1、Designation: D5548 13Standard Guide forEvaluating Color Transfer or Color Loss of Dyed Fabrics inLaundering (Not Suitable for Detergent or Washing MachineRankings)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5548; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforigina
2、l adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers the evaluation of the effect of dyestuffcolor tr
3、ansfer or color loss from dyed fabrics. It is designed asa laboratory screening test to aid in the formulation ofdetergent products or the comparison of two or more deter-gents.1.2 There is no single assessment that will give the overallperformance of a laundry product. A single test can onlysuggest
4、 how a formulation performs under the particularconditions chosen for the evaluation and cannot be expected toreflect comparative product performance under the many otherpossible conditions of use. A series of assessments is alwaysnecessary in order to evaluate the many aspects of productperformance
5、. It is necessary to conduct confirming tests undercontrolled but practical home-laundering conditions to simu-late consumer experience.1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are tobe regarded separately as the standard. The values given inparentheses are for information only.1.4 Thi
6、s standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Document
7、s2.1 ASTM Standards:2D459 Terminology Relating to Soaps and Other DetergentsD1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesE179 Guide for Selection of Geometric Conditions forMeasurement of Reflection and Transmission Propertiesof MaterialsE1347 Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Mea-su
8、rement by Tristimulus Colorimetry2.2 AATCC Methods:Evaluation Procedure 6 Instrumental Color Measurement3Evaluation Procedure 7 Instrumental Assessment of theChange in Color of a Test Specimen33. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 See Terminology D459.3.1.2 laundering, na process intended to remove so
9、ils orstains, or both, by treatment (washing) with an aqueousdetergent solution and normally including subsequent rinsing,extraction, and drying.3.1.3 rinse, v or na process or treatment in an aqueousmedium for the purpose of removing extraneous matter fromtextile materials.4. Summary of Guide4.1 Th
10、ree fabrics are chosen that exhibit varying degrees ofcolor loss or transfer. A nylon fabric is dyed with a heavyconcentration of a red dye that will exhibit the greatest amountof color loss or transfer. Two cotton fabrics are dyed with bluedyes, which provide a light and intermediate level of color
11、 lossand transfer. A bleached undyed cotton fabric is washed in thesame bucket as the dyed fabrics to act as a receptacle for thefugitive dyestuff.4.2 The evaluation is performed in a laboratory washerunder standardized conditions. It is possible to rank one ormore detergents using instrumental read
12、ings and determiningthe E* values.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D12 on Soaps andOther Detergents and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D12.25 onConsumer Standards.Current edition approved June 1, 2013. Published July 2013. Originally approvedin 1994. Last previou
13、s edition approved in 2011 as D5548 052. DOI: 10.1520/D5548-13.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM websit
14、e.3Available from American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists(AATCC), P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15. Apparatus5.1 Laboratory WasherA laboratory-scale, agi
15、tator-typewashing machine.45.2 Photoelectric Colorimeter.5.3 Fabrics:5.3.1 Spun nylon 6.6 fabric dyed with Acid Red 151 at2.5 %.5.3.2 Cotton print cloth dyed with Direct Blue 71 at 0.4 %.5.3.3 Cotton print cloth dyed with Direct Blue 90 at 0.75 %.5.3.4 Bleached cotton print cloth (undyed).6. Materia
16、ls6.1 One Swatch412 by 6 in. (114 by 152 mm) spun nylon6.6 fabric dyed Acid Red 151 for each detergent beingevaluated.6.2 Three Swatches412 by 6 in. (114 by 152 mm) cottonprint cloth dyed Direct Blue 90 for each detergent beingevaluated.6.3 Three Swatches412 by 6 in. (114 by 152 mm) cottonprint clot
17、h dyed Direct Blue 71 for each detergent beingevaluated.6.4 One Swatch412 by 6 in. (114 by 152 mm) bleachedcotton print cloth for each detergent being evaluated.6.5 Detergent(s) Being Evaluated.6.6 Laundry Additive(s) Being Evaluated (Optional).6.7 Hard-Water Stock SolutionPrepare a hard-water stock
18、solution by dissolving 3.3075 6 0.002 g of calcium chloridedihydrate (CaCl22H2O) and 1.525 6 0.002 g of magnesiumchloride hexahydrate (MgCl26H2O) in about 300 mLof water.Dilute to a volume of 1 L with additional water. This solutioncontains 3000 ppm hardness (expressed as calcium carbonate)with a Ca
19、:Mg molar ratio of 3:1.7. Instrumental Reading of Undyed Fabric7.1 Carefully present each swatch to a photoelectric colo-rimeter with the same orientation (for example, long directionperpendicular to operator). Back each swatch with the samecolor specimens.7.2 Read swatches with no ultraviolet light
20、. Standard filtersfor eliminating ultraviolet from the light source should be used.7.3 Measure the reflectance of the undyed fabric with aphotoelectric colorimeter. (See Practice D1776, Test MethodE1347, Guide E179, and AATCC Procedures 6 and 7.)7.4 Measure the reflectance of the dyed fabrics with a
21、photoelectric colorimeter. (See Practice D1776, Test MethodE1347, Guide E179, and AATCC Procedures 6 and 7.)8. Procedure for Color Transfer in One Wash8.1 Wash swatches in laboratory washer.8.1.1 Water1000 mL water hardened to 110 ppm with a3:1 mixture of Ca:Mg.8.1.2 Water Temperature32C (61C).8.1.3
22、 Detergent0.2 % concentration or manufacturers uselevel.8.1.4 Laundry Additives (Optional)Manufacturers rec-ommended concentration.8.1.5 Agitation Rate60 cycles per min.8.1.6 Time15 min.8.1.7 Use the appropriate number of swatch(s) (one color),depending on which dye cloth is being used, per bucket f
23、oreach detergent being evaluated.8.1.8 Use one swatch of undyed fabric per bucket for eachdetergent being evaluated.8.1.9 Rinse at 20C (63C) for 3 min in 1000 mL of 110ppm water with agitation.8.1.10 Air dry without heat.8.1.11 Repeat instrumental readings as per Section 7.NOTE 1It has been demonstr
24、ated that color transfer occurs in onewash using the specified dyed fabrics in 5.3 of this guide.9. Procedure for Color Loss in Three Washes9.1 Wash swatches in laboratory washer.9.1.1 Water1000 mL distilled water per bucket, hardenedto 110 ppm.9.1.2 Water Temperature32C (61C).9.1.3 Detergent0.2 % c
25、oncentration or manufacturersrecommended use level.9.1.4 Laundry Additives (Optional)Manufacturers rec-ommended use level.9.1.5 Agitation Rate60 cycles per min.9.1.6 Time15 min.9.1.7 Use the appropriate number of dyed fabric swatches(one color) per bucket for each detergent being evaluated.9.1.8 Rin
26、se at 20C (63C) for 3 min in 110 ppm waterwith agitation.9.1.9 Air dry without heat.9.1.10 Repeat instrumental readings as per Section 7.9.2 Repeat steps in 9.1 for a total of three washes.NOTE 2It has been demonstrated that color loss occurs over repeatedwashings. Three washings using the specified
27、 fabrics in 5.3 of this guidewill demonstrate color loss for practical purposes.10. Calculations10.1 Calculate E*ab values using the following equation:E*ab 5 =L2*2 L1*!21 a2*2 a1*!21 b2*2 b1*!2(1)where: E*ab is also referred to as dE*, dE, or Delta EL* = reflectance,a* = redness/greenness,b* = yell
28、owness/blueness,2 = fabric after washing, and1 = fabric before washing.11. Report11.1 Report the following information:11.1.1 Details of any optional or additional requirementsthat have been met,4The sole source of supply of the laboratory washer known to the committee atthis time is the Terg-O-Tome
29、ter, available from SGSUS Testing, 291 Fairfield Ave.,Fairfield, NJ 07004, U.S.A. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please providethis information to ASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receive carefulconsideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you mayattend.D
30、5548 13211.1.2 Whether the procedure in Section 8 or 9 was used,and11.1.3 The results obtained according to Section 10.12. Keywords12.1 colorfastness; dye fading; dye transfer; fabricsASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any it
31、em mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical com
32、mittee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a
33、meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Driv
34、e, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D5548 133
