1、Designation: D6594 13D6594 14Standard Test Method forEvaluation of Corrosiveness of Diesel Engine Oil at 135 C1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6594; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of l
2、ast revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONAny properly equipped laboratory, without outside assistance, can use the procedure described inthis test method. Howev
3、er, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC)2 provides reference oils and anassessment of the test results obtained on those oils by the laboratory (see AnnexA1). By these means,the laboratory will know whether their use of the test method gives results statistically similar to thoseobtained by other l
4、aboratories. Furthermore, various agencies require that a laboratory utilize theTMCservices in seeking qualification of oils against specifications. For example, the U.S. Army imposessuch a requirement in connection with several Army engine lubricating oil specifications.Accordingly, this test metho
5、d is written for use by laboratories that utilize the TMC services.Laboratories that choose not to use those services may simply ignore those portions of the test methodthat refer to the TMC.This test method may be modified by means of information letters issued by the TMC. In addition,the TMC may i
6、ssue supplementary memoranda related to the method (see Annex A1). For otherinformation, refer to the research report of this test method.31. Scope*1.1 This test method covers testing diesel engine lubricants to determine their tendency to corrode various metals, specificallyalloys of lead and coppe
7、r commonly used in cam followers and bearings.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibil
8、ityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:4D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip TestD5185 Test Me
9、thod for Multielement Determination of Used and Unused Lubricating Oils and Base Oils by InductivelyCoupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)D5844 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Rusting (Sequence IID) (Withdrawn 2003)5D6557 Test Method for Evaluati
10、on of Rust Preventive Characteristics of Automotive Engine Oils3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.B0.02 on Heavy Duty Engine
11、Oils.Current edition approved May 1, 2013May 1, 2014. Published May 2013May 2014. Originally approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 20082013 asD6594 08.D6594 13. DOI: 10.1520/D6594-13.10.1520/D6594-14.2 The ASTM Test Monitoring Center will update changes in this test method by means of
12、Information Letters. This edition incorporates revisions contained in allInformation Letters through 07-1.131. Information Letters may be obtained from theASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 PennAve., Pittsburgh, PA15206-4489,Attention:Administrator.3 Supporting data have been filed at ASTM Internatio
13、nal Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1443.4 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on
14、 the ASTM website.5 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be techni
15、cally possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this s
16、tandardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.1 corrosion, nthe chemical or electrochemical reaction between a material, usually a metal surface, and its environmentthat can produce a deterioration of the material and its
17、 properties. D58443.1.2 developer, nof an ASTM test method, the assigned ASTM group, working under the supervision of its governingsubcommittee and main committee, that formats the test method in accordance with the Form and Style forASTM Standards, andcontinually refines the test method.3.1.3 devel
18、oper, nof a test procedure, an individual or organization that selects the test apparatus and operating conditions.3.1.4 non-reference oil, nany oil other than a reference oil; such as a research formulation, commercial oil, or candidate oil.D58443.1.5 reference oil, nan oil of known performance cha
19、racteristics, used as a basis for comparison. D58443.1.5.1 DiscussionReference oils are used to calibrate testing facilities, to compare the performance of other oils, or to evaluate other materials (suchas seals) that interact with oils.3.1.6 specimen, na piece or portion of a sample used to make a
20、 test.3.1.7 sponsor, nof an ASTM test method, an organization that is responsible for ensuring supply of the apparatus used in thetest procedure portion of the test method.3.1.7.1 DiscussionIn some instances, such as a test method for chemical analysis, an ASTM working group can be the sponsor of a
21、test method. Inother instances, a company with a self-interest may or may not be the developer of the test procedure used within the test method,but is the sponsor of the test method.3.1.8 test oil, nany oil subjected to evaluation in an established procedure. D65574. Summary of Test Method4.1 Four
22、metal specimens of copper, lead, tin, and phosphor bronze are immersed in a measured amount of engine oil. The oil,at an elevated temperature, is blown with air for a period of time. When the test is completed, the copper specimen and the stressedoil are examined to detect corrosion and corrosion pr
23、oducts, respectively.4.2 A reference oil is tested with each group of tests to verify test acceptability.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is intended to simulate the corrosion process of non-ferrous metals in diesel lubricants. The corrosionprocess under investigation is that believed to
24、be induced primarily by inappropriate lubricant chemistry rather than lubricantdegradation or contamination. This test method has been found to correlate with an extensive fleet database containingcorrosion-induced cam and bearing failures.36. Apparatus6.1 The main apparatus consists of the followin
25、g items of standard wall borosilicate glassware as shown in Figs. 1-6.6.1.1 Main Sample Tube, Fig. 1.6.1.2 Sample Tube Head, Fig. 2.6.1.3 Air Tube, Fig. 3.6.1.4 Thermocouple Tube, Fig. 4.6.1.5 Condenser, Allihn Type, Fig. 5.6.1.6 Assembled Apparatus, Fig. 6.6.2 Additional glassware items and assembl
26、y accessories needed are:6.2.1 Hanger (for metal specimens), of stainless steel, having the dimensions listed in Fig. 7.6.2.2 Adapter, polytetrafluoroethylene for 10/18 joint for sealing of the air tube to the sample tube head.6.3 Other items and equipment are:6.3.1 Heating bath, with constant tempe
27、rature control within60.5 C of test temperature with an immersion depth of (23 to 35)cm. Oil baths are recommended. (WarningThere are exposed hot surfaces on apparatus.Avoid skin contact by use of protectiveequipment.)6.3.2 Ventilation, to adequately remove fumes during heating.6.3.3 Air Supply, use
28、 air from a clean, dry source.D6594 1426.3.3.1 An air drier is required when air needs to be conditioned. The method used is optional provided the air characteristicsof 6.3.3 are attained. For drying, a satisfactory method is the use of a glass column containing 8-mesh anhydrous calcium sulfatewith
29、a column diameter such that velocity of air does not exceed 1.2 m/min.6.3.4 Flowmeter, capable of measuring (10 6 1) L/h.6.3.5 Syringe, capable of accurately measuring out 100 mL of liquid.6.3.6 Oven, optional, to dry glassware at elevated temperature.6.3.7 Forceps, stainless steel; or gloves (powde
30、r free).FIG. 1 Sample TubeFIG. 2 Sample Tube HeadD6594 1436.3.8 Thermocouple, or equivalent. Use sheathed thermocouple when the thermocouple is in direct contact with oil. When athermocouple well is used, use a sheathed or unsheathed thermocouple in the well to control sample temperature; fill therm
31、ocouplewell with a heat transfer medium.6.3.9 Sanding Block and Holder, for specimen preparation.FIG. 3 Air TubeFIG. 4 Thermocouple TubeD6594 1447. Reagents and Materials7.1 Purity of ReagentsUse reagent grade chemicals in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that all reagentsconfor
32、m to the specifications maintained by the Committee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society.67.2 Metal Specimens7,86 Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For Suggestions on the testing of reagents not listed bythe Ame
33、rican Chemical Society, see Annual Standards for Laboratory Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia and NationalFormulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville, MD.7 Obtain metal specimens from Test Engineering, Inc. (TEI), 12718 Cimarron Path, S
34、an Antonio, TX 78249-3423.FIG. 5 Condenser, Allihn TypeFIG. 6 Assembled ApparatusD6594 1457.2.1 Specimens are 0.081 cm thick by 2.5 cm square, except the lead specimen that is 0.178 cm thick. One specimen from eachof the following metal types, each with two drilled holes, is required:7.2.1.1 Copper
35、(R401-A),7.2.1.2 Lead (R401-lead),7.2.1.3 Tin (R401-tin), and7.2.1.4 Phosphor Bronze (R401-PBz).7.3 Abrasive Paper,9 240-grit aluminum oxide and 400-grit silicon carbide. Do not use iron-containing abrasives such as naturalemery.7.4 Cotton, 100 %.7.5 Acetone (ACS), sulfur free. (WarningFlammable. He
36、alth hazard.)7.6 Glassware Cleaning Solution, NOCHROMIX.Contrad (trademark) 70.10,8 (WarningCauses severe burns.)Healthhazard.)7.7 Heptane. (WarningFlammable. Health hazard.)7.8 Cleaning SolventCyclohexane or heptane, industrial grade. (WarningBoth are flammable and health hazards.)7.9 Reference Oil
37、.28. Preparation of Apparatus8.1 Cleaning:8.1.1 Rinse all items and the air tube adapter with cleaning solvent to remove residual oil, and air-dry.8.1.2 Wash all glassware items and the air tube adapter with detergent. Rinse with tap water, distilled water, and dry.8.1.3 The following more thorough
38、glassware cleaning procedure can be used, if it is required for a given situation:8.1.3.1 Fill and immerse all glassware items with glassware cleaning solution (see 7.6) and soak for (3 to 16) h.(WarningCorrosive, causes severe burns.)8.1.3.2 Remove glassware from cleaning solution; rinse several ti
39、mes with tap water, followed by distilled water, and oven-dry.8.1.3.3 This more thorough glass cleaning procedure is necessary in a referee situation, unless an alternative glassware cleaningsolution is available that is satisfactory to all parties involved.8.2 Assembled Apparatus, shown in Fig. 6.8
40、 The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time is noted in the adjoining footnote. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please providethis information toASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the respon
41、sible technical committee,1 which you mayattend.9 Suitable abrasive paper meeting these specifications is included with the metal specimens when the specimens are ordered.10 Obtain NOCHROMIX from Godax Laboratories, Inc., 720-B ErieAvenue, Takoma Park, MD 20912.Contrad 70 is available from Decon Lab
42、oratories, Inc., 460 GlennieCircle, King of Prussia, PA 19406, (800) 3326647.NOTE 1All dimensions in mm.FIG. 7 Specimen HangerD6594 1468.3 Preparation of Metal Specimens:8.3.1 In all succeeding steps, handle the specimens only with stainless steel forceps or powder-free gloves until the finalweighin
43、g. If large defects or particles are present on the metal specimens, remove them first using coarse sandpaper, followed bypolishing with the 240 and 400-grit abrasive papers, as described in 8.3.2.8.3.2 Remove any burrs from the drilled holes with a 1.5113 mm, #53 (drill wire gauge) drill bit. Using
44、 a sanding block witha specimen holder, remove all surface blemishes from both sides and all four edges of each specimen with 240-grit abrasive paper.Finish polishing with 400-grit paper wetted by acetone to remove marks from previous polishing.8.3.2.1 Agood technique is to rub the specimen with lon
45、gitudinal strokes in a direction perpendicular to that used with 240-gritpaper. Use a different sheet of paper for each metal type.8.3.2.2 Make sure that the specimen edges are polished in the same manner as the surfaces. Carry out this procedure usingnormal room lighting and without magnification o
46、f the specimen surface. Do not scribe or otherwise mark the surfaces.8.3.3 Store the polished metal specimens in acetone.8.3.4 Just prior to a test start, remove each specimen from the acetone, and clean all metal dust from the specimen using 100 %cotton. Rub with a light-to-medium touch to remove p
47、articles but do not polish the specimen further.8.3.5 Wash specimens in acetone, and allow them to dry in a desiccator.9. Procedure9.1 Add (100 6 1) mL of oil to the sample tube by syringe.9.2 Place the specimen hanger onto the air tube, and hang test specimens on their respective hooks.9.2.1 Arrang
48、e the specimens on the hanger in the sequence: lead, copper, tin, and phosphor bronze.9.3 Insert the air tube with the attached specimens into the sample tube so that the air tube rests on the bottom of the sampletube.9.4 Place the sample tube head on the sample tube.9.5 Place the assembled sample t
49、ube and condenser into the bath so that the sample tube is submerged (23 to 35) cm in the bathwith the test oil temperature set at (135 6 0.5) C.9.6 Start the flow of the cooling water through the condenser jacket.9.7 To begin testing, connect the source of clean, dry air (5 6 0.5) L/h to the air tube and allow the air to flow for 168 h. Usea calibrated flow meter in setting airflow rates.9.8 End of TestAfter 168 h at 135 C, shut off the airflow and disassemble.9.8.1 Remove air supply and disconnect condenser.9.8.2 Remove sample tube from the ba
