1、Designation:D608211 Designation: D6082 12Standard Test Method forHigh Temperature Foaming Characteristics of LubricatingOils1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6082; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision,
2、 the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method describes the procedure for determining the foaming characteristics of lubricating oils
3、 (specificallytransmission fluid and motor oil) at 150C.1.2 Foaming characteristics of lubricating oils at temperatures up to 93.5C are determined by Test Method D892 or IP 146.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standa
4、rd.1.4 WARNINGMercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause centralnervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Cautionshould be taken when handling mercury and mercury containi
5、ng products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet(MSDS) for details and EPAs websitehttp:/www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htmfor additional information. Users should be awarethat selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law.1.5 This
6、standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1
7、 ASTM Standards:2D892 Test Method for Foaming Characteristics of Lubricating Oils E1Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass ThermometersE128 Test Method for Maximum Pore Diameter and Permeability of Rigid Porous Filters for Laboratory UseE1272 Specification for Laboratory Glass Graduated Cylinders2.2
8、 Energy Institute Standards:3IP 146 Standard Method of Test for Foaming Characteristics of Lubricating Oils3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 diffuser, nfor gas, a device for dispersing gas into a liquid (Test Method D892).3.1.1.1 DiscussionAlthough diffusers can be made of either metallic or non-m
9、etallic materials, in this test method the diffuseris sintered stainless steel.3.1.2 entrained air (or gas), nin liquids, a two-phase mixture of air (or gas) dispersed in a liquid in which the liquid is themajor component on a volumetric basis.3.1.2.1 DiscussionThe air (or gas) is in the form of dis
10、crete bubbles of about 10 to 1000 m in diameter. The bubbles are notuniformly dispersed. In time, they rise to the surface to coalesce to form larger bubbles which break or form foam. Subsurfacecoalescence can also occur, in which case, the bubbles will rise more rapidly.3.1.3 foam, nin liquids, a c
11、ollection of bubbles formed in or on the surface of a liquid in which the air or gas is the majorcomponent on a volumetric basis.3.1.4 gas, na fluid (such as air) that has neither independent shape nor volume but tends to expand indefinitely.3.1.5 lubricant, nany material interposed between two surf
12、aces that reduces friction or wear between them.3.1.5.1 DiscussionIn this test method, the lubricant is an oil which may or may not contain additives such as foam inhibitors.3.1.6 maximum pore diameter, nin gas diffusion, the diameter of a capillary of circular cross-section which is equivalent (wit
13、h1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.06 onAnalysis of Lubricants.Current edition approved JulyJan. 1, 2011.2012. Published August 2011.March 2012. Originally approved in 1997. Last
14、 previous edition approved in 20062011 asD608206.D608211. DOI: 10.1520/D6082-112.2For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page o
15、n the ASTM website.3Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, WIG 7AR, U.K., http:/www.energyinst.org.uk.1This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Beca
16、useit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appea
17、rs at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.respect to surface tension effects) to the largest pore of the diffuser under consideration. The pore dimension is expressed inmicrometers (m).3.1.7 permea
18、bility, n in gas diffusion, the rate of a substance that passes through a material (diffuser) under given conditions.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 bottom volume, nthe volume of liquid sample, that is, sample substantially free of air, at any given time during the test.3.2.
19、2 collapse time, nin foam testing, the time in seconds, for zero foam to appear after the air is disconnected at the end ofthe five minute air blowing time.3.2.3 dynamic bubble, nthe first bubble to pass through and escape from the diffuser followed by a continuous succession ofbubbles when testing
20、for the pore diameter in Annex A1.3.2.3.1 DiscussionWhen a diffuser is immersed in a liquid such as propan-2-ol, air can be trapped in the pores. It can escapeeventually or as soon as a pressure is applied to the diffuser.When testing for pore diameter (AnnexA1), the escape of such bubblesis to be i
21、gnored.3.2.4 foam stability, nin foam testing, the amount of static foam remaining at specified times following the disconnecting ofthe air supply.3.2.4.1 five-second foam stability, nthe amount of static foam present 5 s after disconnecting the air supply.3.2.4.2 fifteen-second foam stability, nthe
22、 amount of static foam present 15 s after disconnecting the air supply.3.2.4.3 one-minute foam stability, nthe amount of static foam present 1 min after disconnecting the air supply.3.2.4.4 five-minute foam stability, nthe amount of static foam present 5 min after disconnecting the air supply.3.2.4.
23、5 ten-minute foam stability, nthe amount of static foam present 10 min after disconnecting the air supply.3.2.5 foaming tendency, nin foam testing, the amount of static foam immediately before the cessation of air flow.3.2.6 kinetic foam, nentrained air that has been created by the passage of air th
24、rough the diffuser during the test (see Fig. 1).3.2.6.1 DiscussionBecause the process of passing air through the diffuser and the oil sample during the test has resulted inan increase in volume and because such entrained air can be considered as foam on its way to being made, the term kinetic foamha
25、s been introduced.3.2.7 percent volume increase, nin foam testing, the increase in total volume expressed as a percentage of the initial totalvolume with diffuser in place at test temperature.3.2.8 static foam, nfoam that has been created by the passage of air through the diffuser during the test (s
26、ee Fig. 1).3.2.9 top volume, nthe volume of the foam (if any), liquid, diffuser, and the submersed portion of the delivery tube (see Fig.1).3.2.10 total volume, n in foam testing, the volume of foam, liquid, diffuser, and submersed portion of delivery tube (see Fig.1).3.2.10.1 initial total volume (
27、V1), nin foam testing, the volume of the foam, liquid, diffuser, and submersed portion of thedelivery tube at test temperature prior to connecting the air supply.3.2.10.2 final total volume (V2), nin foam testing, the volume of the foam, liquid, diffuser, and submersed portion of theFIG. 1 Terminolo
28、gy DiagramD6082 122delivery tube just before disconnecting the air supply.3.2.11 zero foam, nin foam testing, occurs when any portion of the top surface of the liquid is free of bubbles.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A measured quantity of sample is heated to 49C for 30 min and allowed to cool to room
29、 temperature. The sample istransferred to a 1000 mL graduated cylinder, heated to 150C, and aerated at 200 mL/min with dry air for 5 min with a metaldiffuser.The amount of foam generated before disconnecting the air, the amount of static foam at optional times after disconnectingthe air (list of opt
30、ions in Section 10); and the time for the foam to collapse are measured and the percent increase in total volumecalculated.5. Significance and Use5.1 The tendency of oils to foam at high temperature can be a serious problem in systems such as high-speed gearing, highvolume pumping, and splash lubric
31、ation. Foaming can cause inadequate lubrication, cavitation, and loss of lubricant due tooverflow, and these events can lead to mechanical failure.5.2 Correlation between the amount of foam created or the time for foam to collapse, or both, and actual lubrication failure hasnot been established. Suc
32、h relations should be empirically determined for foam sensitive applications.6. Apparatus6.1 Heating Bath, any heating system capable of maintaining a sample temperature of 150 6 1C (see Fig. 2).NOTE 1The precision of this test method was determined using only liquid baths.6.1.1 Heating Transfer Flu
33、id, any liquid with low volatility, at the test temperature, chemical stability and sufficient lowviscosity to permit stirring.NOTE 2A4to7mm2/s (cSt) polyalphaolefin has been found to be a suitable fluid. Silicone fluids are foam inhibitors and their use may alter the foamcharacteristics of the test
34、 sample and should be discouraged.NOTE 3A slow purge of nitrogen gas through the fluid, or as a blanket over the bath fluid, reduces darkening (oxidation) of the bath fluid.6.2 Foaming Test Apparatus, 1000-mL graduated cylinder (of cylinders meeting Specification E1272 Class B tolerancerequirement o
35、f 66 mL and having at least graduations of 10 mL), fitted with a device to overcome buoyancy if a liquid bath isFIG. 2 Typical Liquid BathD6082 123used and modified to have a circular top. It shall be capable of withstanding the extreme temperature conditions of this test method.NOTE 4It may be nece
36、ssary to confirm the volume of the cylinder.NOTE 5A heavy metal ring large enough to fit over the outside and rest on the bottom of the cylinder has been found to be suitable to overcomebuoyancy.NOTE 6Graduated cylinders having a pouring spout can be prepared for this test method by making a horizon
37、tal cut below the spout and removingthe part above the cut. The cut edges of the cylinder should be fire-polished or smoothed by grinding.6.3 Flow Meter and Regulator, calibrated and capable of maintaining air flow volume of 200 6 5 mL/min.6.3.1 A gas volume meter graduated in hundredths of a litre,
38、 or a technically equivalent flow measuring device, with sufficientcapacity to measure a flow rate of at least 6000 mL/min, while generating a back pressure of no more than 10 mm of water, isrequired.6.4 Laboratory Oven, without fan, capable of maintaining 49 6 1C.6.5 Stirrer, capable of 500 rpm 6 1
39、00 rpm, fitted with a 3.81 cm, 3-blade, 1.5-pitch marine propeller.6.6 Stainless Steel Diffuser, 5 m stainless steel diffuser meeting the specifications of pore size 15 to 60 m and permeabilitybetween 3000 to 6000 mL/min when tested according to the method given in Annex A1 (see Fig. 3).6.6.1 Calibr
40、ation verification of new diffusers and calibration after each set (10 samples or less) of evaluations is required.6.7 Thermometer, or other temperature sensing device capable of measuring 150 6 0.2C.AnASTM thermometer SpecificationE1 No. 41C-86, or equivalent, is suitable. , or other temperature se
41、nsing device capable of measuring 150 6 0.2C.6.7.1 Digital thermometers with a minimum accuracy of 0.1% of reading 0.5C (1F) with 0.1 resolution throughout range, andJ, K, and T type thermocouples probe style compatible have been found suitable for operation with either liquid or air foam baths.6.7.
42、2 A low noise iron-constantan J type thermocouple probe 457 mm (18 in.) in length, constructed of a 304 s/s sheath, witha glass-filled nylon connector body rated from -29 to 220C immersed in the sample at a minimum of 100 mm has been foundsuitable for operation with either liquid or air foam baths.F
43、IG. 3 Gas Diffuser and Air Tube DimensionsD6082 1246.8 Timing Device, capable of measuring minutes and seconds (61 s).6.9 High Speed Blender, with a container capacity of one litre, capable of maintaining a speed of 22 000 rpm (62000).7. Reagents7.1 Purity of ReagentsReagent grade chemicals shall be
44、 used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that allreagents conform to the specifications of the Committee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society where suchspecifications are available.4Other grades may be used, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent i
45、s of sufficiently high purityto permit its use without lessening the accuracy of the determination.7.2 Acetone,(WarningExtremely flammable. Vapors may cause flash fire.)7.3 Compressed Air, hydrocarbon free and dry to a dew point of 60C or lower.7.4 Heptane,(WarningFlammable. Vapor harmful.)7.5 Propa
46、n-2-ol,(WarningFlammable. Vapor harmful.)7.6 Toluene,(WarningFlammable. Vapor harmful.)NOTE 7Solvents with equivalent cleaning characteristics can be substituted for toluene.8. Hazards8.1 (WarningUsers of this test method shall be fully trained and familiar with all normal laboratory practice, or un
47、der theimmediate supervision of such a person. It is the responsibility of the operator to ensure that all local legislative and statutoryrequirements are met.)8.2 (WarningCleaning solvents have flash points lower than usual laboratory ambient temperatures. Avoid the possibility ofa fire or explosio
48、n.)8.3 (WarningThe fumes from the test oil and bath must be vented in a manner compatible with local environmentalregulations.)8.4 (WarningSome apparatus assemblies can have as much as 20 Lof bath oil at 150C. Therefore, in the event of a breakageof the containing vessel, suitable containment of the
49、 spill is advisable.)9. Preparation of Apparatus9.1 Thorough cleansing of the test cylinder, gas diffuser, and air-inlet tube is essential after each use to remove any additiveremaining from previous tests which can seriously interfere with results of subsequent tests.9.1.1 CylinderRinse the cylinder with heptane (WarningFlammable. Vapor harmful), followed by directing a current ofcompressed air into the cylinder. Wash the cylinder with a suitable detergent. Rinse the cylinder in turn with distilled water,
