1、Designation: D 5663 97 (Reapproved 2003)An American National StandardStandard Guide forValidating Recycled Content in Packaging Paper andPaperboard1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5663; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,
2、in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide provides an approach for both the calculationand the substantiation o
3、f recycled content of finished packag-ing paper and paperboard products. A mass balance approach isrecommended for use by manufacturers since no physical orchemical test method is currently available to determineabsolute recycled content of a finished paper product.1.2 This guide covers (1) recycled
4、 content of packagingpaper and paperboard products that contain any amount or kindof recycled fiber; and (2) methods to calculate and substantiatethe level(s) of recycled fiber content claimed by an agreementbetween the buyer and the seller.1.2.1 This guide may be used with or without modificationto
5、 calculate or substantiate the recycled content of packagingpaper and paperboard products when recovered nonfibrousmaterials (for example, filler) are a part of the recycled fiberfurnish. Limited guidance is provided for appropriate modifi-cations to this guide for the determination of amount ofrecy
6、cled nonfibrous materials in paper products.1.3 This guide does not recommend either an amount or akind of recycled fiber or material to use since (1) the amountand kind of recycled content in a packaging paper or paper-board product should be agreed upon between the buyer andthe seller, and (2) the
7、 calculation and substantiation proceduresrecommended may be used for any amount or kind of recycledmaterial agreed upon between the buyer and the seller.1.4 The mass balance calculation method recommended bythis guide may or may not comply with applicable federal,state, or local laws for recycled c
8、ontent statements intended tobe received by consumers. Limited guidance on contentstatements is in Appendix X1.1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to thetest method portion, Section 10, of this guide: This standarddoes not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,assoc
9、iated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of thisstandard to establish appropriate safety and health practicesand determine the applicability of regulatory limitations priorto use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 1968 Terminology Relating to Paper and PaperboardProducts23.
10、Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions shall be in accordance withTerminology D 1968 and the Dictionary of Paper.34. Classification4.1 The buyer and seller may agree to packaging paper andpaperboard product classes and types of their choice, whichmay be from among the following classes and types:4.1.
11、1 Classes include, but are not limited to, any of thefollowing packaging paper and paperboard products: foldingboxboard, set-up boxboard; linerboard and corrugating me-dium for use in corrugated containers; tubestock; carrier board,bag paper, and other related packaging paper and paperboardproducts.
12、4.1.2 Two types of products are included: those containingno virgin fiber and those containing a mixture of recycled andvirgin fiber.5. Ordering Information5.1 The buyer and seller of packaging paper and paperboardproducts with recycled content should agree upon at least thefollowing information:5.1
13、.1 Class(es) and type(s) of product(s) (see 4.1),5.1.2 Percent of recycled fiber, by fiber dry weight, and, ifappropriate, recycled material, by total dry weight, to beincorporated into a product (see 10.1 through 10.6),5.1.3 Degree of variation in recycled fiber or materialcontent allowable in ship
14、ped product (see 6.2),1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D06 on Paper andPaper Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D06.92 on TestMethods.Current edition approved Dec. 10, 1997. Published August 1998. Originallypublished as D 5663 95. Last previous edition D
15、 5663 95.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.09.3Available from the Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry, P.O.Box 105113, Atlanta, GA 30348.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.1.4 Time period during w
16、hich recycled content is to becalculated (see 10.1.1),5.1.5 Method of substantiation used to support the agreed-upon recycled content claim for the packaging paper orpaperboard product,5.1.6 Format and frequency of recycled content substantia-tion and reporting, and5.1.7 Type and frequency of review
17、 by the buyer (see 12.1)of procedures and data used by the seller to monitor compli-ance with the agreed-upon recycled content of product(s) undercontract.6. Composition6.1 Recycled content of packaging paper and paperboardproducts supplied in accordance with this guide should beagreed upon between
18、the buyer and the seller (see 5.1).6.2 The average recycled content for a packaging paper orpaperboard product shipped from the seller to the buyer withina specified time period (see 10.1.1 through 10.1.1.3) should beat least equal to the contracted recycled content or be within adegree of variation
19、 (see 6.3) of that content.6.3 The buyer and the seller may agree to a degree ofvariation in the recycled content in shipped product from theseller to the buyer when multiple shipments will take placeover the contract period; however, any degree of variation forrecycled content greater than 10 % is
20、not recommended. Inaddition, recycled content of a shipment of product thatexceeds the degree of variation agreed upon by the buyer andthe seller should be reported by the seller to the buyer in anagreed-upon manner.6.4 Recycled content of packaging products composed oftwo or more components should
21、be reported as the weightedmean recycled content of the multiple components (see 10.2).6.5 All measures of recycled content should be on a dryweight (0 % moisture) basis.7. Physical Attributes7.1 The average value of physical characteristics, workman-ship, dimensions, and appearance for any product
22、should meetthe requirements agreed upon by the buyer and the seller withreference to appropriate ASTM or standards of other organi-zations.8. General Attributes8.1 Acceptable defect levels and quality levels should beagreed upon between the buyer and the seller. The use ofrecycled fiber or other rec
23、ycled material should not restrict theusefulness of the products covered under this guide, nor shouldit cause a product to not meet all specified requirements agreedupon between the buyer and the seller.9. Bid Samples9.1 When requested, the bidder should submit a representa-tive product sample for e
24、xamination purposes and data tosupport the claimed recycled content. An explanation should beincluded of the specific method(s) used to substantiate thatcontent, with indication over what time period the measure-ments will be made. A separate sample should be submitted foreach class and type of pack
25、aging paper and paperboard productbeing bid on, along with supportive data and explanatoryinformation for each. Each sample should be clearly markedwith the bidders name and address, bid number, and manu-facturers name or code number.10. Measurement Procedure10.1 Recycled fiber content should be cal
26、culated as the ratioof recycled fiber weight to total fiber weight in a given quantityof packaging paper or paperboard product and expressed as apercentage. The basic calculation method is as follows (seeAppendix X1 for an example):RFC,%5RFU3 100VFU1 RFU(1)where:RFC= recycled fiber content, %,RFU= r
27、ecycled fiber used, andVFU= virgin fiber used.10.1.1 The calculation of recycled content should be for afixed time period agreed upon between the buyer and the seller.10.1.1.1 It is recommended that a monthly or quarterly timeperiod be used, as appropriate to the duration of the contractand producti
28、on runs, for monitoring compliance of shippedproduct with its claimed level of recycled content during theterm of the buyer-seller agreement. An alternative time period,however, may be agreed upon between the buyer and the seller.10.1.1.2 When multiple products of varying recycled con-tent are manuf
29、actured within a specified time period on a singlepaper machine, then the recycled content for a specific productshould be calculated based upon those time intervals withinthat time period during which that specific product wasmanufactured.NOTE 1For example, if a calculation of monthly recycled cont
30、ent ina paperboard product is needed, and that product is manufactured for 10of the 30 days within that month on a specific paper machine, then onlythe amount and kinds of various recycled and virgin materials used tomake that paper product on that paper machine during that 10-day periodshould be us
31、ed to calculate the recycled content for that product using Eq1.10.1.1.3 When the same product of an agreed upon recycledcontent is manufactured within a specified time period onseveral paper machines, then the recycled content for thatspecific product should be calculated based only upon thoseinter
32、vals within that time period, for each paper machine used,during which that specific product was manufactured. Forexample, if a calculation of monthly recycled content in apaperboard product is needed, and that product is manufac-tured for 10 of the 30 days within that month on one papermachine and
33、for 15 of the 30 days within that month on asecond paper machine, then only the amount and kinds ofvarious recycled and virgin materials used to make that paperproduct during those 10 and 15-day periods on the respectivepaper machines should be used to calculate the recycledcontent for that product
34、by using Eq 1.10.2 The recycled content for a composite packaging paperor paperboard product composed of two or more components(for example, corrugating medium plus liner board) should becalculated as the weighted mean recycled content of each of itscomponents, as follows (see Appendix X1 for an exa
35、mple):D 5663 97 (2003)2X1!P1! 1 X2!P2! 1 . 1 Xn!Pn!1005 recycled content, % (2)where:n = number of components in the composite paper pack-aging material,Xn= weight of recycled material in the nthcomponentcalculated using Eq 1, %, andPn= weight of the nthcomponent in a composite packag-ing material,
36、%.10.2.1 An individual calculation of recycled content withina given time period (see 10.1.1 through 10.1.1.3) for eachcomponent should be made and recorded.10.3 The amount of recycled material in a given quantity ofpaper product (that is, used in Eq 1) should be determined bythe method in 10.3.1 or
37、 10.3.2, as follows:10.3.1 When the paper manufacturer processes non-virginmaterial into recycled fiber, then the recycled content of aspecific paper product made from that recycled fiber should becalculated using the amount of recycled fiber obtained afterprocessing that recovered material; that is
38、, from the actualyield of recycled fiber used in the furnish. The amount ofrecycled fiber obtained after processing may be calculated bymultiplying the weight of the recovered paper material pro-cessed by an appropriate yield factor for that material (relativeto recycled fiber) in that manufacturers
39、 specific process, asfollows:RFO5 NMP3 YF (3)where:RFO= recycled fiber obtained,NMP= nonvirgin material processed, andYF = yield factor.10.3.1.1 If several types of recovered or recycled materialare used in the manufacture of a recycled content packagingpaper or paperboard product, then the recycled
40、 content of thatspecific paper product should be calculated by Method 1 or 2,as follows:(1) Method for Processing IndividuallyFor situationswhere one, or more, of the several types of recovered materialsto be used are processed individually into their respectiverecycled fibers, the recycled content
41、of the resultant paperproduct should be calculated using the amounts of each ofthose recycled fibers obtained after processing their respectiverecovered materials in both the numerator and denominator ofEq 2, that is, from the actual weights of recycled fiber used inthe paper product furnish. For ex
42、ample, recovered old news-print and used office writing paper may be processed separatelyto acquire recycled groundwood and Kraft fiber, respectively.The yields of each of these fibers should be used to calculatethe recycled fiber weights to be used in Eq 1.(2) Method for Processing TogetherFor situ
43、ations whereall of the several types of recovered materials used areprocessed together into recycled fibers, the recycled content ofthe resultant paper product should be calculated as in 10.3.1from the amount of recycled fiber obtained after processing themixture of recovered materials; that is, fro
44、m the actual yield ofrecycled fiber used in the paper product furnish. For example,recovered old newsprint and used office writing paper may beprocessed together to acquire a mixture of recycled fiber. Theyield of mixed recycled fiber should be used in Eq 1.10.3.2 When the paper manufacturer uses re
45、cycled fiberprocessed by a recycled pulp supplier, that pulp supplier shouldsubstantiate the amount of recycled fiber in its recycled pulp.This may be calculated using the amount of recycled fiberobtained after processing that recovered material; that is, byaccounting for the yield of recycled fiber
46、 from recovered papermaterial in its process (as in Eq 3). The recycled-pulp suppli-ers substantiated amount of recycled fiber content should beused to determine recycled content in a specified paper productmade from that fiber by the packaging paper or paperboardmanufacturer.10.4 The amount of virg
47、in fiber used in a given quantity ofpaper product (that is, used in Eq 1), if present, should bedetermined by the method in 10.4.1 or 10.4.2, as follows:10.4.1 When the paper manufacturer utilizes mill broke inthe manufacture of a paper product, then the virgin fibercontent of that mill broke is det
48、ermined by calculating theamount of virgin fiber obtained after processing that millbroke; that is, from the actual yield of virgin fiber used in thepapermaking furnish. The amount of virgin fiber obtained afterprocessing may be calculated by multiplying the weight of thevirgin fiber portion of mill
49、 broke processed by an appropriateyield factor for that material (relative to virgin fiber) asfollows:VFO5 VFMBP3 YF (4)where:VFO= virgin fiber obtained,VFMBP= virgin fiber portion of mill broke processed, andYF = yield factor.10.4.2 When the paper manufacturer uses virgin fiber pro-cessed by a pulp supplier, that pulp supplier should substantiatethe amount of virgin fiber in its pulp material by accounting forthe yield of virgin fiber from whatever material source is usedin its process (as in Eq 4). The pulp suppliers substantiatedamount of virgin fiber content should
