1、Designation: E 1368 05e1Standard Practice forVisual Inspection of Asbestos Abatement Projects1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1368; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A
2、number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.e1NOTEAsbestos warning editorially added in June 2006.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers procedures for performing visualinspections of asbestos res
3、ponse actions to:1.1.1 Establish the extent of the required work before itbegins;1.1.2 Determine the progress and quality of the work andevaluate the completeness of the response action; and1.1.3 Evaluate the cleanliness of the work area prior to finalair testing for clearance (if performed), and su
4、bsequent todismantling of critical barriers.1.2 This practice can be used on an abatement project, or foroperations and maintenance (O the project monitor,as defined by this practice. All parties are cautioned that the subjectauthorities and corresponding responsibilities be understood, mutuallyagre
5、ed upon, and correspondingly addressed with appropriate modifica-tions, if necessary, to the contract documents for a specific project.1.3 This practice provides the following information:1.3.1 The objectives of the visual inspection process;1.3.2 The responsibilities and qualifications of the indiv
6、idu-als involved in the visual inspections;1.3.3 The schedule of visual inspection activities during anabatement project and O1.3.4 The inspection procedures for the various types ofabatement work and O and1.3.5 The criteria for certifying work as complete on thebasis of the visual inspections.1.4 T
7、he values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.5 WarningAsbestos fibers are acknowledged carcino-gens. Breathing asbestos fibers can re
8、sult in disease of thelungs including asbestosis, lung cancer, and mesothelioma.Precautions in this standard practice should be taken to avoidcreating and breathing airborne asbestos particles from mate-rials known or suspected to contain asbestos. See 2.2 forregulatory requirements addressing asbes
9、tos.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specif
10、ic safetystatements, see 12.2.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E 631 Terminology of Building ConstructionsE 736 Test Method for Cohesion/Adhesion of Sprayed Fire-Resistive Materials Applied to Structural MembersE 1494 Practice for Encapsulants for Spray-or-Trowel-Applied Friable Asbestos-C
11、ontaining Building MaterialsE 2356 Practice for Comprehensive Building Asbestos Sur-veysE 2394 Practice for Maintenance, Renovation, and Repairof Installed Asbestos Cement Products2.2 Other Documents:EPA 560/5-85-024 Guidance for Controlling Asbestos-Containing Materials in Buildings3EPA 20T-2003 Ma
12、naging Asbestos in Place: A BuildingOwners Guide to Operations and Maintenance Programs1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Perfor-mance of Building Constructions and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeE06.24 on Building Preservation and Rehabilitation Technolog
13、y.Current edition approved May 1, 2005. Published May 2005. Originallyapproved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as E 1368 03.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volum
14、e information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken
15、, PA 19428-2959, United States.for Asbestos-Containing Materials340 CFR Part 61 National Emission Standards for HazardousAir Pollutants: Subpart MAsbestos340 CFR Part 763 Asbestos-Containing Materials in Schoolsand Model Accreditation Plan (EPA AHERA Regula-tions)329 CFR 1910.1001 Occupational Expos
16、ure to Asbestos(OSHA General Industry Standard)329 CFR 1915.1001 Occupational Exposure to Asbestos(OSHA Shipyard Standard)329 CFR 1926.1101 Occupational Exposure to Asbestos(OSHA Construction Standard)3Guidance Manual: Asbestos Operations and MaintenanceWork Practices4Asbestos Abatement and Manageme
17、nt in Buildings: ModelGuide Specification43. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of building terms, see Ter-minology E 631.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 asbestos-containing materialsmaterial containingmore than one percent asbestos.3.2.1.1 miscellaneous materials, nm
18、aterial, other thansurfacing material and thermal system insulation, on interiorand exterior structural, mechanical, electrical, or architecturalcomponents and surfaces. Miscellaneous material includes, butis not limited to, ceiling tiles, gaskets, floor coverings andmastics, wallboard joint compoun
19、d, roofing materials, andcementitious products.3.2.1.2 surfacing material, nmaterial that is sprayed,troweled-on, or otherwise applied to interior and exteriorstructural and architectural surfaces. Surfacing material in-cludes acoustical plaster on ceilings, fireproofing on structuralmembers, textur
20、ed paint and exterior stucco, and other mate-rials applied to surfaces for acoustical, decorative, fireproofing,and other purposes.3.2.1.3 thermal system insulation, nmaterial which isapplied to interior and exterior mechanical components toreduce heat gain or loss. Thermal system insulation include
21、sinsulation on pipes, fittings, boilers, breeching, tanks, ducts,and other mechanical components.3.2.2 building asbestos survey, nan activity to determinethe presence, location, or condition of asbestos-containingmaterials in a building.3.2.3 clean room, nan uncontaminated room having fa-cilities fo
22、r the storage of employees street clothing anduncontaminated materials and equipment.3.2.4 competent person, none who is capable of identify-ing existing asbestos hazards in the workplace and who has theauthority to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them.3.2.5 contract documents, nthe spe
23、cifications, drawings,terms and conditions, general provisions, and other compo-nents of the agreement between the building owner and thecontractor.3.2.6 crawl space, nan accessible area that may have adirt floor, usually with low head room.3.2.7 critical barriers, none or more layers of rigidly-sup
24、ported plastic sheeting sealed over all openings into anasbestos work area (with the exception of make-up air provi-sions and means of entry and exit), designed to preventairborne asbestos fibers or asbestos-contaiminated water frommigrating to an adjacent area.3.2.8 decontamination area, nan enclos
25、ed area adjacentand connected to the regulated area and consisting of anequipment room, shower area, and clean room, which is usedfor the decontamination of workers, materials, and equipmentcontaminated with asbestos.3.2.9 dust and debris, nvisible particles, fragments, orchunks of material, large e
26、nough to have settled in the workarea by virtue of their weight, that are presumed to haveoriginated from the material abated by the response action, orfrom a fiber release episode.3.2.10 encapsulant, nfor friable asbestos-containing ma-terials, a material that surrounds or embeds asbestos fibers in
27、an adhesive matrix to prevent release of fibers.3.2.10.1 bridging encapsulant, nan encapsulant thatforms a discrete layer on the surface of an in-situ asbestosmatrix.3.2.10.2 penetrating encapsulant, nan encapsulant that isabsorbed by an in-situ asbestos matrix without leaving adiscrete surface laye
28、r.3.2.11 enclosure, n(1) a rigid, air-tight barrier constructedaround an asbestos-covered component or structural element toprotect the asbestos material from impact and to contain anyrelease of asbestos fibers. (2) a space, within which asbestosabatement operations are performed, whose limits are d
29、efinedby rigid or non-rigid barriers for the purpose of controllingaccess and limiting fiber escape.3.2.12 fiber release episode, nuncontrolled or uninten-tional disturbance of asbestos-containing materials which re-sults in the generation of dust and debris.3.2.13 friable material, nmaterial easily
30、 crumbled orpowdered by moderate (hand) pressure.3.2.14 glovebag, na nominally 6-mil minimum thicknesstransparent polyethylene or poly(vinyl chloride) plastic bagwith inward projecting longsleeve gloves, designed to enclosean object from which an asbestos-containing material is to beremoved.3.2.15 h
31、igh effciency particulate air (HEPA) filter, nthefinal stage filter on a negative pressure ventilation device (see3.2.19) or on a vacuum cleaner.3.2.16 industrial hygienist, na professional trained in thehealth and physical sciences who is qualified to recognize,evaluate, and monitor potential occup
32、ational and environmen-tal exposures to hazardous materials, and to formulate mea-sures for their control.3.2.17 load-out area, na structure attached to, but notwithin, the abatement area into which containers of removedmaterial are passed and stored for subsequent transfer to a truckfor disposal.3.
33、2.18 mini-enclosure, nan enclosure as defined in 3.2.11(2), consisting of a change room and work room (no shower),4Available from National Institute of Building Sciences (NIBS), 1090 VermontAvenue, NW, Suite 700 Washington, DC 20005-4905.E136805e12that is large enough for one or two workers, is unde
34、r negativepressure by a HEPA-filtered exhaust device, and is used for arelatively short period of time.3.2.19 negative pressure, nslightly reduced pressurewithin the work area, relative to the space outside the workarea, to prevent leakage of contaminated air from the workarea.3.2.20 pre-bid confere
35、nce, na meeting held at the job siteto discuss and clarify contract requirements and allow prospec-tive bidders to view the work.3.2.21 project monitor, nthe building owners representa-tive who observes abatement activities performed by contrac-tors to ensure that abatement work is completed accordi
36、ng tospecifications and in compliance with all relevant statutes andregulations.3.2.22 regulated area, nan area established by the em-ployer to demarcate areas where airborne concentrations ofasbestos exceed or can reasonably be expected to exceed thepermissible exposure limit.3.2.23 residue, nvisib
37、le material which remains on theabated surface due to incomplete removal and cleaning.3.2.24 response action, na method of abatement (such asremoval, encapsulation, or enclosure) or operations and main-tenance (such as repair, clean-up, or preventive measures) ofasbestos-containing material in any f
38、orm, for any purposewhatsoever.3.2.25 sealer, nmaterial applied to a pipe or substrateafter completion of the final cleaning operation to bondunremoved fiber residue to the pipe or substrate, that iscompatible with intended retrofit requirements and operatingtemperature conditions.3.2.26 testing lab
39、oratory, na laboratory that determines(1) airborne fiber concentrations from air sample filters, and (2)the amount and type of asbestos in bulk samples.3.2.27 unremoved material, nany material which wasrequired to be removed by a response action but remainssubstantially undisturbed.3.2.28 visual ins
40、pection process, nthe activities before,during, and at the conclusion of a response action that areassociated with detecting the presence of visible residue, dustand debris, or unremoved material and verifying the absencethereof at the completion of a response action.4. Summary of Practice4.1 Visual
41、 inspection of asbestos abatement projects is animportant process in determining whether the work has beenacceptably performed. The owner representative(s) must beinvolved throughout the entire process, the success of whichdepends on the cooperation of all participants.4.1.1 The visual inspection pr
42、ocess begins at the earlieststages of planning and continues through completion of thework.4.1.2 The fundamental criterion for completeness of re-moval and clean-up is the absence of visible residue, dust anddebris, and unremoved material. General refinements of thiscriterion are set forth in this p
43、ractice, and the visual inspectionprocedures and criteria applicable to a specific project must beclearly stated in the contract documents.4.1.3 Protective measures, including critical barriers andenclosures, decontamination chambers, protective clothing,and respirators, must remain in effect until
44、visual inspection iscompleted and final air testing for clearance meets the provi-sions in the specification.4.2 Visual inspection of O6.1.1.2 Classroom training as an AHERA-accredited projectmonitor or project designer; and6.1.1.3 Academic degree(s), licensure or registration as anarchitect or engi
45、neer, or both.6.1.2 Credentials that indicate knowledge of building con-struction and operations include the following:6.1.2.1 Field experience in building construction, renova-tion, demolition, or maintenance, or combination thereof;6.1.2.2 Classroom training as an AHERA-accredited projectdesigner
46、or supervisor; and6.1.2.3 Formal or on-the-job training in construction tech-nology or management, with particular emphasis on commu-nications with construction supervisors and workers.6.1.3 Credentials that indicate familiarity or expertise inasbestos abatement and O6.1.3.2 Field experience in asbe
47、stos abatement project sur-veillance, provided that such experience includes inspectionsas described in this practice and is not limited to air monitor-ing; and6.1.3.3 Academic degree(s) or certification in industrialhygiene, or both, with experience that includes inspections asdescribed in this pra
48、ctice and is not limited to air monitoring.6.1.4 Credentials that indicate familiarity or expertise withsuspected ACM and its substrates include training as anAHERA-accredited project monitor and field experience inperforming asbestos building surveys.6.2 Accreditation as an AHERA asbestos project m
49、onitor isa desirable credential. However, neither this practice nor theEPA Model Accreditation Plan requires accreditation to per-form visual inspections for completion of response actions.6.3 Completion of the ASTM Technical and ProfessionalTraining course Standards for Asbestos Control may be ac-cepted as evidence of appropriate training to perform visualinspections, but does not substitute for asbestos abatementproject field experience.6.4 Completion of a project monitor course as described inthe EPA Model Accreditation Plan may be accepted
