1、Designation: D5456 14aStandard Specification forEvaluation of Structural Composite Lumber Products1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5456; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision
2、. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONStructural composite lumber is intended for use as an engineering material for a variety of end-useapplications. The composition of
3、 the lumber varies by wood species, adhesive composition, woodelement size, shape, and arrangement. To provide the intended performance, composite lumberproducts require: (1) an evaluation of the mechanical and physical properties and their response toend-use environments, and (2) establishment of a
4、nd conformance to standard performance specifica-tions for quality.Procedures contained in this specification are also to be used for establishing the design propertiesand for checking the effectiveness of property assignment and quality assurance procedures.The quality assurance sections in this sp
5、ecification are intended to serve as a basis for designingquality-control programs specific to each product. The objective is to ensure that design valuesestablished in the qualification process are maintained.This specification is arranged as follows:SectionQualification 6Determination of Allowable
6、 DesignStresses7Independent Inspection 8Quality Assurance 101. Scope1.1 This specification recognizes the complexity of struc-tural glued products. Consequently, this specification coversboth specific procedures and statements of intent that samplingand analysis must relate to the specific product.1
7、.2 This specification was developed in the light of cur-rently manufactured products as defined in 3.2. Materials thatdo not conform to the definitions are beyond the scope of thisspecification. A brief discussion is found in Appendix X1.1.3 Details of manufacturing procedures are beyond thescope of
8、 this specification.NOTE 1There is some potential for manufacturing variables to affectthe properties of members that are loaded for sustained periods of time.Users of this specification are advised to consider the commentary on thistopic in Appendix X1.1.4 This specification primarily considers end
9、 use in dryservice conditions, such as with most protected framingmembers, where the average equilibrium moisture content forsolid-sawn lumber is less than 16 %. The conditioning envi-ronment of 6.3 is considered representative of such uses.1.5 The performance of structural composite lumber isaffect
10、ed by wood species, wood element size and shape, andadhesive and production parameters. Therefore, products pro-duced by each individual manufacturer shall be evaluated todetermine their product properties, regardless of the similarityin characteristics to products produced by other manufacturers.Wh
11、ere a manufacturer produces product in more than onefacility, each production facility shall be evaluated indepen-dently. For additional production facilities, any revisions to thefull qualification program in accordance with this specificationshall be approved by the independent qualifying agency.1
12、.6 This specification is intended to provide manufacturers,regulatory agencies, and end users with a means to evaluate acomposite lumber product intended for use as a structuralmaterial.1.7 This specification covers initial qualification sampling,mechanical and physical tests, analysis, and design v
13、alue1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D07 on Woodand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.02 on Lumber and EngineeredWood Products.Current edition approved May 1, 2014. Published June 2014. Originallyapproved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2014 a
14、s D5456 14. DOI:10.1520/D5456-14a.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1assignments. Requirements for a quality-control program andcumulative evaluations are included to ensure maintenance ofallowable design values for the p
15、roduct.1.8 This specification, or parts thereof, shall be applicable tostructural composite lumber portions of manufactured struc-tural components.1.9 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are
16、 provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applic
17、a-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means ofthe Guarded-Hot-Plate ApparatusC384 Test Method for Impedance and Absorption of Acous-tical Materials by
18、 Impedance Tube MethodC423 Test Method for SoundAbsorption and SoundAbsorp-tion Coefficients by the Reverberation Room MethodD9 Terminology Relating to Wood and Wood-Based Prod-uctsD143 Test Methods for Small Clear Specimens of TimberD150 Test Methods forAC Loss Characteristics and Permit-tivity (Di
19、electric Constant) of Solid Electrical InsulationD198 Test Methods of Static Tests of Lumber in StructuralSizesD245 Practice for Establishing Structural Grades and Re-lated Allowable Properties for Visually Graded LumberD669 Test Method for Dissipation Factor and PermittivityParallel with Lamination
20、s of Laminated Sheet and PlateMaterials (Withdrawn 2012)3D1037 Test Methods for Evaluating Properties of Wood-Base Fiber and Particle Panel MaterialsD1583 Test Method for Hydrogen Ion Concentration of DryAdhesive FilmsD1666 Test Methods for Conducting Machining Tests ofWood and Wood-Base Panel Mater
21、ialsD1761 Test Methods for Mechanical Fasteners in WoodD2132 Test Method for Dust-and-Fog Tracking and ErosionResistance of Electrical Insulating MaterialsD2394 Test Methods for Simulated Service Testing of Woodand Wood-Base Finish FlooringD2395 Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Wood andWood-Base
22、d MaterialsD2559 Specification for Adhesives for Bonded StructuralWood Products for Use Under Exterior Exposure Condi-tionsD2718 Test Methods for Structural Panels in Planar Shear(Rolling Shear)D2915 Practice for Sampling and Data-Analysis for Struc-tural Wood and Wood-Based ProductsD3201 Test Metho
23、d for Hygroscopic Properties of Fire-Retardant Wood and Wood-Based ProductsD3755 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage andDielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating MaterialsUnder Direct-Voltage Stress (Withdrawn 2013)3D4300 Test Methods for Ability of Adhesive Films toSupport or Resi
24、st the Growth of FungiD4442 Test Methods for Direct Moisture Content Measure-ment of Wood and Wood-Base MaterialsD4761 Test Methods for Mechanical Properties of Lumberand Wood-Base Structural MaterialD4933 Guide for Moisture Conditioning of Wood andWood-Based MaterialsD5055 Specification for Establi
25、shing and Monitoring Struc-tural Capacities of Prefabricated Wood I-JoistsD5457 Specification for Computing Reference Resistance ofWood-Based Materials and Structural Connections forLoad and Resistance Factor DesignD5764 Test Method for Evaluating Dowel-Bearing Strengthof Wood and Wood-Based Product
26、sD6815 Specification for Evaluation of Duration of Load andCreep Effects of Wood and Wood-Based ProductsD7247 Test Method for Evaluating the Shear Strength ofAdhesive Bonds in Laminated Wood Products at ElevatedTemperaturesD7480 Guide for Evaluating the Attributes of a ForestManagement PlanE84 Test
27、Method for Surface Burning Characteristics ofBuilding MaterialsE96/E96M Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission ofMaterialsE119 Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Constructionand Materials2.2 CSA Standards:4CSA Standards for Wood Adhesives O112-M SeriesCSA O325 Construction Sheathing2.3 Other
28、 Standards:ISO/IEC 17020 General Criteria for the Operation of Vari-ous Types of Bodies Performing Inspection5US Product Standard PS 2 Performance Standard for Wood-Based Structural-Use Panels3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsStandard definitions of wood terms aregiven in Terminology D9.3.2 Definitions o
29、f Terms Specific to This Standard:2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version
30、of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4Available from Canadian Standards Association (CSA), 5060 Spectrum Way,Mississauga, ON L4W 5N6, Canada, http:/www.csa.ca.5Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. dela Voie-Creuse, CP 56, CH-1211 Geneva 20,
31、Switzerland, http:/www.iso.org.D5456 14a23.2.1 Exposure 1 durabilitya bond classification forwood-based products that are not permanently exposed to theweather.3.2.1.1 DiscussionWood-based products classified as Ex-posure 1 are intended to resist the effects of moisture onstructural performance due
32、to construction delays or otherconditions of similar severity.3.2.2 structural composite lumber (SCL)in thisspecification, structural composite lumber (SCL) is any oflaminated veneer lumber (LVL), parallel strand lumber (PSL),laminated strand lumber (LSL), oriented strand lumber (OSL),or laminated v
33、eneer bamboo (LVB), which are intended forstructural use and bonded with an exterior adhesive.3.2.2.1 laminated strand lumber (LSL)a composite ofwood strand elements with wood fibers primarily orientedalong the longitudinal axis of the member, where the leastdimension of the wood strand elements is
34、0.10 in. (2.54 mm) orless and their average lengths are a minimum of 150 times theleast dimension of the wood strand elements.3.2.2.2 laminated veneer bamboo (LVB)a composite ofbamboo strand elements, edge-bonded to form veneer sheetswhich are then face-bonded to form finished products, withbamboo f
35、ibers primarily oriented along the longitudinal axis ofthe member where the least dimension of strand elements is0.25 in. (6.4 mm) or less and their average strand lengths are aminimum of 300 times the least dimension of the bamboostrand elements (see X1.2).3.2.2.3 laminated veneer lumber (LVL)a com
36、posite ofwood veneer sheet elements with wood fibers primarily ori-ented along the longitudinal axis of the member, where theveneer element thicknesses are 0.25 in. (6.4 mm) or less.3.2.2.4 oriented strand lumber (OSL)a composite of woodstrand elements with wood fibers primarily oriented along thelo
37、ngitudinal axis of the member, where the least dimension ofthe wood strand elements is 0.10 in. (2.54 mm) or less and theiraverage lengths are a minimum of 75 times the least dimensionof the wood strand elements.3.2.2.5 parallel strand lumber (PSL)a composite of woodveneer strand elements with wood
38、fibers primarily orientedalong the longitudinal axis of the member, where the leastdimension of wood veneer strand elements is 0.25 in. (6.4 mm)or less and their average lengths are a minimum of 300 timesthe least dimension of the wood veneer strand elements.3.2.3 DiscussionSCL has three mutually pe
39、rpendiculardirections of orientation (see Fig. 1):L DirectionParallel to the longitudinal direction of the member.X DirectionParallel to a surface of the member and normal to the L direction.Y DirectionNormal to both L and X direction.In this specification, longitudinal shear means shear stress inth
40、e L-X and L-Y planes. Planar shear is stress in the X-Y plane.3.2.4 SCL adhesive, na material used for adhesion in themanufacturing of SCLproducts, which could be an SCLbinderor non-binder adhesive.3.2.5 SCL binder adhesive, nan adhesive that bondswood elements, such as flakes, strands, particles, o
41、r fibers, ofSCLproducts and usually does not form a continuous bondline.3.2.5.1 DiscussionCurrent examples of SCL binders in-clude those systems used in the production of LSL and OSL.3.2.6 SCL non-binder adhesive, nan adhesive that bondswood elements, such as veneers and veneer strand elements, ofSC
42、L products that is intended to completely cover all of thegluing surfaces.3.2.6.1 DiscussionCurrent examples of SCL non-binderadhesives include those systems used in the production of LVL,PSL and LVB.4. Materials4.1 GeneralStructural composite lumber materials con-forming to this specification meet
43、the definition of a bio-basedproduct in accordance with 3.3.1 of Guide D7480.4.2 Wood ElementsWood elements used in the fabricationof SCL products shall conform to 3.2.4.3 Adhesives4.3.1 Non-Binder AdhesivesNon-binder adhesives used inthe fabrication of SCL products shall conform to the require-ment
44、s in Specification D2559. In Canada, non-binder adhe-sives shall conform to the appropriate section of CSA Stan-dards for Wood Adhesives, O112-M Series, except that theLVB adhesives shall be based on the criteria for hardwoodspecies.4.3.2 Binder AdhesiveBinder adhesives, when used, shallbe evaluated
45、 to meet the requirements specifed in Annex A5(see Note 2).NOTE 2Annex A5 requirements meet or exceed the requirements forExposure 1; other conditions are beyond the scope of this specification.See the commentary and the section on Design and Mechanical PropertyConcerns in Appendix X1 for further in
46、formation.FIG. 1 Orientations for Structural Composite LumberD5456 14a34.3.3 Non-Binder and Binder AdhesivesAll adhesivesused for SCL shall be qualified for heat durability performancein accordance with 4.3.4. X1.2.4 provides additional informa-tion.NOTE 3Heat durable performance implies that the bo
47、nd betweenwood elements will permit the SCL to exhibit similar performancecharacteristics as solid wood in an elevated temperature environment.4.3.4 Adhesive Heat Durability:4.3.4.1 Adhesives used for LVL and PSL shall be qualifiedfor heat durability performance through testing in accordancewith Tes
48、t Method D7247. The test temperature and heatexposure duration for specimens tested at elevated temperature(Section 7.2 of Test Method D7247) shall meet the require-ments of Items (1), (2), (3), and (4) below.(1) The solid wood control specimens and bonded speci-mens shall be prepared from the same
49、wood species of eitherDouglas Fir, Southern Pine, or the predominate species used inthe LVL or PSL product, provided the same adhesive formu-lation is used for these wood species.(2) For the bonded specimens, the minimum target bond-line temperature shall be 428F (220C). For the matched solidwood control specimens, the minimum target temperature atthe shear plane shall be 428F (220C).(3) The minimum target temperatures of Item (1) shall bemaintained for a minimum of 10 min or until achieving aresidual strength ratio for the solid wood control specim
