1、Designation: D5983 13D5983 15Standard Specification forMethyl Tertiary-Butyl Ether (MTBE) for DownstreamBlending for Use in Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5983; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal
2、adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers requirements for fuel grade methyl tertia
3、ry-butyl ether utilized in commerce, terminal blending,or downstream blending with fuels for spark-ignition engines. Other MTBE grades may be available for blending that are notcovered by this specification.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measureme
4、nt are included in this standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip TestD156 Test Method for Saybolt Color of Petroleum Products (Saybolt Chromometer Method)D381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet E
5、vaporationD1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products byHydrometer MethodD4045 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Hydrogenolysis and Rateometric ColorimetryD4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravi
6、ty of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD4176 Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Contamination in Distillate Fuels (Visual Inspection Procedures)D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD4306
7、Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for Tests Affected by Trace ContaminationD4814 Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine FuelD4953 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Gasoline and Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends (Dry Method)D5441 Test Method for Analysis of Methyl Tert-Butyl Ether (MTB
8、E) by Gas ChromatographyD5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD7757 Test Method for Silicon in Gasoline and Related Products by MonochromaticWavelength Dispersive X-ray FluorescenceSpectrometryE203 Test Method for Water Using Volumetric Karl Fisc
9、her TitrationE300 Practice for Sampling Industrial ChemicalsE1064 Test Method for Water in Organic Liquids by Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 methanol, nthe chemical compound CH3OH.3.1.2 methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE), nthe chemical compound (CH3)3COCH3 C5H1
10、2O.3.1.3 oxygenate, nan oxygen-containing ashless, organic compound, such as an alcohol or ether, which may be used as a fuelor fuel supplement.1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsi
11、bility ofSubcommittee D02.A0.02 on Oxygenated Fuels and Components.Current edition approved June 15, 2013Oct. 1, 2015. Published July 2013October 2015. Originally approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 20112013 asD5983 06 (2011).D5983 13. DOI: 10.1520/D5983-13.10.1520/D5983-15.2 For ref
12、erencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide
13、the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the stan
14、dard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14. Performance Requirements4.1 Methyl tertiary-butyl
15、ether utilized in commerce, terminal blending, or downstream blending with fuels for ground vehiclesequipped with spark-ignition engines shall conform to the requirements of Table 1.NOTE 1Individual applications may require a more restrictive sulfur limit. These requirements are to be negotiated bet
16、ween buyer and seller.5. Workmanship5.1 The At the point of custody transfer, the MTBE shall be visually free of undissolved water, sediment, and suspended orundissolved matter. It shall be clear and bright at the ambient temperature or 21C (70F), whichever is higher.fuel temperatureat the point of
17、custody transfer or at a lower temperature agreed upon by the purchaser and seller.NOTE 2Fuel components should be resistant to phase separation or undissolved matter at the lowest temperatures to which it is likely to be subjected,dependent on the time and place of its intended use. See Specificati
18、on D4814, Table X7.1 for guidance.NOTE 3Solubility is temperature dependent. As this fuel component cools, water and some high molecular weight additives can become insoluble.5.2 The specification defines only a basic purity for this product. The product shall be free of any adulterant or contaminan
19、t thatmaycan render the material unacceptable for its commonly used applications.5.3 Manufacturers and importers of MTBE shall avoid contamination by silicon-containing materials. Silicon contamination ofgasoline-oxygenate blends has led to fouled vehicle components (for example, spark plugs, exhaus
20、t oxygen sensors, catalyticconverters) requiring parts replacement and repairs. Test Method D7757 is a procedure for determining silicon that might beapplicable to MTBE. Additional studies will be needed to include MTBE into the scope of Test Method D7757. No specificationlimits have been establishe
21、d for silicon.6. Sampling, Containers, and Sample Handling6.1 The user is strongly advised to review all intended test methods prior to sampling in order to understand the importance andeffects of sampling technique, proper containers, and special handling required for each test method.6.2 Correct s
22、ampling procedures are critical to obtain a sample representative of the lot intended to be tested. Use appropriateprocedures in Practice D4057 or Practice E300 for manual method sampling and in Practice D4177 for automatic method samplingas applicable.6.3 The correct sample volume and appropriate c
23、ontainer selection are important decisions that can impact test results. Referto Practice D4306 for aviation fuel container selection for tests sensitive to trace contamination. Refer to Practice D5854 forprocedures on container selection and sample mixing and handling. Where practical, MTBE should
24、be sampled in glass containers.If samples must be collected in metal containers, do not use soldered metal containers. This is because the soldering flux in thecontainers and the lead in the solder can contaminate the samples. Plastic containers should be avoided.6.4 Sample SizeA minimum of about 2
25、L 2 L is recommended.6.5 Lot SizeA lot shall normally consist of the amount contained in a tanker compartment or other bulk container in whichit is delivered. If this definition does not apply, the definition of a lot must be agreed upon between the supplier and purchaser.7. Test Methods7.1 The scop
26、e of some of the test methods specified below do not include MTBE. The precision of those test methods may differfrom the reported precisions when testing MTBE.7.2 AppearanceTest Method D4176, Procedure 1.7.3 SulfurTest Method D4045 (see Note 24).TABLE 1 Performance RequirementsProperty LimitsAppear
27、ance Clear and brightColor, Saybolt, min + 5Sulfur, mg/kg, max 300Solvent-washed gum content, mg/100 mL, max 5.0Copper strip corrosion, max 1MTBE, mass %, min 95.0MTBE, % by mass, min 95.0Methanol, mass% , max 0.5Methanol, % by mass, max 0.5Vapor pressure, kPa, max 62Water, mass %, max 0.10Water, %
28、by mass, max 0.10API gravity at 15.6C or density at 15C, kg/L ReportAPI gravity at 15.6 C or density at 15 C, kg/L ReportD5983 1527.4 Solvent-Washed Gum ContentTest Method D381, air-jet apparatus.7.5 MTBE, mass % by mass Test Method D5441.7.6 Methanol, mass % by mass Test Method D5441.7.7 API Gravit
29、y at 15.6C15.6 CPractice D1298.7.8 Density at 15C15 CPractice D1298 or Test Method D4052.7.9 Copper Strip CorrosionTest Method D130, 3 h 3 h at 50C.50 C.7.10 Water ContentTest Methods E203 or E1064.7.11 Vapor PressureTest Method D4953.7.12 Color, SayboltTest Method D156.NOTE 4Test Method D4045 may r
30、equire dilution of the sample with a sulfur-free diluent.8. Keywords8.1 automotive spark-ignition engine fuel; blending; corrosion; impurities; methanol; methyl tertiary-butyl ether; oxygenate;water contentAPPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. SIGNIFICANCE OF ASTM SPECIFICATION FOR MTBE FOR DOWNSTRE
31、AM BLENDING FOR USE IN AUTOMOTIVESPARK-IGNITION ENGINE FUELX1.1 GeneralX1.1.1 Methyl tertiary-butyl ether may be used as a blending component for automotive spark-ignition engine fuel to meet theoxygenate content requirements or improve the antiknock quality, or both, of certain types of fuels. MTBE
32、 purchased under thisspecification will assist terminal or downstream blenders in the use of MTBE as a blending component.X1.1.2 The composition of unleaded fuel is subject to the rules, regulations, and CleanAirAct waivers of the U.S. EnvironmentalProtection Agency (EPA). The use of oxygenates in b
33、lends with unleaded gasoline is described under Section 211(f) (1) of theCleanAirAct. The performance requirements of this specification were established to help ensure that the addition (in appropriateamounts) of MTBE as described in this specification would not be detrimental to the properties of
34、the fuel blend.X1.2 AppearanceX1.2.1 Methyl tertiary-butyl ether as covered by this specification is a relatively pure material. Suspended materials, sediments,or contaminants in the MTBE which cause a cloudy or colored appearance may adversely affect the performance of the finishedfuel blend in aut
35、omotive spark-ignition engines. Also, a cloudy or colored appearance may indicate excessive water orcontamination by materials not directly measured under this specification.X1.2.1.1 Fuel components can encounter conditions in the bulk distribution system that could cause the material to fail aworkm
36、anship visual evaluation. Some fuel components can contain water, dirt, or rust particles during distribution. Terminals orbulk plants can address these issues with proper operating procedures, for example, by allowing sufficient time for the free water,dirt, or particles to settle in a tank, by fil
37、tration or by other means.X1.2.1.2 Turbidity, phase separation, or evidence of precipitation normally indicate contamination.X1.3 SulfurX1.3.1 Sulfur and sulfur-containing compounds contribute to engine wear, deterioration of engine oil, exhaust catalystdeactivation, and corrosion of exhaust system
38、parts in spark-ignition engine systems. The limit on sulfur is included to ensure thatthe finished blend of fuel is not detrimental to these systems.D5983 153X1.4 Solvent-Washed Gum ContentX1.4.1 The test for solvent-washed gum content measures the amount of residue after evaporation of the fuel com
39、ponent andfollowing a heptane wash. The heptane wash removes the heptane-soluble, nonvolatile material such as additives, carrier oils usedwith additives, and diesel fuels. Solvent-washed gum consists of fuel-insoluble gum and fuel-soluble gum. The fuel-insolubleportion can clog fuel filters. Both c
40、an be deposited on surfaces when the fuel evaporates. The solvent-washed gum content test mayalso indicate contamination of the methyl tertiary-butyl ether during shipping and storage. The limit is included to ensure thatfinished blends of gasoline do not contain excess solvent-washed gum and handli
41、ng contamination is minimized.X1.4.2 Solvent-washed gum can contribute to deposits on the surfaces of carburetors, fuel injectors, and intake manifolds, ports,valves, and valve guides. The impact of solvent-washed gum on malfunctions of modern engines is not well established, and thecurrent limit ha
42、s been assumed from the historic gasoline limit rather than from any recent correlative work. It depends on wherethe deposits form, the presence of other deposit precursors such as airborne debris, blowby and exhaust gas, recirculation gases,and oxidized engine oil, and the amount of deposits.X1.4.3
43、 Because the precision statements for Test Method D381 were developed using only data on hydrocarbons, they may notbe applicable to MTBE.X1.5 Copper Strip CorrosionX1.5.1 Fuels must pass the copper strip corrosion test to minimize corrosion in fuel systems due to sulfur compounds in the fuel.This li
44、mit is included to ensure that the methyl tertiary-butyl ether does not contribute to copper corrosion.X1.6 Methyl Tertiary-Butyl Ether PurityX1.6.1 The methyl tertiary-butyl ether minimum purity level limits the quantities of contaminants. Some organic compounds otherthan MTBE may adversely affect
45、the properties of finished fuel blends.X1.7 Methanol ContentX1.7.1 Methanol is one of the reactants in the production of MTBE and is a potential contaminant. Methanol contributes to vaporpressure increase and poorer water tolerance of finished fuel blends. The U.S. EPA substantially similar rule lim
46、its the methanolcontent of unleaded fuels. Therefore, it is necessary to limit the methanol content of MTBE.X1.8 Water ContentX1.8.1 Blends of MTBE and hydrocarbon gasoline have a limited solvency for water. This solvency will vary with the chemicalcomposition, temperature, and MTBE content of the f
47、uel. Excess water (which may be soluble in the MTBE) may not be solublein the gasoline-MTBE blend and could result in a hazy fuel that does not meet the clear and bright requirement of SpecificationD4814. The water content of MTBE used for blending with hydrocarbon gasoline is limited to reduce the
48、risk of haze formation.X1.9 Vapor PressureX1.9.1 The vapor pressure of a finished fuel blend must be high enough to ensure ease of engine starting. Excessive vaporpressure, however, may contribute to vapor lock or high evaporative emissions and running losses.X1.9.2 The vapor pressure of MTBE is con
49、trolled to prevent adversely affecting the vapor pressure of the finished blend.Avaporpressure in excess of the value specified in Section 4 may indicate contamination by a light hydrocarbon. Therefore, the vaporpressure must be controlled.D5983 154SUMMARY OF CHANGESSubcommittee D02.A0 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(D5983 06 (2011)D5983 13) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved Oct. 1, 2015.)(1) Added Test MethodRevised subsection 5.1 D7757and 5.2to Section; added 2n
