1、Designation: D7101 08D7101 13Standard Index Test Method forDetermination of Unvegetated Rolled Erosion ControlProduct (RECP) Ability to Protect Soil from Rain Splash andAssociated Runoff Under Bench-Scale Conditions1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7101; the number immediately fo
2、llowing the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This index te
3、st method establishes the guidelines, requirements and procedures for evaluating the ability of unvegetatedrolled erosion control products (RECPs) to protect soils from simulated rainfall (rain splash) and minimal runoff induced erosion.The critical element of this protection is the ability of the u
4、nvegetated RECP to absorb the impact force of raindrops, therebyreducing soil particle loosening through “splash” mechanisms, and limiting the ability of runoff to carry the loosened soil particles.1.2 This index test method utilizes bench-scale testing procedures and is not indicative of unvegetate
5、d RECP performance inconditions typically found in the field.NOTE 1The values obtained with this bench scale procedure are for initial performance indication, general product comparison and conformancepurposes only. These values should not be used in estimating RECP soil protection in actual field u
6、se with such calculations as the Universal Soil LossEquation (USLE) or Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) without verification from qualified, large-scale tests.1.3 This index test is not intended to replace full-scale simulation or field testing in acquisition of performance values that a
7、rerequired in the design of erosion control measures utilizing unvegetated RECPs.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are
8、not considered standard.1.5 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in PracticeD6026, unless superseded by this standard.1.5.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated in this standard are
9、regarded as the industrystandard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do notconsider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the users objectives,and it is
10、 common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations.It is beyond the scope of this index test method to consider significant digits used in analytical methods for engineering design.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all
11、of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use and may involve use ofhazardous materials, equipment, and operations. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safetyand health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to u
12、se. Also, the user must comply withprevalent regulatory codes, such as OSHA (Occupational Health and Safety Administration) guidelines, while using the index testmethod.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained FluidsD698 Test Methods for Labor
13、atory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12 400 ft-lbf/ft3 (600 kN-m/m3)D6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical DataD3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used inEngineering Design and C
14、onstruction1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.25 on Erosion and SedimentControl Technology.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2008June 15, 2013. Published February 2008July 2013. Originally approved i
15、n 2007. Last previous edition approved in 20072008 asD7101 07.D7101 08. DOI: 10.1520/D7101-08.10.1520/D7101-13.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the st
16、andards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accura
17、tely, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor D
18、rive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D6459 Test Method for Determination of Rolled Erosion Control Product (RECP) Performance in Protecting Hillslopes fromRainfall-Induced ErosionD6475 Test Method for Measuring Mass Per Unit Area of Erosion Control BlanketsD6566 Test Me
19、thod for Measuring Mass per Unit Area of Turf Reinforcement Mats3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor common definitions of terms in this standard, refer to Terminology D653.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Soil cores consisting of containers with both bare and unvegetated RECP-protected soil are exposed to
20、simulated rainfall.4.2 The amount of soil that splashes out of or is dislodged and carried by runoff from the containers is collected and weighed.The results can be used to compare bare and RECP-protected situations.4.3 Key elements of the testing process include: 1)(1) calibration of the rainfall s
21、imulation equipment; 2)(2) preparation of thetest cores; 3)(3) documentation of the RECP to be tested; 4)(4) installation of the RECP; 5)(5) prosecution of the test; 6)(6)collection of data; 7)(7) analysis of the resultant data, and; 8)data; and (8) reporting.5. Significance and Use5.1 This index te
22、st method indicates a unvegetated RECPs ability to reduce rainsplash-induced erosion under bench-scaleconditions. This test method may also assist in identifying physical attributes of RECPs that contribute to their erosion-controlperformance.5.2 This test method is bench-scale and therefore, approp
23、riate as an index test for initial indication of product performance, forgeneral comparison of unvegetated RECP capabilities, and for product quality assurance/conformance testing. The results of thistest are not indicative of an RECPs actual field performance.NOTE 2The quality of the result produce
24、d by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of theequipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objectivetesting/sampling/inspections/etc. Users of this stan
25、dard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not itself assure reliable results. Reliableresults depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.6. Apparatus6.1 Rainfall SimulatorRainfall is produced by a laboratory simulator capable of crea
26、ting uniform drops with a mediandiameter of 3.0 to 3.5 mm (0.12 to 0.14 in.) from a drop height of 2000.0 mm (78.72 in.) above the lowest point of the inclinestructure (see 6.3). The rainfall simulator shall be capable of producing rainfall intensities of 51 6 5 mm/hr (2 6 0.2 in./hr), 1026 5 mm/hr
27、(4 6 0.2 in./hr), and 153 6 5 mm/hr (6 6 0.2 in./hr). The simulator must be centered over the test area to provideuniform rain application over the entire incline structure (Fig. 1).6.2 Soil CoresConsist of water-tight containers nominally 200 6 10 mm (8 6 0.4 in.) inside diameter plastic pipe secti
28、oncylinders with height of 100 6 10 mm (4 6 0.4 in.) holding soil and test specimens.6.3 Incline StructureRequired is an incline structure comprised of three adjacent “runoff ramps” each having an opening atits lower end to accommodate a recessed soil core. The ramps shall be 900 6 20 mm (35 6 0.8 i
29、n.) in length and 250 6 20 mmwide (10 6 0.8 in.). The incline structure shall be adjustable to a slope gradient of at least 3:1 (horizontal:vertical) and be ableto maintain the desired slope. The incline structure shall have raised dividers (at least 25.0 mm (1 in.) tall) between ramps toprevent cro
30、ss-ramp soil splash and run-on/runoff (Fig. 1).6.4 Collection BucketsAny type of bucket having sufficient diameter and volume to collect all runoff from the runoff rampmay be used.6.5 FiltersWhatman #3 filter paper3 to separate sediment from soil and water solution.6.6 MiscellaneousOther miscellaneo
31、us equipment includes: sieve set (standard US sieves), evaporating dishes, drying oven,and balance.7. Sampling7.1 The laboratory sample should be 1 m2 (10.76 ft2).8. Procedure8.1 Calibration of Rainfall SimulatorSimulator:3 The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this ti
32、me is Whatman Inc., 200 Park Ave., Suite 210, Florham Park, New Jersey, 07932,. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive carefulconsideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1 which y
33、ou may attend.D7101 1328.1.1 Calibration of the rainfall simulation equipment includes verification of: 1)(1) rainfall intensity; 2)(2) uniformity ofrainfall application across the holding container, and; 3)container; and (3) drop size. See Annex A1 for details.8.1.2 At a minimum, calibration shall
34、be conducted on an annual basis and also following initital equipment set-up and anyequipment maintenance.8.2 Test Set-upSet-Up:8.2.1 After calibration, prepare three soil cores for each RECP to be tested and nine cores for the bare soil conditions.8.2.1.1 Fill/compact (see 8.2.1.2) the cores with t
35、he standard soil (see Annex A2 for soil details) flush with the lip of thecontainer.NOTE 3The standard sand usedreferenced in this test procedure has been found to be successful historically used for product comparison purposes.However, site-specific soils, user-defined soils, or both, may be used b
36、ased on user needs. used. If non-standard soils are used, agreement should beestablished between the testing laboratory and the test user. The effect of utilizing a non-standard soil is unknown.8.2.1.2 Unless otherwise agreed to prior to testing, compact the soil into the soil cores at 90 6 3% of st
37、andard dry density atoptimum moisture content 6 2%.8.2.2 Adjust the incline structure to a gradient of 3:1 (h:v), unless(h:v) (see Note 4other slope gradient(s) are agreed to betweenthe test laboratory and the user of the test.).NOTE 4An incline of 3:1 (h:v) has been historically used for product co
38、mparison purposes. An alternate gradient may be utilized, however, thegradient should be agreed upon between the test laboratory and the user of the test. The effect of utilizing a non-standard gradient is unknown.8.2.3 Place three of the prepared soil cores into the openings of the incline structur
39、e. The top edges of the cores are to be aminimum of 2 cm (0.8 in)in.) away from the sides of the runoff ramps.8.2.4 For RECP-protected cores, place the RECP test sample over the entire incline structure including the soil core surfaces.Clip or otherwise affix the sample to the raised barriers betwee
40、n runoff ramps in such a way to avoid obstruction of flow andfacilitate intimate contact with the runoff ramp and the soil surfaces of the cores.8.2.4.1 Each RECP specimen shall be weighed and measured to determine its mass per unit area in accordance with TestMethods D6475 and D6566 prior to affixi
41、ng to the runoff ramps.FIG. 1 Slope Erosion: Bench Scale Laboratory Test ApparatusD7101 1338.3 Test Operation and Data CollectionCollection:8.3.1 Cover the incline structure and soil cores with a waterproof lid or canopy and activate rainfall simulator at the targetintensity. Both the RECPprotected
42、and bare soil control cores shall be subjected to three target rainfall intensities of 5165 mm/hr(2 6 0.2 in./hr), 102 6 5 mm/hr (4 6 0.2 in./hr), and 153 6 5 mm/hr (6 6 0.2 in./hr), unless other intensities are agreed uponbetween the user of the test and testing laboratory.8.3.2 After rainfall reac
43、hes a steady rate, position the collection buckets at the end of the runoff ramps and remove the coverfrom the incline structure and begin timing the test.8.3.3 After five minutes, replace the waterproof cover or turn off the rainfall and take the collection buckets out of the simulator.8.3.4 Positi
44、on empty collection buckets at the end of the runoff ramps, remove the cover or turn rainfall back on, and resumethe test.8.3.5 Repeat 8.3.3 and 8.3.4 every 5 min.8.3.6 Pour the water and soil mixture from the collection buckets through aWhatman #3 filter paper to collect the sediment fromthe first
45、five minutes of the test. Measure and record the amount of water collected in each bucket. Additional water may be usedin order to wash all the soil out of the holding container.8.3.7 Repeat this process until the set of three soil cores has undergone six five-minute periods of simulated rainfall, w
46、hichequals 30 min of exposure to simulated rain.8.3.8 Dry each sediment sample in an oven at 105C (221F) for a minimum of 24 h, then weigh sample and determine massto 6 0.01 60.01 g. The data for each pot should be entered into a table such as shown in Fig. 2.8.3.9 Repeat the procedure with the rema
47、ining sets of three test cores at each target rainfall intensity.9. Calculation9.1 Average the three masses of sediment corresponding to the same five-minute period(s) to obtain six mean masses of soilloss from the RECP-protected cores at each target rainfall intensity.9.1.1 The data for each pot sh
48、ould be entered into a table such as shown in Fig. 2 and normalized to the sample roll averagemass per unit area based on the specimen-specific mass per unit area for the pot.9.2 Sum the six mean masses of soil loss from the RECP-protected soil cores to obtain the mean mass (MRECP) for the entire30
49、min run at each rainfall intensity.9.3 Average the three masses of sediment corresponding to the same five-minute period(s) to obtain six mean masses of soilloss from the bare soil cores at each target rainfall intensity.9.4 Sum the six mean masses of soil loss from the bare soil control cores to obtain the mean mass (Mcontrol) for the entire 30min run at each target rainfall intensity.9.5 Enter the mean masses obtained for the RECPand bare soil control cores as a function of time at each target rainfall intensityinto a table.9.6 Calculate the B
