1、Designation: E 1300 09Standard Practice forDetermining Load Resistance of Glass in Buildings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1300; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A n
2、umber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice describes procedures to determine the loadresistance (LR) of specified glass types, including combina-tions of glass types
3、 used in a sealed insulating glass (IG) unit,exposed to a uniform lateral load of short or long duration, fora specified probability of breakage.1.2 This practice applies to vertical and sloped glazing inbuildings for which the specified design loads consist of windload, snow load and self-weight wi
4、th a total combined magni-tude less than or equal to 10 kPa (210 psf). This practice shallnot apply to other applications including, but not limited to,balustrades, glass floor panels, aquariums, structural glassmembers, and glass shelves.1.3 This practice applies only to monolithic, laminated, orin
5、sulating glass constructions of rectangular shape with con-tinuous lateral support along one, two, three, or four edges.This practice assumes that (1) the supported glass edges fortwo, three, and four-sided support conditions are simplysupported and free to slip in plane; (2) glass supported on twos
6、ides acts as a simply supported beam; and (3) glass supportedon one side acts as a cantilever.1.4 This practice does not apply to any form of wired,patterned, etched, sandblasted, drilled, notched, or groovedglass with surface and edge treatments that alter the glassstrength.1.5 This practice addres
7、ses only the determination of theresistance of glass to uniform lateral loads. The final thicknessand type of glass selected also depends upon a variety of otherfactors (see 5.3).1.6 Charts in this practice provide a means to determineapproximate maximum lateral glass deflection. Appendix X1and Appe
8、ndix X2 provide additional procedures to determinemaximum lateral deflection for glass simply supported on foursides. Appendix X3 presents a procedure to compute approxi-mate probability of breakage for annealed (AN) monolithicglass lites simply supported on four sides.1.7 The values stated in SI un
9、its are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly. For conversion of quantities in various systems ofmeasurements to SI units, refer to SI 10.1.8 Appendix X4 lists the key variables used in calculatingthe mandatory type factors in Tables 1-3 and comments
10、ontheir conservative values.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations
11、prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 1036 Specification for Flat GlassC 1048 Specification for Heat-Treated Flat GlassKindHS, Kind FT Coated and Uncoated GlassC 1172 Specification for LaminatedArchitectural Flat GlassD 4065 Practice for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Proper-ties:
12、Determination and Report of ProceduresE 631 Terminology of Building ConstructionsSI 10 Practice for Use of the International System of Units(SI) (the Modernized Metric System)3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 Refer to Terminology E 631 for additional terms usedin this practice.3.2 Definitions of T
13、erms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 aspect ratio (AR), nfor glass simply supported onfour sides, the ratio of the long dimension of the glass to theshort dimension of the glass is always equal to or greater than1.0. For glass simply supported on three sides, the ratio of thelength of one of the sup
14、ported edges perpendicular to the freeedge, to the length of the free edge, is equal to or greater than0.5.3.2.2 etched glass, nglass surface that has been attackedwith hydrofluoric acid or other agent, generally for marking ordecoration.3.2.3 glass breakage, nthe fracture of any lite or ply inmonol
15、ithic, laminated, or insulating glass.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Perfor-mance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.51 onPerformance of Windows, Doors, Skylights and Curtain Walls.Current edition approved May 1, 2009. Published June
16、2009. Originallyapproved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as E 1300 071.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summar
17、y page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.2.4 Glass Thickness:3.2.4.1 thickness designation for monolithic glass, naterm that defines a designated thickness for monolithic glass asspecified in Table
18、4 and Specification C 1036.3.2.4.2 thickness designation for laminated glass (LG),na term used to specify a LG construction based on thecombined thicknesses of component plies.(1) Add the minimum thicknesses of the individual glassplies and the interlayer thickness. If the sum of all interlayerthick
19、nesses is greater than 1.52 mm (0.060 in.) use 1.52 mm(0.060 in.) in the calculation.(2) Select the monolithic thickness designation in Table 4having the closest minimum thickness that is equal to or lessthan the value obtained in 3.2.4.2 (1).(3) Exception: The construction of two 6-mm (14-n.) glass
20、plies plus 0.76-m (0.030-n.) interlayer shall be defined as 12mm (12 in.).3.2.5 Glass Types:3.2.5.1 annealed (AN) glass, na flat, monolithic, glass liteof uniform thickness where the residual surface stresses arenearly zero as defined in Specification C 1036.3.2.5.2 fully tempered (FT) glass, na fla
21、t, monolithic,glass lite of uniform thickness that has been subjected to aspecial heat treatment process where the residual surfacecompression is not less than 69 MPa (10 000 psi) or the edgecompression not less than 67 MPa (9700 psi) as defined inSpecification C 1048.3.2.5.3 heat strengthened (HS)
22、glass, na flat, monolithic,glass lite of uniform thickness that has been subjected to aspecial heat treatment process where the residual surfacecompression is not less than 24 MPa (3500 psi) or greater than52 MPa (7500 psi) as defined in Specification C 1048.3.2.5.4 insulating glass (IG) unit, nany
23、combination oftwo glass lites that enclose a sealed space filled with air orother gas.3.2.5.5 laminated glass (LG), na flat lite of uniformthickness consisting of two or more monolithic glass pliesbonded together with an interlayer material as defined inSpecification C 1172.(1) DiscussionMany differ
24、ent interlayer materials areused in LG. The information in this practice applies only topolyvinyl butyral (PVB) interlayer or those interlayers thatdemonstrate equivalency according to Appendix X10.3.2.6 glass type factor (GTF), na multiplying factor foradjusting the LR of different glass types, tha
25、t is,AN, HS, or FTin monolithic glass, LG, or IG constructions.3.2.7 lateral, adjperpendicular to the glass surface.3.2.8 load, na uniformly distributed lateral pressure.3.2.8.1 specified design load, nthe magnitude in kPa(psf), type (for example, wind or snow) and duration of theload given by the s
26、pecifying authority.3.2.8.2 load resistance (LR), nthe uniform lateral loadthat a glass construction can sustain based upon a givenprobability of breakage and load duration.(1) DiscussionMultiplying the non-factored load (NFL)from figures in Annex A1 by the relevant GTF and load share(LS) factors gi
27、ves the LR associated with a breakage probabil-ity less than or equal to 8 lites per 1000.3.2.8.3 long duration load, nany load lasting approxi-mately 30 days.(1) DiscussionFor loads having durations other than 3 sor 30 days, refer to Table X6.1.3.2.8.4 non-factored load (NFL), nthree second duratio
28、nuniform load associated with a probability of breakage lessthan or equal to 8 lites per 1000 for monolithic AN glass asdetermined from the figures in Annex A1.3.2.8.5 glass weight load, nthe dead load component ofthe glass weight.3.2.8.6 short duration load, nany load lasting3sorless.3.2.9 load sha
29、re (LS) factor, na multiplying factor de-rived from the load sharing between the double glazing, ofTABLE 1 Glass Type Factors (GTF) for a Single Lite ofMonolithic or Laminated Glass (LG)GTFGlass Type Short Duration Load (3 sec) Long Duration Load (30 day)AN 1.0 0.43HS 2.0 1.3FT 4.0 3.0TABLE 2 Glass
30、Type Factors (GTF) for Insulating Glass (IG),Short Duration LoadLite No. 1Monolithic Glass orLaminated Glass TypeLite No. 2Monolithic Glass or Laminated Glass TypeAN HS FTGTF1 GTF2 GTF1 GTF2 GTF1 GTF2AN 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.9 1.0 3.8HS 1.9 1.0 1.8 1.8 1.9 3.8FT 3.8 1.0 3.8 1.9 3.6 3.6TABLE 3 Glass Type Fac
31、tors (GTF) for Insulating Glass (IG),Long Duration Load (30 day)Lite No. 1Monolithic Glass orLaminated Glass TypeLite No. 2Monolithic Glass or Laminated Glass TypeAN HS FTGTF1 GTF2 GTF1 GTF2 GTF1 GTF2AN 0.39 0.39 0.43 1.25 0.43 2.85HS 1.25 0.43 1.25 1.25 1.25 2.85FT 2.85 0.43 2.85 1.25 2.85 2.85TABL
32、E 4 Minimum Glass ThicknessesNominalThickness orDesignation,mm (in.)MinimumThickness,mm (in.)2.5 (332) 2.16 (0.085)2.7 (lami) 2.59 (0.102)3.0 (18) 2.92 ( 0.115)4.0 (532) 3.78 ( 0.149)5.0 (316) 4.57 (0.180)6.0 (14) 5.56 (0.219)8.0 (516) 7.42 (0.292)10.0 (38) 9.02 (0.355)12.0 (12) 11.91 (0.469)16.0 (5
33、8) 15.09 (0.595)19.0 (34) 18.26 (0.719)22.0 (78) 21.44 (0.844)E1300092equal or different thicknesses and types (including the layeredbehavior of LG under long duration loads), in a sealed IG unit.3.2.9.1 DiscussionThe LS factor is used along with theGTF and the NFL value from the NFL charts to give
34、the LR ofthe IG unit, based on the resistance to breakage of one specificlite only.3.2.10 patterned glass, nrolled flat glass having a patternon one or both surfaces.3.2.11 probability of breakage (Pb), nthe fraction of glasslites or plies that would break at the first occurrence of aspecified load
35、and duration, typically expressed in lites per1000.3.2.12 sandblasted glass, nglass surface that has beensprayed by sand at high velocities to produce a translucenteffect.3.2.13 specifying authority, nthe design professional re-sponsible for interpreting applicable regulations of authoritieshaving j
36、urisdiction and considering appropriate site specificfactors to determine the appropriate values used to calculate thespecified design load, and furnishing other information re-quired to perform this practice.3.2.14 wired glass, nflat glass with a layer of wire meshcompletely embedded in the glass.4
37、. Summary of Practice4.1 The specifying authority shall provide the design load,the rectangular glass dimensions, the type of glass required,and a statement, or details, showing that the glass edge supportsystem meets the stiffness requirement in 5.2.4.4.2 The procedure specified in this practice sh
38、all be used todetermine the uniform lateral LR of glass in buildings. If theLR is less than the specified load, then other glass types andthicknesses may be evaluated to find a suitable assemblyhaving LR equal to or exceeding the specified design load.4.3 The charts presented in this practice shall
39、be used todetermine the approximate maximum lateral glass deflection.Appendix X1 and Appendix X2 present two additional proce-dures to determine the approximate maximum lateral deflectionfor a specified load on glass simply supported on four sides.4.4 An optional procedure for determining the probab
40、ility ofbreakage at a given load is presented in Appendix X3.5. Significance and Use5.1 This practice is used to determine the LR of specifiedglass types and constructions exposed to uniform lateral loads.5.2 Use of this practice assumes:5.2.1 The glass is free of edge damage and is properlyglazed,5
41、.2.2 The glass has not been subjected to abuse,5.2.3 The surface condition of the glass is typical of glassthat has been in service for several years, and is weaker thanfreshly manufactured glass due to minor abrasions on exposedsurfaces,5.2.4 The glass edge support system is sufficiently stiff toli
42、mit the lateral deflections of the supported glass edges to nomore than1175 of their lengths. The specified design load shallbe used for this calculation.5.2.5 The center of glass deflection will not result in loss ofedge support.NOTE 1This practice does not address aesthetic issues caused by glassd
43、eflection.5.3 Many other factors shall be considered in glass type andthickness selection. These factors include but are not limitedto: thermal stresses, spontaneous breakage of tempered glass,the effects of windborne debris, excessive deflections, behaviorof glass fragments after breakage, seismic
44、effects, heat flow,edge bite, noise abatement, potential post-breakage conse-quences, and so forth. In addition, considerations set forth inbuilding codes along with criteria presented in safety glazingstandards and site specific concerns may control the ultimateglass type and thickness selection.5.
45、4 For situations not specifically addressed in this standard,the design professional shall use engineering analysis andjudgment to determine the LR of glass in buildings.6. Procedure6.1 Select a glass type, thickness, and construction forload-resistance evaluation.6.2 For Monolithic Single Glazing S
46、imply Supported Con-tinuously Along Four Sides:6.2.1 Determine the NFL from the appropriate chart inAnnex A1 (the upper charts of Figs A1.1A1.12) for the glassthickness and size.6.2.2 Determine the GTF for the appropriate glass type andload duration (short or long) from Table 1.6.2.3 Multiply NFL by
47、 GTF to get the LR of the lite.6.2.4 Determine the approximate maximum lateral (centerof glass) deflection from the appropriate chart inAnnexA1 (thelower charts of Figs. A1.1A1.12) for the designated glassthickness, size, and design load. If the maximum lateraldeflection falls outside the charts in
48、Annex A1, then use theprocedures outlined in Appendix X1 and Appendix X2.6.3 For Monolithic Single Glazing Simply Supported Con-tinuously Along Three Sides:6.3.1 Determine the NFL from the appropriate chart inAnnex A1 (the upper charts of Figs. A1.13A1.24) for thedesignated glass thickness and size.
49、6.3.2 Determine the GTF for the appropriate glass type andload duration (short or long) from Table 1.6.3.3 Multiply NFL by GTF to get the LR of the lite.6.3.4 Determine the approximate maximum lateral (centerof unsupported edge) deflection from the appropriate chart inAnnex A1 (the lower charts in Figs A1.13A1.24) for thedesignated glass thickness, size, and design load.6.4 For Monolithic Single Glazing Simply Supported Con-tinuously Along Two Opposite Sides:6.4.1 Determine the NFLfrom the upper chart of Fig.A1.25for the designated gl
