1、Designation: D7718 11Standard Practice forObtaining In-Service Samples of Lubricating Grease1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7718; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A nu
2、mber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the method to obtain a trendablein-service lubricating grease sample from the following con-figurations including mo
3、tor-operated valves, gearboxes,pillow-block bearings, electric motors, exposed bearings, opengears, or failed grease-lubricated components.1.2 In some cases, it may be necessary to take more than onesample from a piece of equipment to obtain more trendableresults. Examples of this could be a large b
4、earing that does notfully rotate, such as a slew bearing, or one in which sufficientmixing does not otherwise occur.1.3 Samples taken in the above manner may need to bemixed to form a more homogeneous sample. This may also betrue of other samples such as those taken from open facebearings.1.4 The va
5、lues stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly. The exception to this is a standard English units thread forwhich there is no metric equivalent.NOTE 1The standard pipe thread referred to is the national pipe threadtapered thread.1.5
6、 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Docu
7、ments2.1 ASTM Standards:2D217 Test Methods for Cone Penetration of LubricatingGreaseD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum Products2.2 ANSI/ASME Standard:3B1.20.1 Pipe Threads, General Purpose (Inch)3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 active grease-sampling device, ndevice desi
8、gned totake an active sample of a lubricating grease from a bearing,gear, or drive shaft located in a grease-lubricated component.3.1.2 active sampling, vto use a sampling device toactively gather an in-service lubricating grease sample from agrease-lubricated component.3.1.3 actuate, vto hold the i
9、nterior cylinder of the activegrease-sampling device while pushing the exterior cylinderforward toward the grease-lubricated component that is beingsampled allowing lubricating grease to fill the sampling device.3.1.4 extension rod, ntool used to extend the depth atwhich a sample is taken with an ac
10、tive grease-sampling device.3.1.4.1 DiscussionThe extension rod may also be used toremotely actuate an active grease-sampling device.3.1.5 in-service lubricating grease, nlubricating greasethat has been applied as a lubricant to a gear, bearing, or drivescrew for any period of time.3.1.6 lubricating
11、 grease, nsemi-fluid to solid product of adispersion of a thickener in a liquid lubricant.3.1.6.1 DiscussionThe dispersion of the thickener forms atwo-phase system and immobilizes the liquid lubricant bysurface tension and other physical forces. Other ingredients arecommonly included to impart speci
12、al properties. D2173.1.7 passive grease-sampling device, ndevice designedto gather a sample from the equipment by being attached to thegrease reservoir at the purge point.3.1.7.1 DiscussionThis device has also been designed tocontain a lubricating grease sample that has been gathered withother metho
13、ds.3.1.8 passive sampling, vto use a passive grease-samplingdevice to collect a purged sample of in-service lubricatinggrease from a purge path.3.1.9 trendable, adjsample of in-service lubricatinggrease used to trend the physical properties, wear levels, andcontaminants in a grease-lubricated compon
14、ent.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on PetroleumProducts and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.G0 onLubricating Grease.Current edition approved May 1, 2011. Published May 2011. DOI:10.1520/D771811.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the
15、ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10
16、036, http:/www.ansi.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4. Significance and Use4.1 This practice is typically used to obtain in-servicelubricating grease samples from machinery.4.2 In this practice, a consistent and r
17、epeatable method isoutlined for obtaining trendable samples from the followingapplications including motor-operated valves, gearboxes,pillow-block bearings, electric motors, exposed bearings, opengears, or failed grease-lubricated components. This allows foranalysis and inspection of in-service lubr
18、icating grease thataids in predicting the life and condition of the grease-lubricatedcomponent. This information can be combined with othertechnologies such as infrared imaging, vibration analysis, andultrasonic vibration analysis to predict when a machine mayfail. The knowledge gained by the aforem
19、entioned analyses, inaddition to the knowledge gained from the in-service lubricat-ing grease analysis and inspection, may allow for more overalluptime by aiding in the prediction of grease-lubricated com-ponent failures as part of a predictive maintenance schedule.The prediction of a failing grease
20、-lubricated component willalso improve the level of safety of all who work around thecomponent.5. Apparatus5.1 Sample ContainersCommercially available in manyshapes, sizes, materials, and configurations. The appropriatesample container can only be selected once the operator knowsthe specific applica
21、tion for the sample being taken. Theoperator shall be sure that the material of the container will notinteract with the material being sampled. The operator shallalso ensure that the proper size container is selected so it canhouse enough material so all of the intended subsequentlaboratory analysis
22、 and inspections can be run on the sample.5.1.1 Bottles (Plastic)Use a plastic crushproof bottle witha screw-on cap so the sample contained cannot leak out. Allplastic containers shall be visually inspected for dust, dirt, andother contaminants that could affect subsequent analysis re-sults. The pla
23、stic container shall also be made out of anonplasticized plastic such as high-density polyethylene orultra-high molecular-weight polyethylene.5.1.2 Bottles (Glass)Use a glass bottle with a screw-oncap so that the sample contained cannot leak out. One also hasto take special care in dealing with a gl
24、ass container because itcan be quite fragile if dropped. All glass containers shall bevisually inspected for dust, dirt, and other contaminants thatcould affect subsequent analysis results.5.1.3 Metal CansA metal sample container may be used,but reactions can occur between the sample and the contain
25、er.The most common reaction is oxidation (rusting) of thecontainer. If a metal container is to be used, make sure that itwill not react with the sample and will not easily oxidize (rust).An example of such a container would be a stainless steelcontainer. All metal cans shall be visually inspected fo
26、r dust,dirt, and other contaminants that could affect subsequentanalysis results.5.2 Sampling DevicesThe sampling devices for each pro-cedure are described in detail in each specific procedure. Ingeneral, all sampling devices shall be clean, dry, and free ofany dirt, dust, or other contaminants that
27、 could affect the resultsof subsequent analysis.6. Hazards6.1 When sampling from any component, it is up to the staffof the facility to determine the safest possible way to obtain thesample.6.2 Unless sampling from a purge path, a sampling deviceshould not be put into or onto a grease-lubricated com
28、ponentwhile it is running. This could cause both the component andthe sampling device to be damaged.6.3 It is assumed that the person who is taking the sample istrained in all of the necessary safety precautions for workingwith the equipment.6.4 It is important the person who is obtaining the sample
29、sfollows all cleanliness guidelines outlined by the facility. Theoperator should wear any required personal protection equip-ment (PPE). In addition, the operator should also wear latex ornitrile gloves unless the current PPE requirements meet orexceed this requirement. Gloves worn should be clean a
30、t thetime that the sample is taken.7. General Sampling Procedures, Limitations, andConsiderations7.1 Equipment CleanlinessThe area around the accessport of all components to be sampled shall first be cleansed ofdust, dirt, and other contaminants. The sampling devices andcontainers shall also be clea
31、n, dry, and free of any dust, dirt,and other contaminants that can affect the results of anysubsequent analysis performed on the sample.7.2 Homogeneity of SamplesWhen sampling lubricatinggreases, it is important to keep in mind that the quality andtrendability of the sample relies a great deal on th
32、e samplinglocations proximity to the component. This is because lubri-cating grease does not freely flow and distribute wear particles,oxidation, and other tested parameters.7.2.1 If the lubricating grease inside of a component is notobservably homogenous, it is up to the operator to determine ifit
33、is of value to obtain one or multiple samples. If it isdetermined that it is of value to obtain different samples fromthe same component as a result of an observable physicaldifference in the sample, the operator shall collect the samplesseparately and ensure that they are identified by the sampling
34、location and physical appearance characteristics that differen-tiate them.7.3 Sample-Mixing SystemsIf a sample is to be mixedbefore the testing of subsamples, it is important to keep this inmind when selecting a sample container.7.4 Sample Container UniformityIt is also important tokeep in mind that
35、 sample container uniformity is important tothe individual or laboratory responsible for performing analysisor inspections. It allows for the individual or laboratoryresponsible to streamline their processes, which allows them tolower their operating costs. For this reason, the operator shouldconsul
36、t the responsible individual or laboratory for theirsuggestions on the sample container size, type, and material.7.5 Physical and Chemical Property TestsThe tests to berun on the samples will dictate the amount of sample requiredand possibly the type of sample container. The amount ofD7718 112sample
37、 required can vary greatly for grease analysis. It isrecommended that the operator contact the responsible indi-vidual or laboratory who will perform the tests to ensure thatthey send the required amount of sample.7.6 Operator TrainingIn order to ensure that the sampleintegrity is upheld and that th
38、e sample is as trendable aspossible the operator shall be trained on how to properly takethe sample. This includes an in depth knowledge of the internallayout of the component, locations of desired sampling points,instruction on how to properly use the selected samplingdevices, and how to properly c
39、lean the locations prior tosampling.7.7 General Sampling ProcedureThe following proce-dures should be followed regardless of which of the belowmethods are being used to obtain the sample.Sample Handling7.8 In-Service Lubricating Grease SamplesThe samplecontainer or the grease-sampling device should
40、always becapped or sealed to prevent contamination. If the in-servicelubricating grease sample is being shipped to a laboratory, itshould meet all of the hazardous materials requirements of thefacility, the shipping company, and the laboratory. The samplecontainer or grease-sampling device should be
41、 placed in anappropriate crushproof shipping tube. In the case of thegrease-sampling device, a good example of this would be acentrifuge tube. There should only be one sample per crush-proof container to prevent cross contamination during theshipping process.7.9 Sample LabelingThe sample should be l
42、abeled assoon as it is taken. The label should be marked with water- andsolvent-resistant ink or a hard pencil that can dent the label.Other pencils and inks may be dissolved off of the label. Thelabel should include the following information: PracticeD7718.7.9.1 Sample date and time (the time at wh
43、ich the samplingdevice was removed from the machine).7.9.2 Equipment description (facility number and equip-ment name or number).7.9.3 Name of the person responsible for the sample (op-erator).7.9.4 Name of baseline lubricating grease.7.9.5 Sample point identification.7.9.6 Run hours of the grease l
44、ubricated component at thetime the sample is taken provided the component has arun-hours meter.8. Procedure for Active Sampling of a Grease-LubricatedComponent8.1 Using a Sampling Device:8.1.1 ApplicationObtaining an in service sample from amotor-operated valve, gearbox, electric motor, or other bod
45、y oflubricating grease by use of an active grease sampling device.NOTE 2When following this procedure, “electric motor” refers to anyelectric motor that has a drain plug or access port large enough to allowan active grease-sampling device into the lubricating grease reservoir andadjacent to the bear
46、ing.NOTE 3Various configurations and styles of active grease-samplingdevices are possible and can be inserted into the grease reservoir. Thisspecific procedure addresses a commercially available unit, the GreaseThief Type II,4which has been designed to optimize the process.8.1.2 ApparatusAn active g
47、rease-sampling device at-tached to an extension rod is used to obtain a trendablein-service lubricating grease sample from a grease-lubricatedcomponent.8.1.2.1 Active Grease-Sampling DeviceUse a cylinderwith a18-in. national pipe thread at either end of a precisionbore cylinder. There should be a pa
48、ir of relief holes at one endof the cylinder to allow for purging of excess lubricatinggrease. Inside of the cylinder is a precision molded piston witha stinger probe the length of the cylinder minus the length ofthe piston. Also, the piston should have a handle that extendsout the opposite end of t
49、he cylinder that allows the piston andprobe assembly to be attached to an active grease-samplingdevice extension rod. The steps outlined in 8.2.3 cover the useof the device in Fig. 1 (ANSI/ASME B1.20.1).8.1.2.2 Extension Rod (Active Grease-Sampling Device)Use a thin, hollow cylinder approximately 457-mm (18-in.), orother length, containing a tee handle at one end, which theoperator holds. The other end contains a female18-in. nationalpipe thread. Inside the hollow cylinder is a smaller diameter,solid cylinder that is approximately 25 mm (1 in.) lo
