1、Designation: D6023 15D6023 16Standard Test Method forDensity (Unit Weight), Yield, Cement Content, and AirContent (Gravimetric) of Controlled Low-Strength Material(CLSM)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6023; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year ofo
2、riginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method explains determination of the density (Not
3、e 1) of freshly mixed Controlled Low-Strength Material (CLSM)and gives formulas for calculating the yield, cement content, and the air content of the CLSM. This test method is based on TestMethod C138/C138M for Concrete.NOTE 1Unit Weight was the previous terminology used to describe the property det
4、ermined by this test method, which is mass per unit volume.1.2 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in PracticeD6026.1.2.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in the standard are r
5、egarded as the industrystandard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do notconsider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the users objectives;and it is
6、common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations.It is beyond the scope of these test methods to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering data.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as sta
7、ndard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversionsto inch-pound units, which are provided for information only and are not considered standard. Reporting of test results in unitsother than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this test method.1.3.1 The converted inch-poun
8、d units use the gravitational system of units. In this system, the pound (lbf) represents a unit offorce (weight), while the unit for mass is slugs. The converted slug is not given, unless dynamic (F=ma) calculations are involved.1.3.2 It is common practice in the engineering/construction profession
9、 to concurrently use pounds to represent both a unit ofmass (lbm) and of force (lbf). This implicitly combines two separate system of units; that is, the absolute system and thegravitational system. It is scientifically undesirable to combine the use of two separate sets of inch-pound units within a
10、 singlestandard. As stated, this standard includes the gravitational system of inch-pound units and does not use/present the slug unit formass. However, the use of balances or scales recording pounds of mass (lbm) or recording density in lbm/ft3 shall not be regardedas nonconformance with this stand
11、ard.1.4 CLSM is also known as flowable fill, controlled density fill, soil-cement slurry, soil-cement grout, unshrinkable fill,“K-Krete,” and other similar names.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the
12、user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use. (WarningFresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin andtissue upon prolonged exposure.2)2. Referenced Documents
13、2.1 ASTM Standards:3C29/C29M Test Method for Bulk Density (“Unit Weight”) and Voids in Aggregate1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.15 on Stabilization WithAdmixtures.Current edition approved Nov. 15
14、, 2015Dec. 1, 2016. Published December 2015December 2016. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 20072015as D6023 07.D6023 15. DOI: 10.1520/D6023-15.10.1520/D6023-16.2 Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol.
15、 04.02.3 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended
16、only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current ve
17、rsionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete
18、 and Concrete AggregatesC128 Test Method for Relative Density (Specific Gravity) and Absorption of Fine AggregateC138/C138M Test Method for Density (Unit Weight), Yield, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of ConcreteC150/C150M Specification for Portland CementC231/C231M Test Method for Air Content of Fre
19、shly Mixed Concrete by the Pressure MethodD653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained FluidsD3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used inEngineering Design and ConstructionD4832 Test Method for Preparation and Testing
20、 of Controlled Low Strength Material (CLSM) Test CylindersD5971/D5971M Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed Controlled Low-Strength MaterialD6024/D6024M Test Method for Ball Drop on Controlled Low Strength Material (CLSM) to Determine Suitability for LoadApplicationD6026 Practice for Using Significan
21、t Digits in Geotechnical DataD6103 Test Method for Flow Consistency of Controlled Low Strength Material (CLSM) (Withdrawn 2013)43. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of common technical terms used in this standard, refer to Terminology standards C125 and D653.3.1.2 Controlled Low Stren
22、gth Material (CLSM), na mixture of soil, aggregates (sand, gravel, or both), cementitiousmaterials, potable water, and sometimes admixtures, that hardens into a material with a higher strength than the soil, but less than8400 kPa (1200 psi).3.1.2.1 DiscussionUsed as a replacement for compacted backf
23、ill, CLSM can be placed as a slurry, a mortar, or a compacted material and typicallyhas strengths of 350 to 700 kPa (50 to 100 psi) for most applications.3.1.3 yieldthe volume of CLSM produced from a mixture of known quantities of the component materials.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The density of t
24、he CLSM is determined by filling a measure with CLSM, determining the mass, and calculating the volumeof the measure. The density is then calculated by dividing the mass by the volume. The yield, cement content, and the air contentof the CLSM is calculated based on the masses and volumes of the batc
25、h components.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method provides the user with a procedure to calculate the density of freshly mixed CLSM for determination ofcompliance with specifications, for determining mass/volume relationships or conversions such as those found in purchaseagreements, and also
26、for quality control purposes.5.2 This test method is intended to assist the user for quality control purposes and when specified to determine compliance forair content, yield, and cement content of freshly mixed CLSM.5.3 This test method is not meant to predict the air content of hardened CLSM, whic
27、h may be either higher or lower than thatdetermined by this test method.5.4 This test is one of a series of quality control tests that can be performed on CLSM during construction to monitor compliancewith specification requirements. The other tests that can be used during construction control are T
28、est Methods D4832,D6024/D6024M, and D6103.NOTE 2The quality of the results produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it and the suitability of theequipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capab
29、le of competent and objectivetesting/sampling/inspection/ and the like. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself ensure reliableresults. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluation some of those factors.6.
30、Apparatus6.1 BalanceAbalance or scale accurate to within 0.3 % of the test load at any point within the range of use. The range of useshall be considered to extend from the mass of the measure empty to the mass of the measure plus the CLSM.6.2 Filling ApparatusScoop, bucket or pail of sufficient cap
31、acity to facilitate filling the measure in a rapid, efficient manner.4 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.D6023 1626.3 Sampling and Mixing ReceptacleThe receptacle shall be a suitable container, wheelbarrow, and the like of sufficientcapacity to allow
32、 easy sampling and remixing of the CLSM.6.4 MeasureA cylindrical container made of steel or other suitable metal (Note 3). It shall be watertight and sufficiently rigidto retain its form and calibrated volume under rough usage. Measures that are machined to accurate dimensions on the inside andprovi
33、ded with handles are preferred. All measures, except for measuring bowls of air meters shall conform to the requirements ofTest Method C29/C29M. The minimum capacity of the measure shall conform to the requirements of Table 1. When measuringbowls of air meters are used, they shall conform to the req
34、uirements of Test Method C231/C231M. The top rim of the air meterbowls shall be smooth and plane within 0.3 mm (0.01 in.) (Note 4).NOTE 3The metal should not be readily subject to attack by cement paste. However, reactive materials such as aluminum alloys may be used ininstances where, as a conseque
35、nce of an initial reaction, a surface film is rapidly formed, which protects the metal against further corrosion.NOTE 4The top rim is satisfactorily plane if a 0.3-mm (0.01-in.) feeler gauge cannot be inserted between the rim and a piece of 6 mm (14 in.) orthicker plate glass laid over the top of th
36、e measure.6.5 Strike-Off PlateA flat rectangular strike-off plate conforming to the requirements of Test Method C138/C138M.6.6 Calibration EquipmentApiece of plate glass, preferably at least 6 mm (14 in.) thick and at least 25 mm (1 in.) larger thanthe diameter of the measure to be calibrated. A thi
37、n film of vacuum, water pump or chassis grease smeared on the flange of thebowl will make a watertight joint between the glass plate and the top of the bowl.7. Sample7.1 Obtain the sample for freshly mixed CLSM in accordance with Practice D5971/D5971M.7.2 The size of the sample shall be approximatel
38、y 125 to 200 % of the quantity required to fill the measure.8. Verification of Measure8.1 Verify the measure and determine the calibration factor (1/volume), following the procedure outlined in Test MethodC29/C29M.NOTE 5For the calculation of density, the volume of the measure in acceptable metric u
39、nits should be expressed in cubic metres, or the factor as 1/m3.However, for convenience the size of the measure may be expressed in litres.8.2 Measures shall be reverified at least once a year or whenever there is reason to question the accuracy of the verification.9. Procedure9.1 Place the measure
40、 on a level, rigid, horizontal surface free from vibration and other disturbances.9.2 Placing the CLSM:9.2.1 Start this procedure within 5 min after obtaining the sample of CLSM and complete as expeditiously as possible.9.2.2 Thoroughly mix the sample of CLSM in the sampling and mixing receptacle to
41、 ensure uniformity.9.2.3 With the filling apparatus, scoop through the center portion of the sample and pour the CLSM into the measure. Repeatuntil the measure is full.9.3 On completion of filling, the measure shall not contain a substantial excess or deficiency of CLSM. An excess of CLSMprotruding
42、approximately 3 mm (18 in.) above the top of the mold is optimum. To correct a deficiency, add a small quantity ofCLSM.9.4 Strike-OffAfter filling, strike-off the top surface of the CLSM and finish it smoothly with the flat strike-off plate using greatcare to leave the measure just level full. The s
43、trike-off is best accomplished by pressing the strike-off plate on the top surface ofthe measure to cover about two thirds of the surface and withdrawing the plate with a sawing motion to finish only the areaoriginally covered. Then place the plate on the top of the measure to cover the original two
44、 thirds of the surface and advance itwith a vertical pressure and a sawing motion to cover the whole surface of the measure. Several final strokes with the inclined edgeof the plate will produce a smooth finished surface.TABLE 1 Minimum Capacity of MeasureNominal Maximum Size of CoarseAggregateA Cap
45、acity of Measure, minBin. mm ft3 L1 25.0 0.2 6112 37.5 0.4 112 50 0.5 14AAggregate of a given nominal maximum size may contain up to 10 % of particlesretained on the sieve referred to.BTo provide for wear, measures may be up to 5 % smaller than indicated in thistable.D6023 1639.5 Cleaning and Mass M
46、easurementAfter strike-off, clean all excess CLSM from the exterior of the measure and determinethe gross mass of the CLSM in the measure to an accuracy consistent with the requirements of 6.1.10. Calculation10.1 DensityCalculate the mass of the CLSM in megagrams, kilograms, or grams (pounds) by sub
47、tracting the mass of themeasure from the gross mass. Calculate the density, W, by multiplying the mass of the CLSM by the calibration factor for themeasure determined in 8.1.10.2 YieldCalculate the yield as follows:Yf ft3!5W 1/W (1)or,Y yd 3!5W1/27W! (2)or,Y m3!5W 1/W (3)where:Yf = volume of CLSM pr
48、oduced per batch, ft3,Y = volume CLSM produced per batch, m3 (ft3),W = density of CLSM, kg/m3 (lb/ft3), andW1 = total mass of all materials batched, kg (lb) (Note 6).NOTE 6The total mass of all materials batched is the sum of the masses of the cement, the fly ash, the filler aggregate in the conditi
49、on used, the mixingwater added to the batch, and any other solid or liquid materials used.10.3 Relative YieldRelative yield is the ratio of the actual volume of CLSM obtained to the volume as designed for the batchcalculated as follows:R y 5Y/Yd (4)where:Ry = relative yield,Y = volume CLSM produced per batch, m3 (yd3), andYd = volume of CLSM, which the batch was designed to produce, m3 (yd3).NOTE 7Avalue for Ry greater than 1.00 indicates an excess of CLSM being produced whereas a value less than this indicates the batch to be “short”of its desig
