1、Designation: D6475 17Standard Test Method forMeasuring Mass per Unit Area of Erosion Control Blankets1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6475; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revis
2、ion. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method can be used as an index test todetermine the mass per unit area of all erosion control blankets(ECBs).1.2 All o
3、bserved and calculated values shall conform to theguidelines for significant digits and rounding established inPractice D6026.1.2.1 The method used to specify collection, calculation, orrecording of data in this test method is not directly related tothe accuracy to which the data can be applied in d
4、esign or otheruses or both. Application of the results obtained using this testmethod is beyond its scope.1.3 UnitsThe values stated in SI units are to be regardedas the standard. No other units of measurement are included inthis standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafet
5、y concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to Text
6、ilesD653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and ContainedFluidsD3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for AgenciesEngaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock asUsed in Engineering Design and ConstructionD4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and RolledErosion Control Products (RECP
7、s) for TestingD4439 Terminology for GeosyntheticsD5261 Test Method for Measuring Mass per Unit Area ofGeotextilesD6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in GeotechnicalDataE145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-Ventilation OvensE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias
8、inASTM Test MethodsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method2.2 Erosion Control Technology Council Standard:3Technical Guidance Manual, Terminology and Index TestingProcedures for Rolled Erosion Control Products3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor o
9、ther terminology, see TerminologiesD123, D653, and D4439.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 erosion control blanket, ECB, ndegradable material,composed primarily of processed natural organic materials,manufactured or fabricated into rolls designed to reduce soilerosion and assi
10、st in the growth, establishment, and protectionof vegetation.3.2.2 erosion control net, ECN, nplanar woven naturalfiber or extruded geosynthetic mesh used as a component in themanufacture of ECBs.3.2.3 index test, ntest procedure that may be used toestablish an order for a set of specimens with resp
11、ect to theproperty of interest.3.2.4 lot, nunit of production, or a group of other units orpackages, taken for sampling or statistical examination, havingone or more common properties and being readily separablefrom other similar units.3.2.5 natural, adjdescribes a class of various generalfibers of
12、animal or vegetable origin.3.2.6 polymer, nchemical compound or mixture of com-pounds formed by polymerization and consisting essentially ofrepeating structural units.3.2.7 sample, nportion of material that is taken for testingor recording purposes and used in the laboratory as a source ofindividual
13、 specimens.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 onSoil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.25 on Erosion andSediment Control Technology.Current edition approved Feb. 15, 2017. Published March 2017. Originallyapproved in 1999. Last previous editio
14、n approved in 2006 as D647506, which waswithdrawn January 2015 and reinstated in February 2017. DOI: 10.1520/D6475-17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer t
15、o the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from ISO Case Postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with
16、internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.13.2.8 temporary degradable, nerosion contro
17、l blanketcomposed of biologically, photochemically, or otherwise de-gradable materials that temporarily reduce soil erosion andenhances the establishment of vegetation.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The mass per unit area of an ECB is determined byweighing test specimens of known dimensions cut fromva
18、rious locations over the full width of the laboratory sample.The measured weight is then used to calculate the mass per unitarea of the specimen, and these values are averaged to obtainthe mean mass per unit area of the laboratory sample.4.2 This test method requires several hours for properdrying o
19、f the specimen in an oven at high temperature.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is used to determine if the ECB meetsspecifications for mass per unit area. This measurement allowsfor a simple control of the delivered material by a comparisonof the mass per unit area of the delivered materi
20、al and thespecified mass per unit area.5.2 The procedure in this test method may be used foracceptance testing of commercial shipments, but caution isadvised since information about between-laboratory precisionis incomplete.5.3 Testing under this standard shall conform to the require-ments of Practi
21、ce D3740.6. Apparatus6.1 Balance, weighing device, calibrated, capable of weigh-ing to an accuracy of 0.1 g.6.2 Drying Oven, thermostatically controlled, preferably ofthe forced-draft type, meeting the requirements of Specifica-tion E145 and capable of maintaining a uniform temperature of50 6 5C thr
22、oughout the drying chamber.6.3 Specimen Trays, made of material resistant to corrosionand change in mass upon repeated heating, cooling, exposureto materials of varying pH, and cleaning big enough to hold1000 cm3specimen and able to handle temperature swing from50C to room temperature.6.4 Container
23、Handling Apparatus, gloves, tongs, or suit-able holder for moving and handling hot trays after drying.7. Sampling7.1 Lot SampleDivide the test specimens into lots and, forthe lot to be tested, take the lot samples in accordance withPractice D4354.7.2 Laboratory SampleConsider the units in the lotsam
24、ple as the units in the laboratory sample. For the laboratorysample, take a full-width swatch of sufficient length along theselvage so that the requirements of 7.2.3 can be met.7.2.1 The laboratory sample should be free from imperfec-tions and characteristics not representative of the materialsample
25、d.7.2.2 As most ECBs are constructed from several compo-nent materials, sampling of the bulk product shall be performedso as to maintain the structural integrity of the product. This istrue not only for generating a test sample, but also for thegeneration of individual test specimens from the sample
26、 fortesting. Careless handling of materials may result in loss ofcomponent fibers, yarns, netting, or stitching, or a combinationthereof, and a bias of test results. Note any loss of materialcomponents observed during sample and test specimen prepa-ration.7.2.3 The number of test specimens shall be
27、a minimum offive, cut in square or rectangular configuration using sharpshears, so that they are representative of the entire roll widthand with a combined total minimum area of 5000 cm2. Eachtest specimen shall be equal in area (not less than 1000 cm2inaccordance with Test Method D5261). Cut each t
28、est specimenusing a jig or template to ensure uniformity of size, with anaccuracy of 60.5 % of its area.7.2.4 Cut specimens from across each third of the roll width.Do not cut specimens from the first or last 3 m of the rolllength, or from within 10 cm of the edges of the roll.7.2.5 For test specime
29、ns prepared in the field, larger thanminimum-sized test specimens will be required to stay withinthe cutting accuracy of 0.5 %. It is recommended that field cutspecimens be cut with an area not less than 1500 cm2, so thatthe integrity of the specimen will be preserved until finalspecimen sizes can b
30、e prepared in the testing laboratory.7.2.6 Some products vary in physical properties in thetransverse or machine direction. For that reason, it is appro-priate to secure samples from across the roll width.7.2.7 Procedures found to be successful for cutting testspecimens from rolled erosion control p
31、roducts include the useof bags and slip supports to keep all components of degradablespecimens together during the sample preparation. The methodof specimen cutting should be included with the reported data.7.2.8 If the structure of the erosion control blanket is suchthat the specified test specimen
32、 size is not representative of thelaboratory sample, a larger size shall be agreed upon betweenthe purchaser and the supplier.7.2.9 All samples shall be marked with identificationinformation, including manufacturers name, style, or productnumber, unique roll number, and date sampled.7.2.10 Most conf
33、ormance testing requires the laboratory tosample the material randomly across the roll width. When thisis required, a section of material representing the entire rollshall be provided.Alternately, cut panels can be used as long asthey represent random locations across the width of the roll.Mark each
34、 panel for identification.7.2.11 If samples are to be shipped or transported to thelaboratory, they should be wrapped in a durable protectivecovering so as to prevent damage or loss or both of componentmaterials. Provide a packing list or chain of custody to indicatewhere the sample came from and in
35、structions for testing orother handling.8. Procedure8.1 Determine and record the mass of the clean and dryspecimen tray on a calibrated balance to the nearest 0.1 g.Record this value as Mc.D6475 1728.2 Select representative test specimens in accordance withSection 7.8.3 Place the specimen on the spe
36、cimen tray.8.4 To prevent mixing of specimens and yielding of incor-rect results, number all trays and record the tray numbers onthe laboratory data sheets.8.5 Place the tray with the test specimen in the drying oven.Dry the specimen to a constant mass. Maintain the drying ovenat 50 6 5C unless othe
37、rwise specified. The time required toobtain constant mass will vary depending on the type ofmaterial, size of specimen, moisture content in the as-deliveredcondition, and other factors. The influence of these factorsgenerally can be established by good judgment, experiencewith the materials being te
38、sted, and the apparatus being used.8.6 Since the type of materials being tested is lightweightand organic in nature, drying time required to achieve constantmass should be relatively short. Dry for a minimum of8horuntil the change in mass after two successive periods (greaterthan 1 h) of drying is l
39、ess than 0.1 %.8.7 After the specimen has dried to constant mass asprescribed in 8.6, remove the tray from the oven usingappropriate safety gloves or tongs. In order that the weight ofthe dried specimen not be affected as a result of moistureabsorption, place the tray on the balance and weigh thespe
40、cimen within 5 min after removal from the oven.8.8 Determine the mass of the tray with the dried specimento the nearest 0.1 g using the same calibrated balance as in 8.1.Record this value as Mt.8.9 Repeat this procedure for each test specimen.9. Calculation9.1 Calculate the mass of the specimen Ms,
41、in grams, asfollows:Ms 5 Mt 2 Mc (1)where:Mt = mass of the dried specimen, g, andMc = mass of the specimen tray, g.9.2 Calculate the mass per unit area of each of the speci-mens as follows:m 5 Ms 310000/A (2)where:m = mass per unit area, rounded to the nearest 0.1 g/m2, andA = area of the specimen,
42、cm2.9.3 Calculate the average and standard deviation of the massper unit area results for the samples tested.10. Report10.1 Report the following information:10.1.1 Type of ECB tested, sampling method used, the testspecimen size, shape, and the number of test specimens tested,10.1.2 The average mass
43、per unit area and standard devia-tion to three significant figures, and10.1.3 Report the mass of lost components in the finalreport.10.2 Examples of Significant DigitsSee Table 1.10.3 A statement of any departures from the testing proce-dures so that the results can be evaluated.11. Precision and Bi
44、as11.1 The precision of this test method is based on aninterlaboratory study (ILS) of this test method conducted in2013. Eight laboratories participated in this study. Each of thelaboratories reported three replicate test results for a single typeof double net blanket. One laboratory also reported f
45、ourreplicates for an additional five products to determine repeat-ability better. Every “test result” reported represents an indi-vidual determination. Except for the ultimate use of data fromonly seven laboratories, Practice E691 was followed for thedesign and analysis of the data; the details are
46、given in ASTMResearch Report No. D18-1023.411.1.1 Repeatability (r)The difference between repetitiveresults obtained by the same operator in a given laboratoryapplying the same test method with the same apparatus underconstant operating conditions on identical test material withinshort intervals of
47、time would, in the long run, in the normal andcorrect operation of the test method, exceed the followingvalues only in 1 case in 20.11.1.1.1 Repeatability can be interpreted as the maximumdifference between two results obtained under repeatabilityconditions that is accepted as plausible because of r
48、andomcauses under normal and correct operation of the test method.11.1.1.2 Repeatability limits are listed in Table 2.11.1.2 Reproducibility (R)The difference between twosingle and independent results obtained by different operatorsapplying the same test method in different laboratories usingdiffere
49、nt apparatus on identical test material would, in the longrun, in the normal and correct operation of the test method,exceed the following values only in 1 case in 20.11.1.2.1 Reproducibility can be interpreted as the maximumdifference between two results obtained under reproducibilityconditions that is accepted as plausible because of randomcauses under normal and correct operation of the test method.11.1.2.2 Reproducibility limits are listed in Table 2.11.1.3 The above terms (repeatability limit and reproduc-ibility limit) are used as specified in Practice E177.
