1、Designation: D 6681 09Standard Test Method forEvaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-CylinderDiesel EngineCaterpillar 1P Test Procedure1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6681; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, i
2、n the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONAny properly equipped laboratory without outside assistance can use the test metho
3、d described inthis standard. However, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC)2provides calibration oils and anassessment of the test results obtained on those oils by the laboratory. By this means the laboratorywill know whether their use of the test method gives results statistically similar to those
4、 obtained byother laboratories. Furthermore, various agencies require that a laboratory utilize the TMC services inseeking qualification of oils against specifications. For example, the U.S.Army has such a requirementin some of its engine oil specifications. Accordingly, this test method is written
5、for those laboratoriesthat use the TMC services. Laboratories that choose not to use these services should ignore thoseportions of the test method that refer to the TMC. Information Letters issued periodically by the TMCmay modify this method.3In addition, the TMC may issue supplementary memoranda r
6、elated to thetest method.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers and is required to evaluate theperformance of engine oils intended to satisfy certainAmericanPetroleum Institute (API) C service categories (included inSpecification D 4485). It is performed in a laboratory using astandardized high-speed,
7、single-cylinder diesel engine.4Pistonand ring groove deposit-forming tendency and oil consumptionis measured. The piston, the rings, and the liner are alsoexamined for distress and the rings for mobility.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement a
8、re included in thisstandard.1.2.1 ExceptionsWhere there is no direct SI equivalentsuch as screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubingsize, or where there is a sole source supply equipmentspecification.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associa
9、ted with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Being an enginetest method, this standard does have definite hazards thatrequire safe practices (see A
10、ppendix X2 on Safety).1.4 The following is the Table of Contents:SectionScope 1Referenced Documents 2Terminology 3Summary of Test Method 4Significance and Use 5Apparatus and Installation 6Intake Air System 6.2.1Exhaust System 6.2.2Fuel System 6.2.3Oil Consumption System 6.2.4Engine Oil System 6.2.5O
11、il Heating System 6.2.5.1Oil Sample Valve 6.2.5.2Engine Coolant System 6.2.6Engine Instrumentation 6.2.7Reagents and Materials 7Oil Samples 8Preparation of Apparatus 9General Engine Assembly Practices 9.1Complete Engine Inspection 9.2Copper Components 9.3Engine Lubricant System Flush 9.4Engine Pisto
12、n Cooling Jets 9.5Engine Measurements and Inspections 9.6Cylinder Head 9.71This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.B0.02 on Heavy Duty Engine Oils.Current edition approved April 15, 2009.
13、 Published August 2009. Originallyapproved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D 668108.2ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC), 6555 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA152064489.3This edition incorporates revisions contained in all information letters through07-1. Users of this test method shall co
14、ntact the ASTM Test Monitoring Center toobtain the most recent information letters.4Available from Caterpillar Inc., Engine System Technology Development, P.O.Box 610, Mossville, IL 61552-0610.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United
15、 States.SectionValve Guide Bushings 9.8Fuel Injector 9.9Piston and Rings 9.10Cylinder Liner 9.11Compression Ratio 9.12Engine Timing 9.13Engine Coolant System Cleaning Procedure 9.14Calibration and Standardization 10Test Cell Instrumentation 10.1Instrumentation Standards 10.2Coolant Flow 10.3Re-calib
16、ration Requirements 10.4Fuel Injectors 10.5Air Flow 10.6Intake Air Barrel 10.7Fuel Filter 10.8Oil Scale Flow Rates 10.9Calibration of Test Stands 10.10Extending Test Stand Calibration Period 10.11Test Run Numbering 10.13Humidity Calibration Requirements 10.14Calibration of Piston Deposit Raters 10.1
17、5Procedure 11Engine Break-in Procedure 11.1Cool-down Procedure 11.2Warm-up Procedure 11.3Shutdowns and Lost Time 11.4Periodic Measurements 11.5Engine Control Systems 11.6Engine Coolant 11.6.1Engine Fuel System 11.6.2Engine Oil Temperature 11.6.3Exhaust Pressure 11.6.4Intake Air 11.6.5Post-Test Proce
18、dures 11.7Piston Ring Side Clearances 11.7.1Piston Ratings 11.7.2Referee Ratings 11.7.3Ring End Gap Increase 11.7.4Cylinder Liner Wear 11.7.5Cylinder Liner Bore Polish 11.7.6Photographs 11.7.7Calculation and Interpretation of Results 12Test Validity 12.1Calculations 12.2Quality Index 12.2.1Oil Consu
19、mption 12.2.2Report 13Forms and Data Dictionary 13.1Test Validity 13.2Report Specifics 13.3Precision and Bias 14Precision 14.1Bias 14.1.4Keywords 15AnnexesEngine and Parts Warranty Annex A1Instrument Locations, Measurements, and Calculations Annex A2Cooling System Arrangement Annex A3Intake Air Mass
20、 Flow Sensor Installation Annex A4Fuel System Design and Required Components Annex A5Oil System Annex A6Exhaust and Intake Barrel Piping Annex A7Humidity Probe Installation (Location) Annex A8Return Goods Authorization (Claim Form) Annex A9Engine Assembly Information Annex A10Flushing Instructions a
21、nd Apparatus Annex A11Warm-up, Cool-down and Testing Conditions Annex A12Piston and Liner Rating Modifications Annex A13Additional Report Forms Annex A14Test Report Forms Annex A15AppendixesVarious Examples for Reference Purposes Appendix X1Safety Appendix X22. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards
22、:5D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products atAtmospheric PressureD93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-MartensClosed Cup TesterD97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum ProductsD 130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper fromPetroleum Products by Copper Strip TestD 235 Specifi
23、cation for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)D 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D 482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum ProductsD 524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue ofPetrole
24、um ProductsD 613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel OilD 664 Test Method forAcid Number of Petroleum Productsby Potentiometric TitrationD 1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in LiquidPetroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator AdsorptionD 2274 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Dist
25、illateFuel Oil (Accelerated Method)D 2425 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in MiddleDistillates by Mass SpectrometryD 2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum ProductsD 2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products byWavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD 2709 Test Method f
26、or Water and Sediment in MiddleDistillate Fuels by CentrifugeD 3227 Test Method for (Thiol Mercaptan) Sulfur in Gaso-line, Kerosine, Aviation Turbine, and Distillate Fuels(Potentiometric Method)D 3524 Test Method for Diesel Fuel Diluent in Used DieselEngine Oils by Gas ChromatographyD 4175 Terminolo
27、gy Relating to Petroleum, PetroleumProducts, and LubricantsD 4052 Test Method for Density and Relative Density ofLiquids by Digital Density MeterD 4485 Specification for Performance of Engine OilsD 4739 Test Method for Base Number Determination byPotentiometric Hydrochloric Acid TitrationD 4863 Test
28、 Method for Determination of Lubricity ofTwo-Stroke-Cycle Gasoline Engine LubricantsD 5185 Test Method for Determination of Additive Ele-ments, Wear Metals, and Contaminants in Used Lubricat-ing Oils and Determination of Selected Elements in BaseOils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic EmissionSpec
29、trometry (ICP-AES)D 5862 Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in5For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM
30、website.D6681092Two-Stroke Cycle Turbo-Supercharged 6V92TA DieselEngineD 6202 Test Method for Automotive Engine Oils on theFuel Economy of Passenger Cars and Light-Duty Trucks inthe Sequence VIA Spark Ignition EngineE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with
31、SpecificationsG40 Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion2.2 SAE Standard:SAE J183 Engine Oil Performance and Engine ServiceClassification62.3 API Standard:API 1509 Engine Service Classification and Guide toCrankcase Oil Selection73. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 additive, na material added to a
32、nother, usually in asmall amount, to impart or enhance desirable properties or tosuppress undesirable properties. D 41753.1.2 automotive, adjdescriptive of equipment associatedwith self-propelled machinery, usually vehicles driven byinternal combustion engines. D 44853.1.3 blind reference oil, na re
33、ference oil, the identity ofwhich is unknown by the test facility. D 41753.1.3.1 DiscussionThis is a coded reference oil which issubmitted by a source independent from the test facility.3.1.4 blowby, nin internal combustion engine, the com-bustion products and unburned air-and-fuel mixture that ente
34、rthe crankcase. D 41753.1.5 calibrate, vto determine the indication or output ofa measuring device with respect to that of a standard.D 41753.1.6 calibrated test stand, na test stand on which thetesting of reference material(s), conducted as specified in thestandard, provided acceptable test results
35、. Sub. B Glossary23.1.6.1 DiscussionIn several automotive lubricant stan-dard test methods, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center providestesting guidance and determines acceptability.3.1.7 candidate oil, nan oil which is intended to have theperformance characteristics necessary to satisfy a specification
36、and is to be tested against that specification. D 41753.1.7.1 DiscussionThese oils are mainly submitted fortesting as candidates to satisfy a specified performance; hencethe designation of the term.3.1.8 debris, nin internal combustion engines, solid con-taminant materials unintentionally introduced
37、 into the engineor resulting from wear. D 58623.1.9 dispersant, nin engine oil, an additive that reducesdeposits on oil-wetted engine surfaces primarily through sus-pension of particles. D 41753.1.10 engine oil, na liquid that reduces friction or wear,or both, between the moving parts within an engi
38、ne; removesheat, particularly from the underside of pistons; and serves asa combustion gas sealant for the piston rings. D 58623.1.10.1 DiscussionIt may contain additives to enhancecertain properties. Inhibition of engine rusting, deposit forma-tion, valve train wear, oil oxidation and, foaming are
39、examples.3.1.11 heavy-duty, adjin internal combustion engine op-eration, characterized by average speeds, power output, andinternal temperatures that are generally close to the potentialmaximums. D 44853.1.12 lubricant, nany material interposed between twosurfaces that reduces the friction or wear,
40、or both, betweenthem. D 58623.1.13 lubricating oil, na liquid lubricant, usually com-prising several ingredients, including a major portion of baseoil and minor portions of various additives. D 417523.1.14 oxidation, nof engine oil, the reaction of the oilwith an electron acceptor, generally oxygen,
41、 that can producedeleterious acidic or resinous materials often manifested assludge formation, varnish formation, viscosity increase, orcorrosion, or a combination thereof. D 41753.1.15 non-reference oil, nany oil other than a referenceoil; such as a research formulation, commercial oil, or candi-da
42、te oil. D 41753.1.16 purchaser, nof an ASTM test, person or organiza-tion that pays for the conduct of an ASTM test method on aspecified product. D 62023.1.17 reference oil, nan oil of known performance char-acteristics, used as a basis for comparison.3.1.17.1 DiscussionReference oils are used to ca
43、libratetesting facilities, to compare the performance of other oils, orto evaluate other material (such as seals) that interact with oils.D 41753.1.18 scoring, nin tribology, a severe form of wearcharacterized by the formation of extensive grooves andscratches in the direction of sliding. G403.1.19
44、scuff, scuffng, nin lubrication, damage caused byinstantaneous localized welding between surfaces in relativemotion which does not result in immobilization of the parts.D 48633.1.20 sponsor, nof an ASTM test method, an organizationthat is responsible for ensuring supply of the apparatus used inthe t
45、est procedure portion of the test method. D 41753.1.20.1 DiscussionIn some instances, such as a testmethod for chemical analysis, an ASTM working group can bethe sponsor of the test method. In other instances, a companywith a self-interest may or may not be the developer of the testprocedure used wi
46、thin the method, but is the sponsor of the testmethod.3.1.21 used oil, nany oil that has been in a piece ofequipment (for example, an engine, gearbox, transformer, orturbine), whether operated or not. D 41753.1.22 varnish, nin internal combustion engines, a hard,dry, generally lustrous deposit that
47、can be removed by solventsbut not by wiping with a cloth. D 41753.1.23 wear, nthe loss of material from a surface, gener-ally occurring between two surfaces in relative motion, andresulting from mechanical or chemical action or a combinationof both. D 41756Available from the Society of Automotive En
48、gineers Inc., 400 CommonwealthDrive, Warrendale, PA 15096.7Available from the American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street NW, Wash-ington DC, 20005.D66810934. Summary of Test Method4.1 Prior to each test, the power section of the engine isdisassembled, solvent-cleaned, measured, and rebuilt in stric
49、taccordance with the specifications. A new piston, ring assem-bly, and cylinder liner are measured and installed for each test.The engine crankcase is solvent-cleaned and worn or defectiveparts are replaced. The test stand is equipped with feedbackcontrol systems for fuel rate, engine speed, and other engineoperating conditions. A suitable system for filtering, compress-ing, humidifying, and heating the inlet air shall be providedalong with a system for controlling the engine exhaust pres-sure. Test operations involve the control of the single-cylinde
