1、Designation: D5662 16D5662 17Standard Test Method forDetermining Automotive Gear Oil Compatibility with TypicalOil Seal Elastomers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5662; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of rev
2、ision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method2 covers the determination of the compatibility of automotive gear oils with speci
3、fic nitrile, polyacrylate,and fluoroelastomer oil seal materials.1.2 Users of this test method should obtain Test Methods D412, D471, and D2240 and become familiar with their use beforeproceeding with this test method.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units o
4、f measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulato
5、rylimitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organizati
6、on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic ElastomersTensionD471 Test Method for Rubber PropertyEffect of LiquidsD2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometer HardnessD5704 Test Method for Evalu
7、ation of the Thermal and Oxidative Stability of Lubricating Oils Used for Manual Transmissionsand Final Drive AxlesD5760 Specification for Performance of Manual Transmission Gear LubricantsE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications2.2 SAE Stan
8、dard:4J2360 Lubricating Oil, Gear Multipurpose (Metric) Military Use3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 dumbbell, nthe specific cut shape (Die C) of an elastomer as explained in the section on dumbbell specimens in TestMethods D412.3.1.2 formulation, nthe specific
9、chemical composition used in manufacturing a seal elastomer or a reference oil.3.1.3 percent ultimate elongation, nthe stretch length at rupture of an elastomer dumbbell oil-aged by running this procedureminus the rupture stretch length of an untested dumbbell, all divided by rupture stretch length
10、of the untested dumbbell and thenmultiplied by 100.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.B0.03 on Automotive Gear Lubricants these can beobtained from theASTM Test Moni
11、toring Center, 6555 PennAve., Pittsburgh, Pa 15206-4489.Attention:Administrator. This edition incorporates revisions in all InformationLetters through No. 151.16-1.3 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book
12、 of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.4 Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http:/www.sae.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the
13、user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard
14、 as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.4 percent volume change, nthe change in volume of a t
15、est specimen as explained in the procedure for change in volumein Test Method D471.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Non-reference oils are tested using a modified version of Test Method D471 on specific elastomer compounds. Measuredquantities are percent ultimate elongation changes (further referred to
16、as just percent elongation changes), durometer Type Ahardness changes, and percent volume changes. Reference oils are run concurrently in the same oil bath to measure consistencyfrom one test to another.4.2 The duration of these tests is 240 h. The reference oils are available from the ASTM Test Mon
17、itoring Center (TMC).5 Theseal materials are available through a Central Parts Distributor (CPD).65. Significance and Use5.1 There are several major causes of automotive lubricant-related seal failures. This test method addresses only those failurescaused by excessive elastomer hardening, elongation
18、 loss, and volume swell and attempts to determine the likelihood that an oilmight cause premature sealing system failures in field use. This test method may be used as a requirement of a performancespecification, such as Specification D5760 and J2360.5.2 Another major cause of seal failure is the fo
19、rmation of carbon, varnish, and sludge-like deposits on the seal lip. Thedeposit-forming characteristics of automotive gear oils are evaluated in Test Method D5704. That procedure is intended in part toevaluate the potential for oils to cause premature seal failure in field service.6. Apparatus6.1 S
20、pecific test equipment as outlined in Test Methods D412, D471, and D2240 is required.6.1.1 Hardness DurometerSee Test Method D2240.6.1.1.1 CalibrationCalibrate the hardness durometer annually. Use an outside source, with standards traceable to NationalInstitute for Standards Technology (NIST) for an
21、nual calibration. Perform checks with internal standards weekly. Checks withinternal standards shall be within63 points. Calibrate internal standards annually, using an outside source, with standards traceableto NIST.6.1.2 Tension Testing MachineSee Test Method D412. Set the testing machine rate of
22、grip separation for the percentelongation change determinations at 8.5 mms 6 0.8 mms. Calibrate the tension testing machine in accordance withmanufacturer7 instructions.6.1.2.1 CalibrationCalibrate the tension testing machine annually. The manufacturer shall perform an annual calibration,using NIST
23、traceable standards.6.1.3 Glass Tubes, having an outside diameter of 38 mm and an overall length of 300 mm. The tube is fitted loosely with analuminum foil-covered stopper.6.1.4 BalanceUse any commercially available balance capable of weighing samples to the nearest 1.0 mg.6.1.4.1 CalibrationCalibra
24、te the balance annually. Use an outside source, with standards traceable to NIST for annualcalibration. Perform checks with internal standards monthly, using NISTtraceable weights.The difference between the weights andbalance shall be 0.5 mg. Calibrate internal standards annually, using an outside s
25、ource, with standards traceable to NIST.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Specific reference test oils are maintained and distributed by the TMC.5 To receive the test oils and seal materials, individuallaboratories shall commit to furnishing the TMC with reference data developed using these reference mat
26、erials.7.2 The CPD is responsible for maintaining the numbering and tracking system for the seal elastomer batches used. TheSurveillance Panel is responsible for approval of elastomer batches (see Appendix X1). Only approved elastomer batches are tobe used for reference tests and tests run to meet i
27、ndustry specifications. Certain specific information concerning these referencematerials is available only to the CPD. This information is used to ensure batch-to-batch consistency.7.2.1 Information and location of the current CPD is also available from the TMC.7.3 Specific reference seal elastomers
28、 used are a nitrile (NI), a polyacrylate (PA), and a fluoroelastomer (FL). Notation of thenumbering system is established by the TMC as follows:Type Y5 Reference oils are available from the ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489.6 The Central Parts Distributor for thi
29、s procedure is Test Engineering Inc., 12758 Cimarron Path, Suite 102, San Antonio, TX 78249.7 Trademark of Instron Worldwide. The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time is Instron Worldwide Headquarters, 825 UniversityAve., Norwood, MA020622643. If you are aware o
30、f alternative suppliers, please provide this information toASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receivecareful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1 which you may attend.D5662 172where:Type = NI, PA, FL, andY = Batch number of the particular formulation.7
31、.4 The shelf life for the seal elastomers is two years from the date the batch was cured. Invalidate any test with a seal curedate older than two years. Consult the TMC for any approved exceptions to this lifespan. Place a note in the comments sectionof the test report where exceptions have been app
32、roved.7.4.1 Store elastomers in a refrigerator maintained at 3 C to 6 C.7.5 The shelf life of reference oils is typically five years unless the TMC, through their analysis, specifies otherwise.7.6 Wetting solution of Aerosol OT0.1 % sodium diocytl sulfosuccinate, made by a 1.0 % dilution of a 10 % s
33、olution withreagent water.8. Procedure8.1 The testing laboratory shall conduct reference oil tests concurrently with the non-reference oil in the same oil bath.Reference oils shall perform within a specific range prescribed and evaluated by TMC for validity and updated as needed.8.2 Prior to cutting
34、 specimens and prior to performing elongation tests for initial properties, allow 3 h for the elastomer to warmto 23 C 6 2 C, as required by Test Method D412. Referring to the procedure in Test Method D412, use Die C to cut a set oftwelve dumbbell specimens out of the elastomer sheets as required fo
35、r each reference and non-reference oil tested.8.2.1 Cut the dumbbells parallel to the grain using the same unaltered dies for the entire lot. When cutting dumbbells, only cutone thickness at a time to avoid any dimensional variations.8.2.2 Cut all elastomer specimens, including those used for measur
36、ing initial properties, from the same elastomer batch. Usethese dumbbells for measuring the percent elongation changes.8.2.3 Next, cut twelve rectangular specimens, 25 mm by 50 mm, for the percent volume change and hardness testing; eachspecimen having a thickness of 1.9 mm 6 0.12 mm.8.2.4 Finally,
37、cut twelve more NI, PA, and FL dumbbells for the purpose of determining initial elongation properties.8.2.5 Randomly select sets of twelve dumbbells and twelve rectangular specimens for testing from the different sheets of testelastomers.8.2.6 Use the water displacement procedure in accordance with
38、Test Method D471 to determine the initial volumemeasurements. Weigh the coupon in air, M1, to the nearest 1 mg. For the mass in water, immerse the coupon in a 1.0 % wettingsolution of aerosol OT, then place the coupon in distilled water, M2, at ambient temperature. Make sure no air bubbles are cling
39、ingto the coupon surface before recording the mass to the nearest 1 mg.8.2.7 Ensure that initial elastomer properties of hardness and volume are determined prior to the start of testing. Initialelongation properties are determined just prior to running the end of test dumbbells because of instrument
40、 calibration.8.3 Fill the test tubes with 150 mL 6 5 mL of non-reference or reference oil as appropriate.8.4 Use four test tubes for each elastomer/oil combination. In each tube, suspend from a stainless steel wire hanger bent at a90 angle (dimensions shown in Fig. 1) three rectangular specimens and
41、 three dumbbells in each of the four tubes. Place spacersin between the specimens to aid in the separation. The width of the spacer(s) shall be 1.7 mm 6 0.3 mm. The spacer material shallnot affect the liquid or the rubber.8.4.1 Fig. 2 shows the arrangement of spacers and test specimens.8.4.2 Top the
42、 test tube with a stopper wrapped in aluminum foil.8.4.3 Test the non-reference oil using one or more of the three different seal elastomers with the same batch of elastomers asbeing used for the reference oil.FIG. 1 Wire HangerD5662 1738.4.4 Place the tubes randomly in an oil bath capable of mainta
43、ining a test oil temperature within 61 C for a period of 240 h6 0.5 h (see Table 1).8.4.4.1 Measure the test oil temperature with a thermocouple or resistance temperature detector (RTD) inside a dummy test tubecontaining bath oil within the oil bath.8.4.4.2 Record test oil temperature at a minimum o
44、f once every minute.8.4.4.3 Calculate the percent deviation for the elastomer material test oil temperature shown in Table 1 using the followingequation. Record the results in the test report.percent deviation5(i51n S Mi0.5R 3TiDD 3100 (1)Mi = absolute value of the magnitude of the test parameter ou
45、t of specification limit at occurrence i,R = test parameter specification range,Ti = length of time the test parameter was outside of specification range at occurrence i. (Ti is assumed to be no less than therecorded data-acquisition frequency, unless supplemental readings are documented), andD = te
46、st duration in same units as Ti.8.4.4.4 Invalidate any test that exceeds the percent deviation limits in Table 1.8.4.5 Conduct all reference and non-reference oil testing on each seal elastomer in the same oil bath. Complete reference oiland non-reference oil tests for each seal elastomer within 8 h
47、 of each other to be considered the same test.8.5 At the end of the test period, remove the specimens from the hot oil using the wire hanger and place them on a cleanabsorbent towel. Allow the specimens to cool for no longer than 30 min.8.5.1 Remove the specimens from the wire hanger, and place them
48、 on a clean absorbent towel. Remove the excess oil with aclean absorbent towel, and begin testing.8.6 Determine type A hardness testing, percent volume in air and water, and percent elongation, as done in 8.2.6 and 8.2.7.Complete testing within 2 h of removal from the test oil.8.7 Observe the follow
49、ing notes/modifications to Test Method D471.8.7.1 Report percent change in elongation (see Test Method D412) and percent volume change (see Test Method D471) fromthe original using the same water displacement procedure described in 8.2.6.8.7.1.1 When using a wire hanger to aid in the weighing of the test coupon, deduct the mass of the wire hanger from the grossmass to determine the actual mass of the test coupon. Record the actual mass of the test coupons in the test report and use the actualmasses for the percent volume change calculations.8.7.1.2 Condu
