1、Designation: D6201 04 (Reapproved 2014)Standard Test Method forDynamometer Evaluation of Unleaded Spark-Ignition EngineFuel for Intake Valve Deposit Formation1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6201; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal ado
2、ption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers an engine dynamometer testprocedure for evaluat
3、ion of intake valve deposit formation ofunleaded spark-ignition engine fuels.2This test method uses aFord Ranger 2.3 L four-cylinder engine. This test methodincludes detailed information regarding the procedure,hardware, and operations.1.2 The ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC)3is respon-sible for en
4、gine test stand calibration as well as issuance ofinformation letters after test method modifications are ap-proved by Subcommittee D02.A0 and Committee D02. Usersof this test method shall request copies of recent informationletters from the TMC to ensure proper conduct of the testmethod.1.3 The val
5、ues stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The values in parentheses are provided for informa-tion only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate
6、safety and health practices and determine applicabilityof regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning state-ments are given throughout this test method.1.5 This test method is arranged as follows:Subject SectionScope 1Referenced Documents 2Terminology 3Summary of Test Method 4Significance
7、and Use 5Apparatus 6Laboratory Facilities 6.1Engine and Cylinder Head Build-Up and Measurement Area 6.1.1Subject SectionEngine Operating Area 6.1.2Fuel Injector Testing Area 6.1.3Intake Valve Rinsing and Parts Cleaning Area 6.1.4Parts Rating and Intake Valve Weighing Area 6.1.5Test Stand Laboratory
8、Equipment 6.2Test Stand Configuration 6.2.1Dynamometer Speed and Load Control System 6.2.2Intake Air Supply System 6.2.3Exhaust System 6.2.4Fuel Supply System 6.2.5Engine Control Calibration 6.2.6Ignition System 6.2.7Engine Coolant System 6.2.8External Oil System 6.2.9Temperature Measurement Equipme
9、nt and Locations 6.2.10Pressure Measurement Equipment and Locations 6.2.11Flow Measurement Equipment and Locations 6.2.12Speed and Load Measurement Equipment and Locations 6.2.13Exhaust Emissions Measurement Equipment and Location 6.2.14DPFE (EGR) Voltage Measurement Equipment and Location 6.2.15Ign
10、ition Timing Measurement Equipment and Location 6.2.16Test Engine Hardware 6.3Test Engine Parts 6.3.1New Parts Required 6.3.2Reusable Engine Parts 6.3.3Special Measurement and Assembly Equipment 6.4Reagents and Materials 7Hazards 8Reference Fuel 9Preparation of Apparatus 10Test Stand Preparation 10.
11、1Engine Block Preparation 10.2Preparation of Miscellaneous Engine Components 10.3Cylinder Head Preparation 10.4Cylinder Head Assembly 10.5Cylinder Head Installation 10.6Final Engine Assembly 10.7Calibration 11Test Stand Calibration 11.1Instrumentation Calibration 11.2Procedure 12Pretest Procedure 12
12、.1Engine Operating Procedure 12.2Periodic Measurements and Functions 12.3End of Test Procedures 12.4Determination of Test Results 13Post-Test Intake Valve Weighing Procedure 13.1Photographs of PartsGeneral 13.2Induction System Rating 13.3Determination of Test Validity-Engine Conformance 13.4Report 1
13、4Precision and Bias 15Keywords 16AnnexesDetailed Specifications and Photographs of Apparatus Annex A11This test method is under jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on PetroleumProducts, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-mittee D02.A0.01 on Gasoline and Gasoline-O
14、xygenate Blends.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2014. Published November 2014. Originallyapproved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D6201 04 (2009).DOI: 10.1520/D6201-04R14.2Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research
15、 Report RR:D02-1453.3ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC), 6555 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA15206-4489.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1Subject SectionEngine Part Number Listing Annex A2Statistical Equations for Mean and St
16、andard Deviation Annex A32. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:4D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products atAtmospheric PressureD235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)D287 Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum andPetroleu
17、m Products (Hydrometer Method)D381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evapo-rationD525 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Gasoline (In-duction Period Method)D873 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Aviation Fuels(Potential Residue Method)D1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Prod
18、ucts (LampMethod)D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or APIGravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod-ucts by Hydrometer MethodD1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petro-leum Products by Fluorescent Indicator AdsorptionD1744 Test Method for Determination of Water
19、in LiquidPetroleum Products by Karl Fischer ReagentD2427 Test Method for Determination of C2through C5Hydrocarbons in Gasolines by Gas ChromatographyD2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products byWavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD3237 Test Method for Lead in Gasoline byAtom
20、icAbsorp-tion SpectroscopyD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and PetroleumProducts by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spec-trometryD4814 Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition EngineFuelD4953 Test Method for Vapor
21、Pressure of Gasoline andGasoline-Oxygenate Blends (Dry Method)D5059 Test Methods for Lead in Gasoline by X-Ray Spec-troscopyD5190 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-ucts (Automatic Method) (Withdrawn 2012)5D5191 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-ucts (Mini Method)D5302 T
22、est Method for Evaluation of Automotive EngineOils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation and Wear in aSpark-Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fueled withGasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-Duty Conditions (Withdrawn 2003)5D5482 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-ucts (Mi
23、ni MethodAtmospheric)E203 Test Method for Water Using Volumetric Karl FischerTitrationE1064 Test Method for Water in Organic Liquids by Coulo-metric Karl Fischer Titration2.2 ANSI Standard:6MC96.1 Temperature Measurement-Thermocouples2.3 Coordinating Research Council (CRC):7CRC Manual 16, Carburetor
24、 and Induction System RatingManual2.4 SAE Standard:8J254 Instrumentation and Techniques for Exhaust Gas Emis-sions Measurement3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 base fuel, nunleaded automotive spark-ignition en-gine fuel that does not contain a deposit control add
25、itive, butmay contain antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors, metaldeactivators, dyes, or oxygenates, or a combination thereof.3.1.2 blowby, nthe combustion products and unburnedair/fuel mixture that enter the crankcase.3.1.3 deposit control additive, nmaterial added to the basefuel to prevent or remove
26、 deposits in the entire engine intakesystem.3.1.3.1 DiscussionFor the purpose of this test method, theperformance evaluation of a deposit control additive is limitedto the tulip area of intake valves.3.1.4 exhaust emissions, ncombustion products from thetest fuel including unburned hydrocarbons (HC)
27、, carbon mon-oxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), unreacted oxygen (O2), andoxides of nitrogen (NOx).3.1.5 intake system, ncomponents of the engine whosefunction it is to prepare and deliver an air/fuel mixture to thecombustion chamber and includes the throttle, intake manifold,exhaust gas recirculatio
28、n (EGR) and positive crankcase venti-lation (PCV) ports, cylinder head runners and ports, intakevalves, and fuel injectors.3.1.6 intake valve deposit, nmaterial accumulated on thetulip area of the intake valve, generally composed of carbon,other fuel, lubricant, and additive decomposition products,
29、andatmospheric contaminants.3.1.7 test fuel, nbase fuel with or without the addition ofa deposit control additive.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method utilizes a 1994 Ford 2.3 L in-line, fourcylinder, Ford Ranger truck engine with 49 state emission4For referenced ASTM standards, visit the A
30、STM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.5The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.6Available from Amer
31、ican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.7Available from the Coordinating Research Council, Inc., 3650 Mansell Road,Suite 140, Alpharetta, GA 30022.8Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 CommonwealthDr., Warrendale
32、, PA 15096-0001.D6201 04 (2014)2calibration. The cylinder block and cylinder head are con-structed of cast iron. The engine features an overheadcamshaft, a cross-flow, fast burn cylinder head design, andelectronic port fuel injection.4.2 Each test engine is built to a rigid set of specificationsusin
33、g a specially designated intake valve deposit parts kitproduced by the Ford Motor Co. (see Table A2.3). New,weighed, intake valves are used to rebuild the cylinder head.Astandard engine oil is used for each test and a new oil filter isinstalled. The test engine is subjected to a rigorous qualitycont
34、rol procedure to verify proper engine operation. To ensurecompliance with the test objective, data acquisition of keyparameters is utilized during test operation.4.3 The complete fuel system is flushed of test fuel from theprevious test. The fuel system is then filled with the new testfuel.4.4 The e
35、ngine is operated on a cycle consisting of twostages. The first stage comprises operating the engine at 2000r/min and 30.6 kPa (230 mm Hg) manifold absolute pressurefor 4 min. The second stage comprises operating the engine at2800 r/min and 71.8 kPa (540 mm Hg) manifold absolutepressure for 8 min. R
36、amp time between each stage is 30 s andis independent of the stage times. The cycle is repeated for 100h.5. Significance and Use5.1 Test MethodThe Coordinating Research Councilsponsored testing to develop this test method to evaluate afuels tendency to form intake valve deposits.5.1.1 State and Fede
37、ral Legislative and RegulatoryActionRegulatory action by California Air Resources Board(CARB)9and the United States Environmental ProtectionAgency (EPA)10necessitate the acceptance of a standardizedtest method to evaluate the intake system deposit formingtendency of an automotive spark-ignition engi
38、ne fuel.5.1.2 Relevance of ResultsThe operating conditions anddesign of the engine used in this test method are not represen-tative of all engines. These factors shall be considered wheninterpreting test results.5.2 Test Validity:5.2.1 Procedural ComplianceThe test results are not con-sidered valid
39、unless the test is completed in compliance with allrequirements of this test method. Deviations from the param-eter limits presented in Sections 1214will result in an invalidtest. Apply engineering judgment during conduct of the testmethod when assessing any anomalies to ensure validity of thetest r
40、esults.5.2.2 Engine ComplianceA test is not considered validunless the test engine meets the quality control inspectionrequirements as described in Sections 10 and 12.6. ApparatusNOTE 1Photographs are provided in AnnexA1 depicting the requiredapparatus and suggesting appropriate design details.6.1 L
41、aboratory Facilities:6.1.1 Engine and Cylinder Head Build-up and MeasurementAreaThe engine and cylinder head build-up and measure-ment area shall be reasonably free from contaminants andmaintained at a uniform temperature 63C (65F) between 10to 27C (50 to 80F).6.1.2 Engine Operating AreaThe engine o
42、perating areashould be relatively free from contaminants. The temperatureand humidity level of the operating area are not specified. Airfrom a fan can be routed on to the production air intake systemto assist in maintaining intake air temperature control.6.1.3 Fuel Injector Testing AreaThe fuel inje
43、ctor testingarea shall be reasonably free of contaminants. The humidityshould be maintained at a uniform comfortable level.(Warning In addition to other precautions, provide adequateventilation and fire protection in areas where flammable orvolatile liquids and solvents, or both, are used.)6.1.4 Int
44、ake Valve Rinsing and Parts Cleaning AreaTheintake valve rinsing and parts cleaning area shall be reasonablyfree of contaminants. The humidity should be maintained at auniform comfortable level. Because of the delicate nature ofthe deposits, do not subject the deposits to extreme changes intemperatu
45、re or humidity. (Warning In addition to otherprecautions, provide adequate ventilation and fire protection inareas where flammable or volatile liquids and solvents, or both,are used.)6.1.5 Parts Rating and Intake Valve Weighing AreaTheparts rating area and the intake valve weighing area shall bereas
46、onably free of contaminants.6.2 Test Stand Laboratory Equipment:6.2.1 Test Stand ConfigurationAn example of a similartest stand configuration is described in Test Method D5302(Sequence VE lubricant test method) since the same Ford 2.3L base engine is utilized. Mount the engine on the test stand soth
47、at the flywheel friction face is 4.0 6 0.5 from the verticalwith the front of the engine higher than the rear. The engineshall be coupled directly to the dynamometer through adriveshaft. A test stand set-up kit is detailed in Table A2.1.Aspecial “dynamometer laboratory” wiring harness, Part No.DTSC.
48、260.113.00E is required. Engine driven accessoriesinclude engine water pump and alternator or idler pulleyconfiguration as detailed in 10.7.9. If an alternator is installed,it is to serve only as an idler pulley; it is not to be energized.6.2.2 Dynamometer Speed and Load Control SystemThedynamometer
49、 used for this test is the Midwest 1014, 175horsepower, dry gap dynamometer or equivalent. Equivalencymeans that the dynamometer and dynamometer control systemshall be capable of controlling the procedural specifications asdetailed in Table 1 and the stage transitions to the specificationsin 13.4.3.1 and 13.4.4.1.6.2.3 Intake Air Supply SystemThe intake air supplysystem shall be capable of controlling moisture content, drybulb temperature, and inlet air pressure as specified in Table 1.See 10.7.8 and Fig. A1.4 for details of connection of thelaborat
