 67-29 CM, “Point System for Evaluating Quality in Textiles,” 1966 Publication AD-641496.(4) Military Standard, “Sampling Procedures and Tables for Inspection by Attributes,” MIL-STD 105E.(5) Pictorial Presentation of Standard Fa
45、bric Defects by A. G. Blackmon, “Manual of Standard Fabric Defects in the Textile Industry,” 1975, Revised1978.(6) Apparel Research Journal, June 1975, Volume III No. 1.(7) Federal Standard Glossary of Fabric Imperfections, Federal Standard Number 4b, Sections I, II, and III, July 29, 1964.ASTM Inte
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48、uld be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Sta
49、ndards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D5430 134
